1/12/2020 G.R. No.

152845
Toda i S nda , Jan a 12, 2020

C S E I J I O I J I L R AUSL E

FIRST DIVISION

G.R. N . 152845 A 5, 2003

DRIANITA BAGAOISAN, FEL MADRIAGA, SHIRL TAGABAN, RICARDO SARANDI, SUSAN IMPERIAL,
BENJAMIN DEMDEM, RODOLFO DAGA, EDGARDO BACLIG, GREGORIO LABA AN, HILARIO JERE ,
MARIA CORA ON CUANANG, Pe i ione ,
.
NATIONAL TOBACCO ADMINISTRATION, ANTONIO DE GU MAN PERLITA BAULA,
Re ponden .

DECISION

VITUG, .:

P e iden Jo eph E ada i ed on 30 Sep embe 1998 E ec i e O de No. 29, en i led "Manda ing he
S eamlining of he Na ional Tobacco Admini a ion (NTA)," a go e nmen agenc nde he Depa men of
Ag ic l e. The o de a follo ed b ano he i ance, on 27 Oc obe 1998, b P e iden E ada of E ec i e
O de No. 36, amending E ec i e O de No. 29, in ofa a he ne affing pa e n a conce ned, b inc ea ing
f om fo h nd ed (400) o no e ceeding e en h nd ed fif (750) he po i ion affec ed he eb . In compliance
he e i h, he NTA p epa ed and adop ed a ne O gani a ion S c e and S affing Pa e n (OSSP) hich, on 29
Oc obe 1998, a bmi ed o he Office of he P e iden .

On 11 No embe 1998, he ank and file emplo ee of NTA Ba ac, among hom incl ded he ein pe i ione , filed a
le e -appeal i h he Ci il Se ice Commi ion and o gh i a i ance in ecalling he OSSP. On 04 Decembe
1998, he OSSP a app o ed b he Depa men of B dge and Managemen (DBM) bjec o ce ain e i ion .
On e en da e, he NTA c ea ed a placemen commi ee o a i he appoin ing a ho i in he elec ion and
placemen of pe manen pe onnel in he e i ed OSSP. The e l of he e al a ion b he commi ee on he
indi id al alifica ion of applican o he po i ion in he ne OSSP e e hen di emina ed and po ed a he
cen al and p o incial office of he NTA.

On 10 J ne 1996, pe i ione , all occ p ing diffe en po i ion a he NTA office in Ba ac, Iloco No e, ecei ed
indi id al no ice of e mina ion of hei emplo men i h he NTA effec i e hi (30) da f om eceip he eof.
Finding hem el e i ho an immedia e elief f om hei di mi al f om he e ice, pe i ione filed a pe i ion fo -

I
a , p ohibi ion and a a , i h p a e fo p elimina manda o inj nc ion and/o empo a e aining
o de , i h he Regional T ial Co (RTC) of Ba ac, Iloco No e, and p a ed -

"1) ha a e aining o de be immedia el i ed enjoining he e ponden f om enfo cing he no ice of

e mina ion add e ed indi id all o he pe i ione and/o f om commi ing f he ac of di po e ion
and/o o ing he pe i ione f om hei e pec i e office ;

"2) ha a i of p elimina inj nc ion be i ed again he e ponden , commanding hem o main ain he
a o o p o ec he igh of he pe i ione pending he de e mina ion of he alidi of he
implemen a ion of hei di mi al f om he e ice; and

"3) ha , af e ial on he me i , j dgmen be ende ed decla ing he no ice of e mina ion of he pe i ione
illegal and he eo gani a ion n ll and oid and o de ing hei ein a emen i h back age , if applicable,
commanding he e ponden o de i f om f he e mina ing hei e ice , and making he inj nc ion
pe manen ."1

The RTC, on 09 Sep embe 2000, o de ed he NTA o appoin pe i ione in he ne OSSP o po i ion imila o
compa able o hei e pec i e fo me a ignmen . A mo ion fo econ ide a ion filed b he NTA a denied b he
ial co in i o de of 28 Feb a 2001. The e pon, he NTA filed an appeal i h he Co of Appeal , ai ing he
follo ing i e :

"I. Whe he o no e ponden bmi ed e idence a p oof ha pe i ione , indi id all , e e no he be

alified and mo de e ing among he inc mben applican -emplo ee .

"II. Whe he o no inc mben pe manen emplo ee , incl ding he ein pe i ione , a oma icall enjo a
p efe en ial igh and he igh of fi ef al o appoin men / eappoin men in he ne O gani a ion
S c e And S affing Pa e n (OSSP) of e ponden NTA.

"III. Whe he o no e ponden NTA in implemen ing he manda ed eo gani a ion p an o E.O. No. 29, a
amended b E.O. No. 36, ic l adhe e o he implemen ing le on eo gani a ion, pa ic la l RA 6656
and of he Ci il Se ice Commi ion R le on Go e nmen Reo gani a ion.

"IV. Whe he o no he alidi of E.O. No . 29 and 36 can be p in i e in he in an ca e/appeal."2

On 20 Feb a 2002, he appella e co ende ed a deci ion e e ing and e ing a ide he a ailed o de of he
ial co .

Pe i ione en o hi Co oa ail he deci ion of he Co of Appeal , con ending ha -

"I. The Co of Appeal e ed in making a finding ha en be ond he i e of he ca e and hich a e

con a o ho e of he ial co and ha i o e looked ce ain ele an fac no di p ed b he pa ie and
hich, if p ope l con ide ed, o ld j if a diffe en concl ion;
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"II. The Co of Appeal e ed in pholding E ec i e O de No . 29 and 36 of he Office of he P e iden
hich a e me e admini a i e i ance hich do no ha e he fo ce and effec of a la o a an aboli ion
of po i ion and/o effec ing o al eo gani a ion;

"III. The Co of Appeal e ed in holding ha pe i ione emo al f om he e ice i in acco dance i h la ;

"IV. The Co of Appeal e ed in holding ha e ponden NTA a no g il of bad fai h in he e mina ion of
he e ice of pe i ione ; (and)

"V. The Co of Appeal e ed in igno ing ca e la /j i p dence in he aboli ion of an office."3

In i e ol ion of 10 J l 2002, he Co e i ed he NTA o file i commen on he pe i ion. On 18 No embe

2002, af e he NTA had filed i commen of 23 Sep embe 2002, he Co i ed i e ol ion den ing he pe i ion
fo fail e of pe i ione o fficien l ho an e e ible e o on he pa of he appella e co in i challenged
deci ion o a o a an he e e ci e b hi Co of i di c e iona appella e j i dic ion. A mo ion fo
econ ide a ion filed b pe i ione a denied in he Co e ol ion of 20 Jan a 2002.

On 21 Feb a 2003, pe i ione bmi ed a "Mo ion o Admi Pe i ion Fo E Ba Re ol ion" of he ca e

allegedl o add e a ba ic e ion, i.e., " he legal and con i ional i e on he he he NTA ma be
4
eo gani ed b an e ec i e fia , no b legi la i e ac ion." In hei "Pe i ion fo an E Ba Re ol ion" pe i ione
o ld ha e i ha -

"1. The Co of Appeal deci ion pholding he eo gani a ion of he Na ional Tobacco Admini a ion e a
dange o p eceden in ha :

" a) A me e E ec i e O de i ed b he Office of he P e iden and p oc ed b a go e nmen

f nc iona o ld ha e he effec of a blanke a ho i o eo gani e a b ea , office o agenc
a ached o he a io e ec i e depa men ;

b) The P e iden of he Philippine o ld ha e he plena po e o eo gani e he en i e go e nmen

B ea c ac h o gh he i ance of an E ec i e O de , an admini a i e i ance i ho he
benefi of d e delibe a ion, deba e and di c ion of membe of bo h chambe of he Cong e of he
Philippine ;

c) The igh o ec i of en e o a ca ee po i ion c ea ed b la o a e o ld be defea ed b

he me e adop ion of an O gani a ional S c e and S affing Pa e n i ed p an o an E ec i e
O de hich i no a la and co ld h no aboli h an office c ea ed b la ;

"2. The ca e la on aboli ion of an office o ld be di ega ded, igno ed and abandoned if he Co of
Appeal deci ion bjec ma e of hi Pe i ion o ld emain ndi bed and n o ched. In o he o d ,
p e io doc ine and p eceden of hi Highe Co o ld in effec be e e ed and/o modified i h he
Co of Appeal j dgmen , ho ld i emain nchallenged.

"3. Sec ion 4 of E ec i e O de No. 245 da ed J l 24, 1987 (Anne D, Pe i ion), i ed b he

Re ol iona go e nmen of fo me P e iden Co a on A ino, and he la c ea ing NTA, hich p o ide
ha he go e ning bod of NTA i he Boa d of Di ec o , o ld be ende ed meaningle , ineffec i e and a
dead le e la beca e he challenged NTA eo gani a ion hich a e oneo l pheld b he Co of
Appeal a adop ed and implemen ed b hen NTA Admini a o An onio de G man i ho he
co e ponding a ho i f om he Boa d of Di ec o a manda ed he ein. In b ief, he eo gani a ion i an
l a i e ac of he NTA Admini a o .

"4. The challenged E ec i e O de No. 29 i ed b fo me P e iden Jo eph E ada b n igned b hen

E ec i e Sec e a Ronaldo Zamo a o ld in effec be e oneo l pheld and gi en legal effec a o
pe ede, amend and/o modif E ec i e O de No. 245, a la i ed d ing he F eedom Con i ion of
P e iden Co a on A ino. In b ief, a me e e ec i e o de o ld amend, pe ede and/o ende ineffec i e
a la o a e."5

In o de o allo he pa ie a f ll oppo ni o en ila e hei ie on he ma e , he Co l ima el e ol ed o

hea he pa ie in o al a g men . E en iall , he co e e ion ai ed b hem i he he o no he P e iden ,
h o gh he i ance of an e ec i e o de , can alidl ca o he eo gani a ion of he NTA.

No i h anding he appa en p oced al lap e on he pa of pe i ione o implead he Office of he P e iden a

pa e ponden p an o Sec ion 7, R le 3, of he 1997 Re i ed R le of Ci il P oced e, 6 hi Co e ol ed
o le on he me i of he pe i ion.

B klod ng Ka aning EIIB . Zamo a7 led ha he P e iden , ba ed on e i ing la , had he a ho i o ca o

a eo gani a ion in an b anch o agenc of he e ec i e depa men . In aid ca e, B klod ng Ka aning EIIB
challenged he i ance, and o gh he n llifica ion, of E ec i e O de No. 191 (Deac i a ion of he Economic
In elligence and In e iga ion B ea ) and E ec i e O de No. 223 (S pplemen a E ec i e O de No. 191 on
he Deac i a ion of he Economic In elligence and In e iga ion B ea and fo O he Ma e ) on he g o nd ha
he ee i ed b he P e iden i h g a e ab e of di c e ion and in iola ion of hei con i ional igh o
ec i of en e. The Co e plained:

"The gene al le ha al a been ha he po e o aboli h a p blic office i lodged i h he legi la e. Thi

p oceed f om he legal p ecep ha he po e o c ea e incl de he po e o de o . A p blic office i ei he
c ea ed b he Con i ion, b a e, o b a ho i of la . Th , e cep he e he office a c ea ed b he
Con i ion i elf, i ma be aboli hed b he ame legi la e ha b o gh i in o e i ence.

"The e cep ion, ho e e , i ha a fa a b ea , agencie o office in he e ec i e depa men a e conce ned,

he P e iden po e of con ol ma j if him o inac i a e he f nc ion of a pa ic la office, o ce ain la ma
g an him he b oad a ho i o ca o eo gani a ion mea e . The ca e in poin i La .E S a
[280 SCRA 713]. In hi ca e, i a a g ed ha he e i no la hich empo e he P e iden o eo gani e he
BIR. In dec eeing o he i e, hi Co ained he follo ing legal ba i , h :

"`Ini iall , i i a g ed ha he e i no la e hich empo e he P e iden o i e E.O. No. 132 o o eo gani e

he BIR.

`We do no ag ee.

`Sec ion 48 of R.A. 7645 p o ide ha :

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``Sec. 48. S a D a P a O A A W E Ba . The head of
depa men , b ea and office and agencie a e he eb di ec ed o iden if hei e pec i e ac i i ie hich a e
no longe e en ial in he deli e of p blic e ice and hich ma be a , a a ,
bjec o ci il e ice le and eg la ion . .A a a , a a of he ac i i ie hall
be effec ed p an o Ci c la o O de i ed fo he p po e b he Office of he P e iden .

`Said p o i ion clea l men ion he ac of ` a , a a a of office onl and doe no

co e he c ea ion of office o an fe of f nc ion . Ne e hele , he ac of c ea ing and decen ali ing i incl ded
in he b e en p o i ion of Sec ion 62 hich p o ide ha :

``Sec. 62. U a a a a a . Unle o he i e c ea ed b la o di ec ed b he P e iden of

he Philippine , no o gani a ional ni o change in ke po i ion in an depa men o agenc hall be a ho i ed
in hei e pec i e o gani a ion c e and be f nded f om app op ia ion b hi Ac .

`T a P a a a a a
a a a .

`Ano he legal ba i of E.O. No. 132 i Sec ion 20, Book III of E.O. No. 292 hich ae :

``Sec. 20. R a P . Unle Cong e p o ide o he i e, he P e iden hall e e ci e

a P a a and hich a e no pecificall
en me a ed abo e o hich a e no delega ed b he P e iden in acco dance i h la .

`T a P a .W a a
a ? I P a D
N . 1772 a P a D N . 1416. T
a P P a a a a
, , a a a a , a , a
, a a a , a a a a a aa a a a . The
alidi of he e o dec ee a e n e ionable. The 1987 Con i ion clea l p o ide ha `all la , dec ee ,
e ec i e o de , p oclama ion , le e of in c ion and o he e ec i e i ance no incon i en i h hi
Con i ion hall emain ope a i e n il amended, epealed o e oked. So fa , he e i e no la amending o
epealing aid dec ee .

"No , le ake a look a he a ailed e ec i e o de .

"In he a cla e of E.O. No. 191, fo me P e iden E ada ancho ed hi a ho i o deac i a e EIIB on
Sec ion 77 of Rep blic Ac 8745 (FY 1999 G a A a A ), a p o i ion imila o Sec ion 62 of R.A.
7645 o ed in La , h :

"`Sec. 77. O a C a . U o he i e p o ided b la o P P ,

no change in ke po i ion o o gani a ional ni in an depa men o agenc hall be a ho i ed in hei
e pec i e o gani a ional c e and f nded f om app op ia ion p o ided b hi Ac .

"We adhe e o he ling in La ha hi p o i ion ecogni e he a ho i of he P e iden o effec

o gani a ional change in he depa men o agenc nde he e ec i e c e. S ch a ling f he find
ppo in Sec ion 78 of Rep blic Ac No. 8760. Unde hi la , he head of depa men , b ea , office and
agencie and o he en i ie in he E ec i e B anch a e di ec ed (a) o cond c a comp ehen i e e ie of hi
e pec i e manda e , mi ion , objec i e , f nc ion , p og am , p ojec , ac i i ie and em and p oced e ; (b)
iden if ac i i ie hich a e no longe e en ial in he deli e of p blic e ice and hich ma be caled do n,
pha ed-o o aboli hed; and (c) adop mea e ha ill e l in he eamlined o gani a ion and imp o ed
o e all pe fo mance of hei e pec i e agencie . Sec ion 78 end p i h he manda e ha he ac al eamlining
and p od c i i imp o emen in agenc o gani a ion and ope a ion hall be effec ed p an o Ci c la o O de
i ed fo he p po e b he Office of he P e iden . The la ha poken clea l . We a e lef onl i h he d o
ain.

"B of co e, he li of legal ba i a ho i ing he P e iden o eo gani e an depa men o agenc in he

e ec i e b anch doe no ha e o end he e. We m no lo e igh of he e o ce of he po e ha hich
con i e an e p e g an of po e . Unde Sec ion 31, Book III of E ec i e O de No. 292 (o he i e kno n a
he Admini a i e Code of 1987), he P e iden , bjec o he polic in he E ec i e Office and in o de o achie e
implici , econom and efficienc , hall ha e he con in ing a ho i o eo gani e he admini a i e c e of
he Office of he P e iden . Fo hi p po e, he ma an fe he f nc ion of o he Depa men o Agencie o he
Office of he P e iden . In Canoni ado . Ag i e [323 SCRA 312], e led ha eo gani a ion in ol e he
ed c ion of pe onnel, con olida ion of office , o aboli ion he eof b ea on of econom o ed ndanc of
f nc ion . I ake place hen he e i an al e a ion of he e i ing c e of go e nmen office o ni he ein,
incl ding he line of con ol, a ho i and e pon ibili be een hem. The EIIB i a b ea a ached o he
Depa men of Finance. I fall nde he Office of he P e iden . Hence, i i bjec o he P e iden con in ing
a ho i o eo gani e.

"I ha ing been d l e abli hed ha he P e iden ha he a ho i o ca o eo gani a ion in an b anch o

agenc of he e ec i e depa men , ha i hen lef fo o e ol e i he he o no he eo gani a ion i alid. In
hi j i dic ion, eo gani a ion ha e been ega ded a alid p o ided he a e p ed in good fai h.
Reo gani a ion i ca ied o in `good fai h if i i fo he p po e of econom o o make b ea c ac mo e efficien .
Pe inen l , Rep blic Ac No. 6656 p o ide fo he ci c m ance hich ma be con ide ed a e idence of bad fai h
in he emo al of ci il e ice emplo ee made a a e l of eo gani a ion, o i : (a) he e he e i a ignifican
inc ea e in he n mbe of po i ion in he ne affing pa e n of he depa men o agenc conce ned; ( ) he e an
office i aboli hed and ano he pe fo ming b an iall he ame f nc ion i c ea ed; ( ) he e inc mben a e
eplaced b ho e le alified in e m of a of appoin men , pe fo mance and me i ; ( ) he e he e i a
cla ifica ion of office in he depa men o agenc conce ned and he ecla ified office pe fo m b an iall he
ame f nc ion a he o iginal office , and ( ) he e he emo al iola e he o de of epa a ion."8

The Co of Appeal , in i no a ailed deci ion, ha fo nd no e idence of bad fai h on he pa of he NTA; h -

"In he ca e a ba , e find no e idence ha he e ponden commi ed bad fai h in i ing he no ice of non-
appoin men o he pe i ione .

"F , he n mbe of po i ion in he ne affing pa e n did no inc ea e. Ra he , i dec ea ed f om 1,125

po i ion o 750. I i h na al ha one po i ion ma be lo h o gh he emo al o aboli ion of an office.

"S , he pe i ione failed o pecificall ho hich office e e aboli hed and he ne one ha ee
c ea ed pe fo ming b an iall he ame f nc ion .

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"T , he pe i ione like i e failed o p o e ha le alified emplo ee e e appoin ed o he po i ion
o hich he applied.

"

"Fo hl , he p efe ence a ed in Sec ion 4 of R.A. 6656, onl mean ha old emplo ee ho ld be
con ide ed fi , b i doe no nece a il follo ha he ho ld hen a oma icall be appoin ed. Thi i
beca e he la doe no p ecl de he inf ion of ne blood, o nge d nami m, o nece a alen in o
he go e nmen e ice, p o ided ha he ac of he appoin ing po e a e bonafide fo he be in e e of
he p blic e ice and he pe on cho en ha he needed alifica ion ."9

The e finding of he appella e co a e ba icall fac al hich hi Co m e pec and be held bo nd.

I E O N . 29 N . 36
N T A
. A icle VII, Sec ion 17,10 of he Con i ion, e p e l g an he P e iden con ol of all
e ec i e depa men , b ea , agencie and office hich ma j if an e ec i e ac ion o inac i a e he
f nc ion of a pa ic la office o o ca o eo gani a ion mea e nde a b oad a ho i of la .11 Sec ion 78 of
he Gene al P o i ion of Rep blic Ac No. 8522 (Gene al App op ia ion Ac of FY 1998) ha dec eed ha he
P e iden ma di ec change in he o gani a ion and ke po i ion in an depa men , b ea o agenc p an
o A icle VI, Sec ion 25,12 of he Con i ion, hich g an o he E ec i e Depa men he a ho i o ecommend
he b dge nece a fo i ope a ion. E iden l , hi g an of po e incl de he a ho i o e al a e each and
e e go e nmen agenc , incl ding he de e mina ion of he mo economical and efficien affing pa e n, nde
he E ec i e Depa men .

In he ecen ca e of Ro a Liga a C. Domingo, e al. . Hon. Ronaldo D. Zamo a, in hi capaci a he E ec i e

Sec e a , e al.,13 hi Co ha had occa ion o al o del e on he P e iden po e o eo gani e he Office of he
P e iden nde Sec ion 31(2) and (3) of E ec i e O de No. 292 and he po e o eo gani e he Office of he
P e iden P ope . The Co ha he e ob e ed:

" . Unde Sec ion 31(1) of EO 292, he P
aboli hing, con olida ing o me ging ni , o b
Sec ion 31(2) and (3) of EO 292, he P e iden
P ope b ill i hin he Office of he P e iden
Office of he P e iden o Depa men o Agencie
e iden can eo gani e he Office of he P e iden P ope b
an fe ing f nc ion f om one ni o ano he . In con a , nde
po e o eo gani e office o ide he Office of he P e iden
i limi ed o me el an fe ing f nc ion o agencie f om he
, and ice e a."

The p o i ion of Sec ion 31, Book III, Chap e 10, of E ec i e O de No. 292 (Admini a i e Code of 1987),
abo e- efe ed o, ead h l :

"SEC. 31. Con in ing A ho i of he P e iden o Reo gani e hi Office. The P e iden , bjec o he polic in
he E ec i e Office and in o de o achie e implici , econom and efficienc , hall ha e con in ing a ho i o
eo gani e he admini a i e c e of he Office of he P e iden . Fo hi p po e, he ma ake an of he
follo ing ac ion :

"(1) Re c e he in e nal o gani a ion of he Office of he P e iden P ope , incl ding he immedia e
Office , he P e iden ial Special A i an /Ad i e S em and he Common S aff S ppo S em, b
aboli hing, con olida ing o me ging ni he eof o an fe ing f nc ion f om one ni o ano he ;

"(2) T an fe an f nc ion nde he Office of he P e iden o an o he Depa men o Agenc a ell a

an fe f nc ion o he Office of he P e iden f om o he Depa men and Agencie ; and

"(3) T an fe an agenc nde he Office of he P e iden o an o he depa men o agenc a ell a

an fe agencie o he Office of he P e iden f om o he depa men and agencie ."

The fi en ence of he la i an e p e g an o he P e iden of a con in ing a ho i o eo gani e he

admini ai e c e of he Office of he P e iden . The cceeding n mbe ed pa ag aph a e no in he na e of
ha nd l limi he aim and cope of he g an o he P e iden of he po e o eo gani e b a e o be
ie ed in con onance he e i h. Sec ion 31(1) of E ec i e O de No. 292 pecificall efe o he P e iden
po e o e c e he in e nal o gani a ion of he Office of he P e iden P ope , b aboli hing, con olida ing o
me ging ni he eof o an fe ing f nc ion f om one ni o ano he , hile Sec ion 31(2) and (3) conce n
e ec i e office o ide he Office of he P e iden P ope allo ing he P e iden o an fe an f nc ion nde he
Office of he P e iden o an o he Depa men o Agenc and ice- e a, and he an fe of an agenc nde he
Office of he P e iden o an o he depa men o agenc and ice- e a.14

In he p e en in ance, in ol ing nei he an aboli ion no an fe of office , he a ailed ac ion i a me e

eo gani a ion nde he gene al p o i ion of he la con i ing mainl of eamlining he NTA in he in e e of
implici , econom and efficienc . I i an ac ell i hin he a ho i of P e iden mo i a ed and ca ied o ,
acco ding o he finding of he appella e co , in good fai h, a fac al a e men ha hi Co co ld onl b
accep .15

In pa ing, ela i e o pe i ione "Mo ion fo an E Ba Re ol ion of he Ca e," i ma be ell o emind co n el,
ha he Co E Ba i no an appella e ib nal o hich appeal f om a Di i ion of he Co ma be aken. A
Di i ion of he Co i he S p eme Co a f ll and e i abl a he Co E Ba i elf and a deci ion of i
Di i ion i a a ho i a i e and final a a deci ion of he Co E Ba . Refe al of ca e f om a Di i ion o he
Co E Ba do no ake place a j a ma e of o ine b onl on ch pecified g o nd a he Co in i
16
di c e ion ma allo .

HEREFORE, he Mo ion o Admi Pe i ion fo E Ba e ol ion and he Pe i ion fo an E Ba Re ol ion a e

DENIED fo lack of me i . Le en of j dgmen be made in d e co e. No co .

SO ORDERED.

Da ide, J ., C.J., (Chai man), Yna e -San iago, Ca pio, and A c na, JJ., conc .

F
1
R , pp. 49-50.
2
R , pp. 50-51.
3
R , p. 14.

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4
R , pp. 50-51.
5
R , pp. 140-141.
6
Sec ion 7, R le 3, 1997 Re i ed R le of Ci il P oced e p o ide :

"Pa ie in in e e i ho hom no final de e mina ion can be had of an ac ion hall be joined ei he
a plain iff o defendan ."
7
G.R. No. 142801-802, 10 J l 2001, 360 SCRA 718.
8
A pp. 726-730.
9
R , pp. 55-57.
10
SEC. 17. The P e iden hall ha e con ol of all he e ec i e depa men , b ea , and office . He hall
1 1

en e ha he la be fai hf ll e ec ed.
11
B klod ng Ka aning EIIB . Zamo a, I .
12
Sec. 25. (1) The Cong e ma no inc ea e he app op ia ion ecommended b he P e iden fo he
ope a ion of he Go e nmen a pecified in he b dge . The fo m, con en , and manne of p epa a ion of he
b dge hall be p e c ibed b la .

(2) No p o i ion o enac men hall be emb aced in he gene al app op ia ion bill nle i ela e
pecificall o ome pa ic la app op ia ion he ein. An ch p o i ion o enac men hall be limi ed in
i ope a ion o he app op ia ion o hich i ela e .

(3) The p oced e in app o ing app op ia ion fo he Cong e hall ic l follo he p oced e fo
app o ing app op ia ion fo o he depa men and agencie .

(4) A pecial app op ia ion bill hall pecif he p po e fo hich i i in ended, and hall be
ppo ed b f nd ac all a ailable a ce ified b he Na ional T ea e , o o be ai ed b a
co e ponding e en e p opo al he ein.

(5) No la hall be pa ed a ho i ing an an fe of app op ia ion ; ho e e , he P e iden , he

P e iden of he Sena e, he Speake of he Ho e of Rep e en a i e , he Chief J ice of he
S p eme Co , and he head of Con i ional Commi ion ma , b la , be a ho i ed o a gmen
an i em in he gene al app op ia ion la fo hei e pec i e office f om a ing in o he i em of
hei e pec i e app op ia ion .

(6) Di c e iona f nd app op ia ed fo pa ic la official hall be di b ed onl fo p blic p po e o

be ppo ed b app op ia e o che and bjec o ch g ideline a ma be p e c ibed b la .

(7) If, b he end of an fi cal ea , he Cong e hall ha e failed o pa he gene al app op ia ion
bill fo he en ing fi cal ea , he gene al app op ia ion la fo he p eceding fi cal ea hall be
deemed eenac ed and hall emain in fo ce and effec n il he gene al app op ia ion bill i pa ed b
he Cong e .
13
G.R. No. 142283, 06 Feb a 2003.
14
Canoni ado . Ag i e, G. R. No. 133132, 25 Jan a 2000, 323 SCRA 312.
15
Da io . Mi on, G. R. No . 81954, 81967, 82023, 83737, 85310, 85335 & 86241, 08 A g 1989, 176
SCRA 84.
16
O iga and Compan Limi ed Pa ne hip . Vela co, G. R. No . 109645 & 112564, 04 Ma ch 1996, 254
SCRA 234.

The La phil P ojec - A ellano La Fo nda ion

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