PROJECT REPORT ON

“DESIGN OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING”

STRUCTURAL PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to

Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya

for the partial fulfilment of the requirements of

Bachelor’s degree in

Architecture (B.Arch.)

By:

Vidushi Rathore (0233 AR 161028)

Sem: VI | Session: 2018-19

Hitkarini College of Architecture and Town Planning, Jabalpur

Under the guidance of:

Er. Vijay Namdev

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to AR. DHANANJAY

DESHPANDE, DIRECTOR, H.C.A.T.P for allowing us to work on this project
report and for providing us the required faculties for the same.

The project entitled “DESIGN OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING” is an outcome of

the constant and constructive guidance of ER. VIJAY NAMDEO, PROFESSOR OF
STRUCTURE, who helped us to complete the project work successfully.

The guidance and tireless help provided by Sir at every stage made our work
much simpler. His valuable suggestions and guidance rendered in giving shape
and coherence to this endeavor.

Our cordial thanks to all the other people concerned, who helped us directly or
indirectly throughout the period of this project and for helping in the
successful compilation of this report.

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 CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE PROJECT ENTITLED

“DESIGN OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING”

HAS BEEN PREPARED BY

VIDUSHI RATHORE

OF

VI SEMESTER | H.C.A.T.P

FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENT OF

RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL

FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR’S IN ARCHITECTURE

(B. ARCH.)

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ER. VIJAY NAMDEV

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER

ABSTRACT

JABALPUR is one of the most important city in the state of MADHYA PRADESH.

According to the 2011 census, it is the third-largest urban agglomeration in Madhya

Pradesh, and the country's 37th-largest urban agglomeration. It is an important
administrative, industrial, and business centre with The High Court of Madhya Pradesh
and several departmental headquarters of the State Government located here.

As it is a rapidly developing city, the construction in the city is very costly. From an
economic point of view, if the building is constructed at a far distance from the city
it will be cheaper to construct and will also provide the residents a peaceful and
clean environment to live in away from the pollution of the city.

Having a peaceful surrounding is the main idea of living of most of the people in
today’s lifestyle.

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 SITE DETAILS

Our proposed site is located at Ratan Nagar Colony, Gupteshwar Road,

Madan Mahal, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh.

The main road near the site, is 18 m wide and is connected to the Mahanadda Road
on one end and the Gupteshwar Temple on the other. A branch road of 8 m, leads
us directly to the front portion of the site.

The proposed residential building is a two storied bungalow having drawing

room, living and dining room, kitchen, toilets and five bedrooms along with
balconies, open-to-sky spaces and terrace.

The total area of the site is about 476.41 sq m.

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 CONTENTS

▪ AIM OF THE PROJECT THEORY

▪ INTRODUCTION
▪ CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS BASED ON OCCUPANCY
▪ SELECTION OF PLOT AND STUDY
▪ RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS -
o LIMITATIONS OF BUILT UP AREA
o MINIMUM FLOOR AREA AND HEIGHT OF ROOMS
▪ BUILDING BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS

DESIGNS
▪ DESIGN OF SLAB
▪ DESIGN OF BEAM
▪ DESIGN OF COLUMN
▪ DESIGN OF FOOTING

DRAWINGS

▪ CONCLUSION

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 AIM OF THE PROJECT

The aim of the project is to plan and design the framed

structure of a residential building.

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 INTRODUCTION

The basics needs of human existences are food, clothing & shelter. From time
immemorial, humans have been making efforts for improving their standard of living.
The main aim of his efforts is to create an economic and efficient shelter. Apart from
being the basic need, a SHELTER provides a feeling of security, responsibility and
also represents the social status of humans.

Every human being has an inherent liking for a peaceful environment

needed for pleasant living. This objective is achieved by having a place of living
situated at the safe and convenient location.

An ideal shelter should have:

• A peaceful environment
• Safety from all natural and climatic conditions
• General facilities should be easily available and
approachable by its residents
• Quick and easy transportation facilities

The Architect has to keep in mind the municipal conditions, building bye laws,
environmental conditions, financial requirements and availability, water supply,
sewage arrangement, provision of future expansion, ventilation etc., before designing
the building according to the brief provided by the client.

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CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS BASED
ON OCCUPANCY

GROUP-A RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

GROUP-B EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS

GROUP-C INSTITUTIONAL BULIDINGS

GROUP-D ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS

GROUP-E BUSINESS BUILDINGS GROUP-

F MERCANTILE BUILDINGS

GROUP-G INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

GROUP-H STORAGE BUILDINGS

GROUP-I HAZARDOUS BUILDINGS

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 SELECTION OF PLOT AND STUDY

Selection of plot is very important for the construction of a house. The plot should
be situated in such a place that there is a strong chance of a community settling
there, at present on in the coming future. It should be planned such that there is close
proximity but not inconvenience. The presence of conventional means of
transportation is important for the retention of property value in future.

Also a connection to market places and public spaces is also required. One should
also observe the road condition, in case of un-developed area for indications of
future development.

The factors to be considered while selecting the building site are:

▪ Access to public spaces like parks & play grounds
▪ Agriculture polytonality of the land

▪ Availability of public utility services, especially water, electricity &

sewage disposal
▪ Contour of land
▪ Cost of land
▪ Distance from places of work
▪ Ease of drainage
▪ Location with respect to school, collage & public buildings
▪ Nature of use of adjacent area
▪ Transport facilities
▪ Wind velocity and direction

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 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Requirement for residential accommodation are different for different classes of

people and depends on the income and financial status of the individual. A person
belonging to the high income group will require a luxurious bungalow, while a person
belonging to the low income group will be satisfied by a single room house.

A standard residential bungalow type building will consist of drawing room, dining
room, living room, guest room, kitchen, store, pantry, dressing room, bath room,
veranda’s, stairs etc. For other types of residential houses the number of rooms and
their area may be reduced according to the requirements.

▪ LIMITATION OF BUILT UP AREA:

Area of plot up to 200 sq. m) - 60% of the site area

201 sq. m. to 500 sq. m - 50% of the site area.

501 sq. m. to 1000sq.m - 40% of the site area

More than 1000 sq. m - 33% of the site area

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▪ MINIMUM FLOOR AREA & HEIGHT OF ROOMS

FLOOR AREA HEIGHT (m)

o LIVING 10 sq. m 3.3 m
o KITCHEN 6 sq. m 3.0 m
o BATH 2 sq. m 2.7 m
o BATH & WATER CLOSET 3.6 sq. m 2.7 m
o SERVANT ROOM 10 sq. m 3.0 m
o GARAGE 2.5 m*4.8 m 3.0 m

• MIN. HIEGHT OF PLINTH

o FOR MAIN BUILDING - 0.6 m
o SERVANT QUARTES - 0.3 m

• MIN. DEPTH OF FOUNDATION - 0.9 m

• THICKNESS OF WALL -20 cm to 30 cm
• DAMP PROOF COURSE -2 to 2.5 cm thick

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 BUILDING BY-LAWS &
REGULATIONS

The following points should be considered before designing a

building according to building by-laws and regulations:

▪ Open spaces around residential building

▪ Minimum standard dimensions of building elements
▪ Provisions for lighting and ventilation
▪ Provisions for safety from fire and explosions
▪ Provisions for means of access
▪ Provisions for drainage and sanitation
▪ Provisions for safety of works against hazards
▪ Requirements for off-street parking spaces
▪ Requirements for landscaping
▪ Special requirements for low income housing
▪ Size of structural element

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 DESIGN

▪ DESIGN OF SLABS-
Slabs are to be designed under limit state method with reference from
IS 456:2000.

ii. DESIGN OF MUMTY SLAB-

fck = 20 N/mm2 fy =415 N/m
2

➢ Span-
ii. Shorter span: Lx = 5.96 m
iii. Longer span: Ly = 6.06 m
6060

Aspect Ratio: = =1.01≤2

5960

Hence it is a two-way slab.

➢ Depth Calculation-
Providing over all depth of slab D as: 120 mm (including cover)
Effective Depth =D − 15 − ∅/2 (where ϕ is the diameter of bars)
=120-15-10/2 ( using 10 mm ϕ bars)
=100 mm

➢ Load Calculations-
Dead Load = b×d×25
=1×0.12×25
= 3 kN/m
Live Load = 2.5 kN/m
Floor Finish = 1 kN/m

Total Load W = 6.5 kN/m

Design Load/ Factored Load (Wd) = 6.5

×1.5 Wd = 9.75 kN/m

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➢ Bending Moment Calculation- (as per IS code 456-2000)
Since, 6060
= = 1.01
5960

According to Table 27, IS-456

αx+ = 0.062 αx- = 0.062×
4

= 0.082
3

4
+ -
αy = 0.062 αy = 0.062× = 0.082
3

Bending Moment in shorter directions-

At mid-span,
+ + 2
Mx = αx .Wd. lx
= 0.062×9.75×(5.96)2
= 21.47 kn-m

= 0.082×9.75×(5.96)2
= 28.39 kn-m
Bending Moment in longer directions-
My+ = αy+ .Wd. ly2
= 0.062×9.75×(6.06)2
= 22.19 kn-m

= 0.082×9.75×(6.06)2
= 29.36 kn-m

➢ Check for depth-For Fe 415,

Mu lim.=0.138 fck.bd2
6= 2
29.36 × 10 0.138×20×1000×d
2
d =10,637.68 mm
d =103.13 mm
Since, 103.13 mm ˂ 120 mm
i.e. drequired ˂ dprovided

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 Hence Safe!

➢ Calculation of area of steel-

0.5 . 4.6

Ast = [1−√1−
]

2
.

0.5 ×20×1000×120 4.6 ×29.36×10

= [1−√1 −
2
]

415 20×1000×120

= 2891.56×0.3
=867.468 mm2
➢
Taking 10mm ϕ bars,
Area of 1 bar Aϕ= 4
102

= 78.53 mm2
➢ ➢
No. of bars= =867.4678.53 =11.04~ 11 Bars Actual Ast = No. of bars ×

Area of 1 bar

=11×78.53
=863.83 mm2
×1000
➢ Spacing between bars=

= 78.53×1000

863.83

=90.9 mm~ 100 mm

Hence, provide 11 nos. 10mm bars @ 100 c/c

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▪ DESIGN OF BEAMS-
Assuming the beam size as 230mm ×450mm,

➢ Span-
i. Shorter span: Lx = 5.4 m
ii. Longer span: Ly = 7.4 m
Now for the shorter span i.e. Lx = 5.4 m

BEAM 1
➢ Load calculations-
Taking the wall height to be 230 mm thick and 3m,
Wall load = 0.23x3x19 =13.11Kn/m
Self load = 0.23x0.450x25 =2.58 kN/m
Slab load, W= 6.5 KN
Now, Lx = 5.4 m
5 .4
. 3 = 9× 3 =16.2 KN

Total load = 13.11+2.58+16.2

= 31.89 kN/m
➢ Calculation of shear forces-
Vx = 2
= 31.89

= 15.94 kN/m
Now, total load Vu =15.94 ×5.4
=86.07 KN
Normal shear= Tv = .
= 1.5×86.07×10
3

230×430

=1.3 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress=Tc= % of tension
steel Taking 16 mm ϕ bars,
Pt = . ×100
2
= (2×4 × 100 ) / b.d

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 2
= (2×4 16 × 100 ) / 230.430
= 0.40 %
Tc= 0.4
Since Tc ˂ Tv, we have to give shear reinforcement.

➢ Design for shear forces-Vus = (Tv - Tc) b.d

= (1.3-0.4) 230.430
= 0.9×98900 =89010 N =89.01 KN
89.01

Vus per metre = 430

According to SP-16, table 62

Provide 6 mm ϕ bars @ 200 mm c/c

➢ Check for spacing-

Spacing should be minimum
of: a.) 0.75 d =0.75×430 =
322.5 b.) 300
Provide 6 mm ϕ bars @ 300 mm c/c throughout the length of the
beam.

Now for the longer span i.e. Lx = 7.4 m

BEAM 2
➢ Load calculations-
Taking the wall height to be 230 mm thick and 3m,
Wall load = 0.23x3x19 =13.11Kn/m
Self load = 0.23x0.450x25 =2.58 kN/m
Slab load, W= 6.5 KN
Now, Lx = 7.4 m
7 .4
. 3 = 9× 3 =22.14 KN

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 Total load = 13.11+2.58+22.14
= 37.83 kN/m
➢ Calculation of shear forces-
Vx = 2
= 37.83

= 18.91 kN/m
Now, total load Vu =18.91 ×7.4
=139.9 KN
Normal shear= Tv = .
= 1.5×139.9×10
3

230×430

=2.12N/mm2
Permissible shear stress=Tc= % of tension
steel Taking 16 mm ϕ bars,
Pt = . ×100
2
= (2×4 × 100 ) / b.d
= (2×4 162 × 100 ) / 230.430

= 0.40 %
Tc= 0.4
Since Tc ˂ Tv, we have to give shear reinforcement.

➢ Design for shear forces-

= (2.12-0.4) 230.430
= 170.10
1.72×98900 =170108 N =170.10 KN
Vus per metre =
430

=0.395 kN/m
According to SP-16 Code, table 62
Provide 8 mm ϕ bars @ 200 mm c/c

➢ Check for spacing-

Spacing should be minimum of:

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 c.) 0.75 d =0.75×430 = 322.5
d.) 300
Provide 8 mm ϕ bars @ 200 mm c/c throughout the length of the beam.

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▪ DESIGN OF COLUMN-

Let us take the column size to be 230mm ×230mm

➢ Load calculation-
Wall load= (5.4+7.4)x0.23x3x19/2
=83.90KN
Slab load= (5.4+7.4)x3/2
=19.2KN
Beam load= 0.23x0.45x(5.4+7.4)x25 /
2 =16.48KN
Self wt. of column= 0.23x0.23x3x25
= 34.5KN
Total load=83.90+19.2++16.48+34.5
Pu =154.08 KN
➢ Column Axial load-Pu = 154.08 KN
Axial load on column cross-section=154.08×103 = 154.08×103 =0.14
. . . 20×230×230

➢ Calculation of eccentricity-
e = 500 + 30 = 4640500 + 23030

=16.94 m ˂ 20 m

= 154.08 ×.02
=3.08 KN-m
6
3.08 ×10

. 2
= 20×230×2302 = 0.12
′
=0.1

= 0.02

P= 0.02×fck
= 0.02×20
=0.4% (min. req. 0.8%)
P= 0.8

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 ➢
Calculation of Ast-
Ast= 0.8 . = 0.8×230×230
100 100

=423.2 mm
Let us consider taking 12 mm ϕ bars,
So,
No. of bars required= 423.2
4 ×122

= 4 bars
➢ Spacing between stirrups-Spacing should be minimum of:
a.) 16 × dia. of main reinforcement= 16×12=192 mm
b.) 48 × dia. of main reinforcement= 48×12= 576 mm

Provide main bars of 12 mm ϕ with stirrups of 6 mm ϕ @ 192mm c/c.

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▪ DESIGN OF FOOTING-

Size of column= 230×230

Total load on column=154.08 KN
Considering the bearing capacity of soil to be 90 KN

➢ Load calculation-
Load from the structure= 154.08 KN
Self weight of footing= 10% of Load
= 10% × 154.08 Wf= 15.4 KN
Total load on footing= 154.08+15.4
W=169.48

➢ Area of footing-

A= (whereis the safe bearing capacity of the soil)

169.48

=
90

=1.88 m2
Side of square footing=√1.88 =1.3 m say 1.5 m Factored soil pressure due to column load-Pu=1.5×154.08
1.5×1.5

=102.72 kN/m2

➢ Depth of footing by bending moment criterion-Critical section is at the face

of the column. Bending moment at the critical section-
Mu=102.72 ×1.5×
1.5−0.23 1.5−0.23
×
2 4

6
=310.15× 10 Nmm
Moment of resistance at critical section-
. . = 0.48

Ru =2.76 (for M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel)

Mu lim = Ru . bd2
310.15× 106=2.76×1250×d2

310.15× 106=3450×d2
6
310.15×10 = d2
3450

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 √89898.55= d
d=299.83 ~ 300 mm

d= 0.3 m
Overall depth=300+8+50 (taking 16 mm ϕ bars and clear cover=50mm) =358 mm~360 mm

➢ Area of steel-
.

Mu=0.87 fy Ast.d (1 − )
.

. 415

1500×300×20
310.15 ×106 = 0.87×415× Ast×300 (1 − )
2
Ast= 1058.03 mm
Min. reinforcement required=
0.12×1500×360

100

=648 mm2 ˂ 1058.03 mm2

Using 16 mm ϕ bars,
Aϕ= ×162 4

No. of bars= = 1058.03

201
=6.03 ~7
Spacing= 201×1500
1058.03

=284.96 mm

Provide 16 mm ϕ bars @ 280 mm c/c in each direction.

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 CONCLUSION
We can conclude that there is difference between the theoretical and
practical work done. As the scope of understanding will be much more
when practical work is done and we get more knowledge about the working
of a project.
Knowing the loads we have designed the slabs depending upon the ratio of
longer to shorter span of panel. In this project we have designed slabs as two
way slabs depending upon the end condition and corresponding bending
moment. The calculations and values have been taken as per the IS CODE-
456. The calculations have been done for loads on beams and columns and
designed frame.

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