C1 Essentials: Summary of AQA Core 1 content not provided in the formula book

Inequalities: Factor theorem:

𝑥 < 𝑦 ⟹ −𝑥 > −𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑎) is a factor ⟺ 𝑎 is a root
Quadratic inequalities: Remainder theorem:
Find critical values by solving = 0. 𝑃(𝑥 ) ÷ (𝑥 − 𝑎) has remainder 𝑅 ⟺ 𝑃(𝑎) = 𝑅
Sketch the curve to identify the required region.
Rationalising the denominator: Differentiation:
1 𝑎 − √𝑏 𝑎 − √𝑏 𝑑𝑦
= = 2 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑛 ⟹ = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
𝑎 + √𝑏 (𝑎 + √𝑏)(𝑎 − √𝑏) 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Straight lines: is the rate of change of 𝑦 with respect to 𝑥.
𝑑𝑥
𝑦−𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) Gradient= gives the gradient of the curve 𝑦.
𝑥−𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Perpendicular lines have 𝑚1 𝑚2 = −1 > 0 ⟹ Function is increasing.
𝑑𝑥
Quadratic formula: 𝑑𝑦
< 0 ⟹ Function is decreasing.
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 Stationary points (eg max/min) occur when = 0.
𝑑𝑥
⟹ 𝑥= 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
2𝑎 = 0 and > 0 ⟹ min
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
Completing the square: 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
𝑏 2 𝑏2 = 0 and < 0 ⟹ max
2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = (𝑥 + ) − + 𝑐
2 4
Roots of quadratics: Integration:
No roots: 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0 𝑛
𝑥 𝑛+1
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
One root: 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0 𝑛+1
Two roots: 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 > 0 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 is the area under the curve 𝑦.
Circle equation: 𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 gives the area bounded by the curve, the 𝑥-axis and the
Centre (𝑎, 𝑏), radius 𝑟: lines 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑥 = 𝑏. If below the axis, integral will be < 0.
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2