Assignment 1

Submission date: 10.3.2020

number: 201720060824 name: Zhou Dongdong
Question 1: Write the differences between vacuum tube & transistor.
ans:
Vacuum tube: 1. The cut-off frequency can be very high
2. The micro tip cathode can emit electrons without heating, and its lifetime can
be up to 100000 hours, which is suitable for working in harsh environment;
3. The output power is much larger than the transistor.
4. It can effectively reduce the oxidation loss of filament. Similar to transistors,
there are two poles, three poles, five poles and so on.
Transistor: 1.A solid semiconductor device that can be used for detection, rectification,
amplification, switching, voltage stabilization, signal modulation, and many other functions.
2.the transistor can be used as a current switch. switching speed can be very fast. The
switching speed in the laboratory can reach more than 100GHz.

Question 2: What are the different types of memory devices? Write the
differences between RAM & ROM.
Ans:
Storage device:The storage device is used to store information, which is usually digitized and
then stored by means of electric, magnetic or optical media.
1. Devices that use electric energy to store information, such as various types of memory, such as
RAM, ROM, etc
2. Devices that use magnetic energy to store information, such as hard disk, floppy disk
(obsolete), magnetic tape, core memory, bubble memory, U disk
3. A device that stores information optically, such as a CD or DVD
4. Devices that store information by magneto-optical means, such as Mo (magneto-optical disc)
The difference of Rom and Ram :
1.RAM is random memory, which will lose its storage content when power is off, so it is mainly
used to store short-term programs. ROM is read-only memory. It is a kind of solid-state
semiconductor memory that can only read the data stored in advance.
2. Comparison:The ram and ROM in the mobile phone correspond to the memory and hard disk
of the computer respectively. The memory is responsible for the operation of programs and data
exchange. With it, the software in the computer can run and have processes. The hard disk is a
piece of storage space, where you can store various files, including video, photos, music,
software, etc

Question 3: Explain transducer, signal conditioner & op-amp.

1. Transducer:A substance or device, such as a piezoelectric crystal, microphone or photoelectric
cell, that converts input energy of one form into output energy of another.
A Transfer Function is the ratio of the output of a system to the input of a system, in the Laplace
domain considering its initial conditions and equilibrium point to be zero.
2. Signal conditioner: signal conditioning device between signal source and readout device, such
as attenuator, preamplifier, charge amplifier, and level converter for nonlinear compensation of
sensor or amplifier.
2. Operational amplifier: is an electronic integrated circuit with multistage amplification circuit.
Its input stage is differential amplification circuit, which has high input resistance and zero drift
suppression ability. The intermediate stage is mainly used for voltage amplification, which has
high voltage amplification factor, generally composed of common emitter amplification circuit.
The output pole is connected with the load, which has the characteristics of strong load capacity
and low output resistance.

Question 4: Explain second order low pass filter with block diagram.

Question 5: Draw the block diagram of flash ADC & sigma delta converter.
A block diagram of a basic sigma–delta converter
essentially a highly over-sampling 1-bit ADC (the comprator) followed by digital filtering and
decimation
The comparator, just like in the analog version, decides whether its input value is higher or lower
than a certain threshold and puts out a single bit signal, the bitstream (a sequence of bits)