Assignment 1

Submission date: 10.3.2020

201720060827 Xuhongke
Question 1: Write the differences between vacuum tube & transistor.
The vacuum tube is an electron tube from which all or most of the gas has been removed,
permitting electrons to move with no or low interaction with any remaining gas molecules.
A transistor is a device that conducts a variable amount of electricity through it, depending on
how much electricity is input to it. In other words, it is a digital switch. However, unlike the
vacuum tube, it is solid state.
Compared to the vacuum tube, transistors were much smaller, faster and cheaper to manufacture.
They were also far more reliable and used much less power.
Question 2: What are the different types of memory devices? Write the differences between
RAM & ROM.
SRAM: Static Random Access Memory
DRAM：Dynamic Random Access Memory
ROM: Read Only Memory
EEPROM：Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM
RAM is volatile memory, data in RAM is not permanently written and when power off, data
deleted, it has DRAM and SRAM, RAM requires flow of electricity to retain data, RAM is the
memory available for the operating system programs and process to use when the computer is
running.
ROM is not volatile memory, data in ROM is permanently written and when power off, data not
erased. ROM has PROM and EPROM, it does not require electricity to retain data, ROM is the
memory that comes with your computer that is pre-written to hold the instructions for booting up
the computer.
Question 3: Explain transducer, signal conditioner & op-amp.
Transducer: A substance or device, such as a piezoelectric crystal, microphone or photoelectric
cell, that converts input energy of one form into output energy of another.
Signal conditioner: In electronics, signal conditioning means manipulating an analog signal in
such a way that it meets the requirements of the next stage for further processing.
Op-amp: the heart of the analog computer. Perform many mathematical operations such as
multiplication, addition, subtraction, division, integration and differentiation.
Question 4: Explain second order low pass filter with block diagram.
A second order filter would have two capacitors or two inductors or one capacitor and one
inductor, that affects the filter's frequency response.

Question 5: Draw the block diagram of flash ADC & sigma delta converter.

flash ADC

sigma delta converter