Assignment 1

Submission date: 10.3.2020

Name:Xiong Shuhui Student number:201720060719
Question 1: Write the differences between vacuum tube & transistor.
The vacuum tube is an electron tube from which all or most of the gas has been removed,
permitting electrons to move with no or low interaction with any remaining gas molecules.
A transistor is a device that conducts a variable amount of electricity through it, depending on
how much electricity is input to it. In other words, it is a digital switch. However, unlike the
vacuum tube, it is solid state.
Compared to the vacuum tube, transistors were much smaller, faster and cheaper to manufacture.
They were also far more reliable and used much less power.
Question 2: What are the different types of memory devices? Write the differences between
RAM & ROM.
Memory devices:RAM,ROM,DRAM,SRAM,PROM,EPROM,EEPROM
Differences between RAM & ROM:
RAM:Volatile memory,Data in RAM is not permanently written when power
off,DRAM&SRAM,requires flow of electricity to retain data,RAM is the memory available for
the operating system programs and process to use when the computer is running.
ROM:non volatile,Data in ROM is permanently not erased,PROM&EPROM,not requires
electricity to retain data,RAM is the memory that comes with your computer that is pre-written
to hold the instruction for booting up the computer.
Question 3: Explain transducer, signal conditioner & op-amp.
Transducer:A substance or device, such as a piezoelectric crystal, microphone or photoelectric
cell, that converts input energy of one form into output energy of another.
Signal conditioner:signal conditioning means manipulating an analog signal in such a way that it
meets the requirements of the next stage for further processing.
Op-amp:Op amp - the heart of the analog computer,perform many mathematical operations such
as multiplication, addition, subtraction, division, integration and differentiation.
Question 4: Explain second order low pass filter with block diagram.
A second order filter would have two capacitors or two inductors or one capacitor and one
inductor, that affects the filter's frequency response.
 XC
f  s 
R  X L  XC
1 sC

R  sL  1 sC
1 02
 f  s  2
LCs 2  RCs  1 s  0 s Q  02

Question 5: Draw the block diagram of flash ADC & sigma delta converter.

Flash ADC Block Diagram

Sigma Delta Converter