Assignment 1

Question 1: Write the differences between vacuum tube & transistor

1.

VacuumTube, VacuumTube, represents the vacuum pumped from the insi

de of the glass bottle to facilitate the flow of free electrons and effectively 

reduce the oxidation loss of the filament.

Transistors (transistor) is a solid-state semiconductor devices, a rectificati

on, rectification, amplification, switch, voltage regulator, signal modulati

on and other functions. As a variable current switch, the transistor can co

ntrol the output current based on the input voltage. Different from ordinar

y mechanical switches (such as Relay and switch), transistors use telecom

munication signals to control their opening and closing, and the switching 

speed can be very fast, the switching speed in the laboratory can reach mo

re than 100GHz

2.The vacuum tube is an electron tube from which all or most of the gas

has been removed, permitting electrons to move with no or low

interaction with any remaining gas molecules

3. A transistor is a device that conducts a variable amount of electricity

through it, depending on how much electricity is input to it. In other

words, it is a digital switch. However, unlike the vacuum tube, it is solid

state. Solid state means that it doesn't change its physical form as it

switches. There are no moving parts in a transistor

4. Compared to the vacuum tube, transistors were much smaller, faster

and cheaper to manufacture. They were also far more reliable and used

much less power

Question 2: What are the different types of memory devices? Write the differences
between RAM & ROM.

the memory devices has SRAM、DRAM、ROM and EPROM

RAM ROM

VOLATILE MEMORY NON VOLATILE

Data is ram is not permanently Permanently,not erased

written when power off,data

deleted

Ram: DRAM & SRAM ROM : PROM & EPROM

It requires flow of electricity to It does not requires electricity to

retain data retain data

Ram is the memory avaiable for Rom is the memory that comes

the operating system programs and with your computer that is pre-

process to use when the computer writeen to hold the instructions for

is running booting up the computer

Question 3: Explain transducer, signal conditioner & op-amp.

1.transducer: A substance or device, such as a piezoeletric crystal,

microphone or photoelectric cell ,that converts input energy of one form

into output energy of another

2.Signal conditioner: In electronics, signal conditioning means

manipulating an analog signal in such a way tha it meets the requirements

of the next stage for further processing

3.Op-amp: It is a circuit unit with high magnification. In the actual

circuit, the feedback network is usually combined to form a functional

module. It is an amplifier with special coupling circuit and feedback. The

output signal can be the result of mathematical operations such as

addition, subtraction, differentiation and integration of the input signal.

Question 4: Explain second order low pass filter with block diagram.

A simple RLC low-pass filter

f(s)=Xc/(R+Xl+Xc)

=(1/sC)/(R+sL+1/sC)

=1/(LCs²+RCs+1)

Question 5: Draw the block diagram of flash ADC & sigma delta converter.
flash ADC

sigma-delta: