Professional Documents
Culture Documents
134 - 14 Speakout Intermediate 2nd. Tests With Key and Script Audio PDF
134 - 14 Speakout Intermediate 2nd. Tests With Key and Script Audio PDF
5 marks
Very good A 90% +
task achievement (relevant
Good pass B 80-89% information) and text
organisation (linking of ideas at
Borderline
C 70-79% sentence and paragraph level):
pass
5 marks
Less
Fail F than
70%
Writing tasks
accuracy/range of language,
including pronunciation:
3 marks
3 marks
2 marks
2 marks
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Underline the correct answer, a), b) or c). 3 Complete the words related to language.
1 What b she tell you just now? I hope it 1 The first time I used a foreign language outside of
wasn’t anything bad. school was when I visited France with my family.
a) has b) did c) were 2 My Spanish teacher tells us that fluency is more
2 you eaten lunch yet? If you haven’t, we important than a . She tells us not
could go somewhere together. to worry if we make mistakes, because we will
a) Did b) Have c) Do learn from them.
3 Who stole my bag? I’m sure it was on this 3 Karin is b . She has a British
chair just a moment ago. father and a Dutch mother and she is currently
a) - b) did c) has working as a translator in English and Dutch.
4 you play the piano well or have you just 4 In addition to his m
started learning? t , Arabic, he speaks English,
a) Has b) Have c) Do French and Spanish.
5 did you say you were staying? The Grand 5 The s you need to work on most
Hotel? is your writing. You need to improve your spelling
a) Where b) When c) What and punctuation.
6 When they arriving? Is it today? 6 A lot of students want to know slang or
a) - b) are c) do j when they begin learning a
7 he forgotten his keys? Oh no! This isn’t the language. They think it’s very interesting and
first time he’s left them at home. useful.
a) Did b) Does c) Has
8 Who you usually depend on for help? 5
a) do b) are c) -
9 What happened to your car? Was there an
4 Complete the sentences with the words in the
accident?
box. There is one extra word you do not need.
a) did b) - c) was
10 they arrive on time last night? boss classmate fiancé fiancée
a) Has b) Did c) Had member mentor partner
11 Claire economics at university when she
first met Jackie. 1 In our small company the boss and employees all
a) studies b) studied c) was studying work together and share an office. I think this is
unusual.
10 2 How much did you say it costs to become a
of your local golf club?
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form 3 My squash is very competitive
of the verbs in brackets. and doesn’t like it when we lose a game.
4 Liane went to a school reunion last Saturday
1 Sorry I didn’t answer the phone earlier. I was because she wanted to meet up with an old
sleeping and didn’t hear it ring. (not answer / . She said it was really great to see her and she
sleep) looked exactly the same!
2 Tim with his parents at the moment 5 It was lovely to meet Beth and her
because he a job and can’t afford to , Charles, and to hear about their engagement. Did
live on his own. (live / not have) you know that they’ve decided to get married in
3 you that strange noise a few Fiji, where they got engaged?
minutes ago? It like a baby crying. 6 At our university, all first year students have a
(hear / sound) who helps them adapt to student life. I think this is
4 Their children all tennis very well a great idea.
now. They after their mother, who
used to be a professional player. (play / take) 5
5 Adam at home when I called him.
His mother said he a friend in
hospital. (not be / visit)
6 I anything about Aunt Betty now
because she to Canada when I was
five. (not remember / move)
10
Function
5 Find and correct the mistakes. Tick () the
7 Complete the words in the sentences and
correct sentences. questions.
1 Suzanne and Thomas went got married in Vegas 1 A: So, before we finish – does anyone have any
last year. It was such a lovely wedding and most q u e s t i o n s?
of their relatives were there too. B: Yes, actually. I have one q . I
2 Sam always does the housework on Friday wondered if you could tell me when the job starts.
mornings. He says it’s easier because the rest of 2 A: What a of your current job would
the family is out at work. you say you most enjoy?
3 Can you take me a favour and collect Ding-Lun B: Um, that’s a hard question. I s
from school today? I have to work late so I won’t I’d have to say I like the travelling best because it
be able to get there in time. gives me the opportunity to experience other
4 Are you going part in the athletics competition this cultures.
year? I think you should. It was so good last year 3 A: There are a c of things I’d like to
and you never know – you might win! ask about. F , can you drive?
5 He looked even more handsome when he started B: Yes, I got my driver’s licence five years ago.
getting grey. 4 A: Can I ask you about holidays?
6 You need to take responsibility for yourself when B: Employees get three weeks a year. But one
you leave home and go to university. It might help t I’d like to say is that we also offer
to learn how to cook. excellent health care.
5
6
6 Match 1–6 with a)–f) to complete the interview 8 Tick the correct response, a), b) or c).
advice.
1 Does the company have parking facilities?
1 When you apply for a job always a) Of course.
make sure you send a b) No problem.
2 It’s important to shake hands c) You’re welcome.
3 Don’t forget to speak 2 Could I ask you some questions about the training
4 Employers like it when a job offered by the company?
candidate shows a) Go ahead.
5 Always be prepared to do b) I see.
6 Remember to dress c) You’re correct.
3 So, the company will give me study leave. Is that
a) references from previous employers. right?
b) clearly so that the interviewer can hear every a) No problem.
word you say. b) That’s right.
c) enthusiasm for the position and interest in the c) You’re welcome.
company. 4 We will expect you to work one Saturday every
d) some research on the company before you go to month.
an interview. It’ll help you think of useful a) Go ahead.
questions to ask. b) Yes, definitely.
e) firmly when you first meet the interviewer as it c) I see.
gives a good first impression. 5 Thank you for your time.
f) smartly for an interview and to get your hair cut a) I understand.
too. b) No problem.
c) That’s right.
5
Total: 50
Grammar
2 Complete the sentences with the correct past
1 Underline the correct answer, a), b) or c). form of the verb in brackets.
1 I b in a plane before so I am feeling a bit 1 It was the most beautiful beach he ’d ever seen
nervous about my flight. and the perfect place to spend their honeymoon.
a) have never flied (see)
b) have never flown 2 As soon as she closed the door, she
c) didn’t fly she her house keys on the table.
2 Sue in a jazz band when she was 21. (remember / leave)
a) sang 3 While we for the taxi to arrive, we
b) has sung all the windows were closed.
c) hasn’t sung (wait / check)
3 We first Tamara at university in 2010. 4 By the time they to the station, the
We were on the same degree programme. train . (get / go)
a) have met 5 As she over the bridge, the car in
b) meeted front swerved and nearly into the
c) met river. (drive / fall)
4 James in the national hockey team for 6 While I the joke, I suddenly realised
five years but stopped after he hurt his back. I the ending! (tell / forget)
a) has played
b) played 10
c) hasn’t played
5 They a four-bedroom house in Wales.
a) have just bought Vocabulary
b) have bought recently
3 Complete the types of film stories in the
c) already bought
sentences.
6 Who the match on Saturday? Do you
know? 1 Liz enjoys romantic comedies because she thinks
a) has won they are fun to watch and likes films about people
b) did win falling in love.
c) won 2 I love watching p d . I’m
7 Can we watch something else? I this very interested in history and I love old-fashioned
film twice. costumes.
a) saw already 3 Did you see the b on Gandhi’s life? It
b) ’ve already seen was really interesting. I had no idea he had studied
c) just seen at university in London.
8 You said you’ve been to South America. How 4 Lee says his favourite films are p
interesting! Where ? t because they focus on the mental
a) did you go and emotional states of the characters so you
b) have you gone never know what is going to happen.
c) have you been yet 5 Tim never watches d movies as he
9 They on a cruise before so they’re really thinks there are already too many stories of
excited about their holiday terrible things that have happened, like
a) already went earthquakes and plane crashes, on the news.
b) never went 6 Pru often watches m . She likes to try
c) ’ve never been and solve the murders before the detectives do.
10 When I first saw Coldplay, they weren’t famous.
They a long way since then. 5
a) came
b) have come
c) didn’t come
11 I’m sorry, I . I’ll do that later when I
have some free time.
a) have already contacted him
b) haven’t contacted him yet
c) just contacted him
10
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Underline the correct alternative. 3 Rearrange the letters to complete the sentences
to do with organisation.
1 A: I ’m having/will have a party tonight. Do you
want to come? 1 Diane uses her time wisely (liywes) and makes a
B: I’d love to. What time is it going to/might it list of all the things she needs to get done at the
start? beginning of each day.
2 A: Mel will travel/is travelling around Italy for 2 My daughter tends to get (seatcitddr)
work next month. Lucky thing! very easily when doing her homework. She
B: Might she go to/Will she visit Rome? (sawtes) a lot of time on social networking sites
A: Yes, I think she ’s staying/won’t stay there for when she should be studying.
a few days when she first arrives. 3 I tend to do things (adeha) of time so that
3 A: What are you going to/will you do tomorrow? I always meet the (deeldain) set on a
B: I might not/’m going to do anything! I’m so project.
tired, I think I ’ll just relax/’m relaxing. 4 When you have a lot of tasks to do, it’s best to
4 A: I’m so excited because our team won our (tripierios) them so you complete the most
semi-final match and so we ’re playing/might play important ones first.
in the finals on Saturday.
B: That’s fantastic! Well, let me know what time 5
it starts and I ’ll/’m going to bring the boys along
to watch.
A: OK then. I ’m checking/’ll check with the 4 Find and correct the mistakes. Tick () the
coach when I see him later and let you know by correct sentences.
text. 1 I think the way we work will change a lot in the
next ten years time.
10
2 The short term, it is expected that wages will stay
low.
2 Complete the predictions with the words and 3 Robots could play an important part in our lives in
phrases in the box. perhaps ten to twenty years time.
4 Don’t worry, you’ll get your exam results in a day
could be going to (x2) may not or two.
not going to probably unlikely will (x3) 5 We may all work from home in near future as it is
won’t likely that companies will want to reduce office
costs.
1 Tom won’t be there yet. Let’s face it, he’s
always late. 4
2 A: So, do you think it’s likely you get the
job?
B: Well, it’s . Over 500 people have 5 Complete the idioms with one word.
applied and I guess they’re looking for 1 They were running out of time and only had three
someone with more experience than me. minutes to score a goal.
3 I really don’t like the look of those black clouds. 2 He didn’t say he had a new job. He’s such a dark
I’m sure there’s be a big storm very !
soon. 3 Can you keep an on the kids while I cook
4 Mia’s doing very well at school. I hope she dinner?
continue her studies at university. I’m sure she 4 These days children find using computers a piece
make an excellent teacher. of .
5 We be able to sell our house in the 5 I’ll give you a with your suitcase – it
current weak economic climate but we’re looks very heavy.
try. We lucky and find the right buyer. 6 Mia wants to get out of the race. She says
You never know! it’s too competitive and stressful.
6 I’m sorry but I’m be at work this week. 7 Golf isn’t my of tea. I prefer tennis.
The doctor said I have ’flu and must stay at home.
6
10
10
Total: 50
10
Total: 50
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Complete the sentences with the correct 3 Complete the sentences with words and
comparative or superlative form of the phrases related to technology.
adjective in brackets.
1 In fifty years’ time, space travel could become a
1 Technology is much more important in today’s popular holiday option for many people around
world. It has also made the world a much smaller the world.
place than it used to be. (important / small) 2 If you live in the UK and are 65 or over, your
2 It’s far to fly by plane these days and doctor can give you a free flu v .
it is also one of ways to travel. 3 C s receive and send
(cheap / safe) data quickly from one place to another. They
3 His marks in the last test were slightly make it possible for us to connect with people all
in maths, but much in English. (low / around the world.
high) 4 A are a powerful type of medicine
4 The new restaurant was a lot than we that help our bodies fight against a lot of different
expected but now we know why. Their food was types of infection.
we’ve ever tasted. (busy / delicious) 5 S p is created from the
5 Our new car is a little bit than the sun’s energy and is a clean form of energy which
last one and is also a lot to drive. produces no pollution.
(economical / easy) 6 One day, g e may make
6 I’m not sure if this is way to get to it possible to design babies that are free from
their house but it certainly is a much inherited disease.
one because of the scenery. (quick / good)
5
10
10 5
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Underline the correct alternative. 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the words in the box.
1 If I’ll see/see him, I’ll tell you.
2 When I will feel/feel tired, I usually take a long annoy confuse embarrass
bath to relax. relax satisfy worry
3 Louis loves walking on the beach when it ’ll be/’s
sunny. 1 Their science teacher was very annoyed about
4 Liz’ll be disappointed if you won’t/don’t turn up their bad behaviour during class and made them
tonight. stay late after school.
5 What will/do you usually do when you’re 2 Some people believe that we shouldn’t be so
frightened? about climate change. They don’t think it’s really
6 Chris always shouts at people when he ’s/’d be happening.
very angry. 3 It was really when I introduced my
7 We are/’ll be very surprised if they don’t win the boss to everyone at the meeting but got his name
competition. wrong.
8 When people will lose/lose their jobs, they often 4 Our art teacher said she was with the
worry about finding a new one. paintings we had done during our summer
9 They don’t/won’t pass the exam unless they study holidays.
harder. 5 The instructions for the new television are really
10 If they invite/’ll invite you to their wedding, will hard to understand. I’m more now
you go? than I was to begin with.
11 If I ’m/’ll be happy, I usually laugh a lot and try 6 I love going to Tai Chi classes because they are so
and make other people laugh too. after a stressful day at the office.
10 5
2 Find and correct the mistakes in the 4 Underline the correct answer, a), b), c) or d).
hypothetical conditional sentences below. Tick
1 Please take c your shoes and leave them by the
() the correct sentences.
door.
1 Where would you live if you have accepted the a) on b) up c) off d) down
promotion to the Italian office? 2 Tania and Kate get really well and have
2 It would being great if we travelled around Asia been best friends since school.
for a month in the summer. a) off b) on c) down d) up
3 If Simon lost some weight, he could fit into his 3 John tried to chat Kim but she wasn’t
favourite suit. interested in him.
4 What would you do if you will win a million a) on b) down c) up d) off
dollars on the lottery? 4 If you click the icon there, you’ll be able
5 How could you feel if I asked you to come to Kim to download the document you want.
and Don’s wedding with me? a) down b) up c) off d) on
6 If my computer crashes, I’d call a friend and ask 5 You don’t need to dress for the barbecue.
him to help fix it. It’s going to be a relaxed event.
7 If you helped me carry my shopping, I’d be very a) up b) off c) on d) down
happy. 6 Do you feel ready to settle and start a
8 James won’t like it if you invited his family? I’m not sure I do.
ex-girlfriend but didn’t tell him. a) off b) up c) down d) on
9 I would be able to get out more if I could
borrowed your car when you’re not using it. 5
10 We would have to cancel the barbecue if it is
rained.
11 Rosie would learn to play the piano if she had
more free time.
10
Function
7 Complete the conversations with one word in
each gap.
1 A: You’ll never guess what. Isamar and Sabih got
married in Vegas!
B: Wow! What a surprise!
2 A: Bad news, I’m a . We’re
going to have to close the London office.
B: You’re j ! Why?
3 A: We’ve got s to tell you.
We’ve just got engaged.
B: That’s wonderful! I’m so p
for you both.
4 A: I’m s to have to tell you, but
your sister was in an accident and is being taken
to hospital.
B: Oh no! That’s t !
A: Please don’t worry, her injuries are not serious.
5 A: I’ve got some g news.
B: Really? What?
A: I’ve been offered a job at Princeton University!
B: Wow! C ! That’s fantastic!
6 A: Unfortunately, I’m not going to be able to
come to your party next weekend.
B: Oh, that’s a s . Why not?
A: Well, you know that painting competition I
entered. I won! So I have to go to London on
Saturday.
B: That’s brilliant! Well d !
10
Total: 50
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Write sentences using the present perfect 3 Rearrange the letters to complete the sentences
simple or continuous. to do with success.
1 She / work / in Japan / for six years. 1 I find it’s easier to focus (ofusc) on my studies if I
She’s been working in Japan for six years. go to the library because it’s so quiet there.
2 I / not see her / since the summer holidays. 2 Chian was really excited when he was offered the
(nypopoitrtu) to study at a European university for
. a year.
3 What / you / do / all morning? 3 Usain Bolt is a (scoldlawrs) runner
? and everyone expects him to win more gold
4 I / always / enjoy / swimming in the sea. medals.
. 4 It can take years to (earmst) a sport
5 She / listen to / the same song all day. like golf.
. 5 Fatima is a high (vreiceha) and is
6 We / learn / Chinese / for two years. always top of the class.
. 6 Ian has always shown a natural
7 How long / he / be an engineer? (nettla) for acting.
?
8 He / not meet / my parents / before. 5
.
9 Yasuko / plan / to visit Canada for years.
4 Underline the correct answer, a), b), c) or d).
.
10 We / wait / for you for more than an hour. 1 Does anyone know who the red van parked
. outside belongs b ?
11 How long / you / know Martina for? a) for b) to c) with d) on
? 2 He’s one of my best friends and I know I can
always rely him when I need help.
10 a) with b) on c) in d) for
3 Stop laughing me. You’re making me
feel embarrassed and it’s really not funny.
2 Find and correct the mistakes. Tick () the a) in b) for c) at d) to
correct sentences. 4 Do you have enough money to pay a taxi
1 Do you think he can to play the guitar well? home?
2 He is able to speak three languages by the time he a) with b) about c) on d) for
was fifteen years old. 5 I don’t have much in common John so
3 Did you manage speak to your parents about the it’s difficult spending time with him.
ski trip? a) with b) for c) in d) about
4 Gina wasn’t able to meeting us in Paris because 6 Duncan works very hard at his studies and puts
her flight was cancelled. a lot of hours.
5 Could you hearing what they were saying from the a) for b) to c) on d) in
back of the class?
5
6 Were they able to getting in touch with you by
email?
7 Do you managed to do exercise three times a
week?
8 Are those the people who weren’t able to get
tickets for tonight’s concert?
9 I’m not always able to visit my parents at the
weekend.
10 Unfortunately, she wasn’t able to getting to the
station in time to catch the last train.
11 Do you able to help me look after their house for
the weekend?
10
Functions
5 Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the word in CAPITALS. 7 Complete the conversations with the words in
the box. There are two extra words you do not
1 I may be useless at doing sports but I can play need.
three musical instruments and I can sing quite
well. agree another do example for in like
USE must one reason said way what
2 You’re right. He has a lot of artistic
. He should get into the art college of his choice. 1 A: We need someone with good qualifications
ABLE who won’t need too much training.
3 Did you see the last competition she played in? B: I 1 do think we should choose someone
She’s such a tennis player that who has a university degree. Having 2
she won all her matches. that, I think it’s important that they already have
SKILL some work experience too.
4 Henryk is really at languages A: Exactly. That’s 3 I was saying.
and can speak English, Polish, Spanish and 2 A: Well, I 4 say I’m very disappointed
Chinese fluently. with this restaurant. I was expecting it to be a lot
TALENT better than this. For 5 thing, the waiters
5 Mary is at organising events so are very slow…
we need to find someone else to help us plan the B: 6 my view, it’s the food that’s their
party. biggest problem. My vegetables weren’t cooked
HOPE and the chicken was cold.
6 Evelyn is such a musician. It’s 3 A: Mr Sanchez of MT Motors has suggested we
not surprising that she has won many music prizes work together on our next marketing campaign.
in her long career. B: Mmm…I’m not sure that that is a very good
GIFT idea. The 7 I say this is that they have a
very different market to us and the last time we
5 worked with them it didn’t benefit our company at
all.
8
me, it would be more practical for us to
6 Complete the sentences with the words in the
politely decline their offer and to focus on how we
box.
can best grow our business independently.
apprenticeship certificate degree 4 A: I prefer face-to-face learning.
distance licence online B: I 9 . It’s more efficient. For 10 ,
you can get your questions answered immediately
1 Alice has got a degree in economics from by your tutor.
the University of Toronto and an MA in finance A: And you get to meet your classmates and go
from UCL. out with them after lectures so they become
2 I wasn’t given my during the friends too. It’s far more social and fun. You can
graduation ceremony. It was sent in the post a few really connect with people.
weeks later. B: 11 I said, face-to-face learning is much
3 After we moved house I nearly forgot to update better. I’m so glad I decided to come to university
my address on my driving . instead of doing a distance learning degree. I love
4 Tim has just started a(n) course meeting up like this.
in accounting and says it’s a really good to way to
fit in his studies with work. 10
5 Many universities now offer
learning courses so that people can continue Total: 50
working and study from home in their free time.
6 If you got a(n) with our
company, you’d work four days a week with us
and go to college every Friday.
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Underline the correct alternative. 4 Match 1–6 with a)–f).
1 I love –/the cats, but I wouldn’t like to have a/the 1 Since we moved house, we’ve got c
dog. 2 The noise of the cars at night gets
2 A/An city I’d really like to visit is the/– Budapest 3 When my neighbour invited me
in Hungary. 4 Judi’s settling in well at school and
3 Is that a/the girl who lives in the/a flat next to is making
yours? 5 Jane was only trying to be friendly,
4 We saw the/a beautiful house in a/the South of but Ben told her to mind
France but it didn’t have the/a very big garden. 6 I think I’m lucky as I get on
Function
6 Complete the words related to the internet.
8 Complete the conversation with the words and
1 For me, the best way to book a holiday is through phrases in the box. There are two phrases you
an online travel site. It’s so quick and easy to do do not need.
these days.
2 Almost everyone who looks for information online Can you all right I didn’t realise you
uses s e to direct them I need to If I were Is it OK No problem
to the best sites. something wrong Sorry about that
3 Demi spends hours on s sort it out What should I Yes, of course
n s writing messages to you should You’d better not
her friends and commenting on their posts.
4 Before Niara buys any electrical product, she 1 A: 1 Sorry about that, I didn’t know that we
always goes to r s to shouldn’t talk business during the meal.
see what scores people have given the products B: That’s 2 all right. I don’t think Guilherme
she’s interested in. minded too much, although in Brazil it’s not
5 Elisa spent most of the weekend creating a always a polite thing to do.
p h of her own so she 2 A: My apologies. 3 were on the
could share facts about herself. phone. I can come back later.
6 After being single for many years, Jeff decided to B: 4 come back in half an hour?
join a few d s . It didn’t 3 A: Did I do 5 ?
take him long to find a girlfriend. B: Don’t worry about it. We can 6
. Just remember that in Italy people don’t usually
5 use first names when doing business.
4 A: Do 7 take my shoes off before
I enter Miki and Isamu’s house?
7 Underline the correct answer, a), b) or c).
B: Yes, 8 . In Japan, people leave
1 You look like you’ve had a long day. Why don’t their shoes in their hallway and point the toes of
you b your feet up and I’ll go and make us a them towards the entrance. You will probably be
lovely cup of tea. given a pair of slippers to wear inside their home.
a) have b) put c) make 5 A: 9 do if they give me a present?
2 When I told my cousin to ‘ herself at B: 10 you, I’d open it and then
home’ the last time she visited me, I didn’t expect smile and thank them.
her to call her parents in America everyday. 6 A: 11 if I take Natalya some
a) have b) make c) be flowers?
3 Paul told us to ourselves to anything in B: 12 but don’t take her yellow
the fridge if we got hungry while he was at work. ones, as in Russia this means you are going to end
a) help b) take c) make the relationship.
4 Peter knew it was going to be bad news when his
boss invited him into his office and told him to 10
a seat.
a) need b) make c) have Total: 50
5 You’ll have to the mess, I’ve had my
sister’s children with me all weekend.
a) forget b) excuse c) apologise
6 When Isabelle asked if she could borrow my car
for the evening, I told her to my guest as
I knew she’d look after it.
a) make b) offer c) be
10
Vocabulary
3 Complete the words in the sentences.
1 Huge technological a d v a n c e s are being
made every year in the world of science and
technology.
2 The civil rights m in the
United States in the 50s and 60s defended
people against racism and led to positive
changes in the legal system.
3 Gutenberg’s i of the
printing press in 1440 led to a much wider s
of knowledge and ideas, which has only
been surpassed in recent times by the
invention of the internet.
4 The d of the structure of
DNA was made by James Watson and
Francis Crick in 1953. It was a turning p
in medical research.
Vocabulary
4 Rearrange the letters to complete the
sentences to do with the environment.
1 These days, more people are choosing to buy
organic (cirnaog) food because the methods of
production are better for the environment.
2 Did you know that if you leave the TV on
(tyabnsd) over night, it uses electricity and you
waste energy?
3 Since electronic books have become available,
it’s become even easier to buy
(densdnohca) books at really low prices.
4 If your house was better
(ledsutian), you’d need less electricity to heat it
and therefore save money on your electric bills.
5 Our family never buys much
(drepsoces) food as we prefer to eat healthily and
cook fresh food.
6 There’s far too much
(kicangpag) on this toy – I’m having real
problems getting
it off.
Listening
3 Recording 2 Listen and answer the questions
1 Recording 1 Listen to a woman telling a story below.
and underline the correct answer, a), b) or c).
1 According to June, what activity did people used
1 The woman to be embarrassed or ashamed of doing?
a) has never been embarrassed. Writing with their left
b) likes talking about herself. hand.
c) prefers other people’s stories. 2 How old was June when her parents realised
she was left-handed?
2 Her brother
a) tells funny stories.
b) doesn’t like talking about himself. 3 How was she stopped from using her left hand
c) hates people laughing at him. to write with before she started school?
3 Her brother told her a story about
a) his holiday in Spain. 4 What two reasons does June give for people not
b) his ex-wife. being allowed to be left-handed in the past?
c) an embarrassing experience.
4 In the story, Bob 5 Which hand does June use to write with now?
a) talks to a man who is lying on the beach.
b) saves a man who can’t swim.
c) helps a man get his boat onto the beach. 6 What percentage of people in the world is
left-handed?
5 Bob communicated with the man
a) using only sign language.
b) with gestures and incorrect English.
c) using incorrect Turkish. 5
10
5 Complete the text with the correct answer, a), 7 Complete the sentences with the correct form
b) or c). of the word in CAPITALS.
Last call! 1 The students loved learning slang and other
1
you ever missed a plane? I nearly 2 informal expressions in their English class.
last summer. I was flying from London to Sydney EXPRESS
and had to change planes in Los Angeles. The plane 2 Is fluency more important than
3
there at 6.30 in the morning and my flight when you’re learning another language?
to Sydney was at 9.30. I walked around while I 4 ACCURATE
because I 5 been to LA airport before. Then 3 When you apply for a job, don’t forget to send
I with your CV.
6
some breakfast in a coffee shop, read my REFER
book and checked emails on my phone. 4 Adam has a successful business with more than
By 8.15, I was feeling rather bored so I 7 thirty .
decided to find out which gate my Sydney flight EMPLOY
8
from. I saw an information screen on the 5 I have a lot more in my new job
wall and 9 to look at it. I found my flight on as area manager.
the screen – and saw ‘Last call’ written there. I RESPONSIBLE
couldn’t believe it! I then looked at my watch and 6 Did you find all the you needed
realised I 10 the time on my watch back by at the library?
eight hours instead of seven! I ran to the gate and INFORM
11
the time I got there, I was the last person 7 I love comedies. They always
to get on the plane. How embarrassing! make me feel good.
ROMANCE
1 a) Did b) Was c) Have 8 The film The Sixth Sense, with Bruce Willis, is an
2 a) did b) had c) was excellent thriller.
3 a) landed b) has landed c) is landing PSYCHOLOGY
4 a) ’ve waited b) ’d waited c) was waiting
5 a) ’d never b) ’ve ever c) was never 7
6 a) had b) was eating c) ’d had
7 a) ’d b) was c) -
8 Complete the sentences with the words in the
8 a) had left b) will leave c) was leaving
box. There are two extra words.
9 a) was going b) has gone c) went
10 a) ’ve changed b) ’d changed c) was changing chance classmates degree foreign hand
11 a) on b) from c) by lunchtime purpose say tell weekend
10
1 At the end of the school year, I helped my
classmates organise a big party.
Vocabulary 2 Everyone at our school had to study a
language. I chose Spanish.
6 Match 1–7 with a)–g).
3 After Charlotte got a in English
1 If you make friends with native b literature she trained to become a teacher.
2 Last year our swimming team took 4 I’m sorry. I didn’t drop your laptop on
3 It’s a good idea to show . It was an accident.
4 I’m sorry. We’re in a bit of 5 Wendy has started her own jewellery business and
5 Luckily, all the passengers survived makes everything herself by .
6 The demonstration turned violent 6 Let’s meet at to discuss plans for
7 Uncle Alex told us a really next week.
7 Why don’t you just what you mean?
a) a hurry and can’t stop now. It would make life a lot easier if you did.
b) speakers, your English will improve a lot faster. 8 Do you think it’s better to a white lie
c) funny story the other day. sometimes than to hurt someone’s feelings by
d) part in a national competition. telling the truth?
e) enthusiasm when you answer questions in an
interview. 7
f) after the police arrived.
g) the crash and no one was seriously hurt.
a) frightening g) no
b) next h) next thing I
c) In the i) happened
d) all of a j) don’t believe
e) really funny k) Really
f) did you do
10
Reading
11 Read the article opposite and complete the
gaps with headings a)–f) below.
a) Communication differences
b) What’s in a name?
c) A strange similarity
d) Twins: A case of nature or nurture?
e) Fascinating results
1 d
Many people are like their siblings in some ways,
but twins are often even more alike. If you are born
at the same time as another baby and grow up with
them, it is likely you will be similar to each other.
But what would happen if you didn’t know you had
a twin? How alike would you be?
2
In the USA, a pair of identical twins was split up
when they were adopted as four-month-old babies.
Their new parents decided on their names and
without knowing it, both called their son ‘Jim’.
These two boys spent all of their childhood and
teenage years living separate lives in different
places. And it wasn’t until they were thirty-nine
years old that they got to meet each other for the
first time. They were quite surprised to find how
similar they were.
3
Although they didn’t look exactly the same, they
were both six feet tall and weighed 180 pounds.
They discovered that during their childhood they
had both had a dog named ‘Toy’ and as adults they
had both married twice. Even more strangely, both
of their first wives were called ‘Linda’ and their
second wives were called ‘Betty’. The Jims had
each had a son. One of them had called theirs
‘James Allan’ while the other named theirs ‘James
Alan’.
4
The similarities didn’t end there. They discovered
that they had both worked as sheriffs, owned the
same type of car, smoked the same cigarettes and
drank the same beer. They also suffered from the
same health problems, like severe headaches. In
later research on the pair, a psychologist* noticed
that they both bit their nails. This was rather unusual
behaviour among identical twins.
5
However, while they were very similar, there were
also some clear differences. For example, one Jim
preferred to express himself through writing while
the other preferred speaking. They also had different
hairstyles and one Jim had married a third time
while the other hadn’t.
6
Continued research on the Jim twins has proven to
be very interesting and along with other research
findings has led to the discovery that the personality
and identity of twins who have grown up apart is as
alike as those that haven’t.
* Psychologist – someone who studies the human
mind and human behaviour.
12 Read the article again. Decide if the 14 Write a short news report about one of the
statements are true (T) or false (F). headlines below. Use the prompts to help if
necessary. Write 100–150 words.
1 Research has shown that all twins are the
same as each other. F
1 120 people homeless after floods
2 The Jim twins were adopted at birth by
two sets of American couples.
3 Neither set of parents knew what the 2 Airline employees strike demonstration
other twin had been called.
4 The two Jims grew up in the same area 3 Film star shot outside London home
unaware of the other’s existence until
they were almost forty. 1 Introduction – what happened
5 They expected to have a lot in common
when they first met in their thirties.
6 The two Jims were as tall and as heavy
as each other.
7 They had both married a ‘Betty’ and
then a ‘Linda’.
8 Even though they both had similar habits
they’d never worked in the same job.
9 Psychologists thought it unusual that
both twins bit their fingernails.
10 One of the key differences between
the twins was how they enjoyed
communicating with others.
11 Research shows that twins who live
apart as children behave very differently
from each other.
10 2 Background details
Writing
13 Underline the correct alternative.
1 They visited all their relatives during/while they
were in Malaysia.
2 Alicia called me as soon as/by the time she got
my message.
3 By the time/While the police arrived at the house,
the thieves had disappeared.
4 I would like to make/take this opportunity to
introduce myself.
5 He ended the email to his friend ‘Hope/I hoping to
hear from you soon’.
6 A typical way to end a letter of application is: ‘I 3 Quote(s) – people’s opinions
look forward to hear/hearing from you soon’.
5
10
Total: 100
5
Listening
1 Recording 3 Listen and tick (ü) the correct
answer, a), b) or c).
1 Barbara invites Mike .
to the cinema to a concert for a picnic
a) b) c)
10
3 Recording 4 Listen and match the predictions
with the people. You do not need all the
predictions.
1 Jim b
2 Celine
3 Matt
4 Beth
5 Daniel
6 Kirsten
Grammar
4 Complete the second sentence so that it means
the same as the first. Use the word in
CAPITALS.
1 It isn’t necessary for me to get up early tomorrow.
HAVE
I don’t have to get up early tomorrow .
2 That pizza won’t be enough for six people.
GOING
That pizza
.
3 Tim used to play outside every day when he was
younger.
WOULD
Tim
.
4 You should wear a suit for the interview.
OUGHT
You
.
5 She probably won’t travel much in her new job.
UNLIKELY
She
.
6 It is not certain if our business will make a profit in
the next six months.
MAY
Our
.
5 Complete the text with the correct answer, a), 7 Complete the sentences with the correct form
b), c) or d). of the word in CAPITALS.
Fly me to the Moon! 1 Katherine has always been very ambitious
Where 1 a billionaires go for their holidays in the so it’s not surprising that she has been promoted
future? Instead of renting private islands, very three times in the last two years.
wealthy people are quite 2 go into space. AMBITION
Space travel companies 3 Space Adventures 2 When you have many different tasks to do, you
and Virgin Galactic 4 offering a range of have to know how to them so you
space travel experiences they are planning to run in focus on the most important ones.
the future, including a trip to the far side of the PRIORITY
Moon. People who choose this trip 5 a 3 The way I avoid when I’m studying is
seven-day flight and travel at speeds of 17,000 miles to put on background music.
an hour. They 6 the Earth from 250,000 DISTRACT
miles away. However, it isn’t enough just to be a 4 Sophie can never make up her mind about anything
billionaire. You also 7 fit enough to travel in – she’s so ! Planning a night out with
a spaceship. Candidates for the trip 8 to train her can be hard work.
for four months with experienced astronauts 9 DECIDE
they are allowed to fly. But why 10 have to 5 Peter is the perfect person to manage this project.
be a billionaire to go to the Moon? Because it 11 He’s an excellent and is great at
around half a million US dollars. managing people.
COMMUNICATION
1 a) will b) do c) are d) is 6 He’ll find it hard to get work as a dancer. The
2 a) likely b) likely to c) going to d) to entertainment business is a very
3 a) as b) such as c) such like d) such world.
4 a) are going to b) will c) could d) are COMPETE
5 a) are taking b) to take c) will take d) takes 7 Louise was offered the position of deputy head as it
6 a) are seeing b) will see c) have seen d) do see was clear that she was ready for management
7 a) must to be b) might be c) have to be d) are .
8 a) will have b) must c) should d) may RESPONSIBLE
9 a) then b) after c) before d) when
10 a) you may b) do you c) are you d) you’ll 6
11 a) has cost b) costing c) will cost d) cost
8 Underline the correct alternative.
10
1 Oh no, I’ve left/forgotten my wallet at home again.
I’ll have to go back and get it at lunchtime.
Vocabulary 2 In perhaps a/only year to two years’ time, we will
6 Complete the sentences with the correct be able to develop our business and move to a
preposition. bigger office.
3 Can you give me an arm/a hand with this box? It’s
1 Brian prefers to put things off than to get them too heavy for me to carry on my own.
done. He’s the complete opposite of me. 4 I put my foot/feet in it when I congratulated her on
2 Sara and Dave moved to the countryside to get being pregnant. I didn’t realise she wasn’t.
of the rat race. They want to enjoy a more relaxed 5 Sorry, I had no idea it was you on the phone earlier.
and traditional way of life. I didn’t realise/recognise your voice!
3 We’re hot water because we’re not 6 Oh dear, you’ve got the date wrong/different. The
making a profit. We must find a way to keep the party isn’t today – it’s next Saturday!
business operating in the short term. 7 We were all surprised when he said that housework
4 I hope everyone will be able to work overtime this was something he did for funny/fun.
week and stay until 10p.m. each night. We have to 8 Since leaving school, Sue has had many different
finish this order by Friday and we are working works/jobs. She is still looking for the ideal one.
the clock. 9 Can you remind/remember me to pick up the car
5 Jeff has a habit of leaving things the from the garage on my way home today?
last minute and then getting stressed about being 10 Anyone caught stealing from the company will be
late. fired/charged immediately and removed from the
6 Nina is so organised – she gets things done ahead building by security.
time so deadlines are always met.
9
5
Function 10
9 Complete the second sentence so that it means
the same as the first one, using the phrases in
the box. You do not need all the phrases.
a good point I agree say that see things
think we should what you mean
Why don’t we You’ve lost me
Writing
13 Cross out ten more unnecessary words in these
messages. Contracted forms count as one
word.
1
I hope school went well. Your dinner’s in the oven.
Mum xxx
Yours ,
2
I’m going to the gym after work tomorrow. Do you
want to come? Can you call me? Louise x 10
3
Total: 100
Tammy, I’m sorry I can’t come out for dinner
tonight. I’ve got to go to music practice. I hope you
enjoy the meal. I’ll see you later. Martin
Dear Mr Dibbley,
I am writing to you
I am 25
If you require
Listening
1 Recording 5 Read the question below. Then 6 What would he like to study at college?
listen and match speakers 1–6 with appliances
a)–h). You do not need all the appliances.
a) fridge
b) oven
c) vacuum cleaner
d) microwave
e) washing machine
f) dishwasher
g) toaster
h) iron
10
Vocabulary 7
6 Write the sentences in the correct order.
1 you / down / own / start / ever / and / you’ll / do /
settle / think / your / family?
Do you think you’ll ever settle down and start your
own family?
2 decided / getting / have / married / where / you /
you’re / yet?
3 scientists / cleaner / power / that / some / nuclear /
believe / produces / electricity.
4 my / I’ll / garage / the / it / car / needs / take / to / as /
to / have / fixing.
5 and / off / on / switching / printer / have / your /
tried / you / again?
6 your / forget / a / enter / take / you / don’t / to /
shoes / when / off / temple.
7 computer / if / one / problems / please / the / you /
our / call / have / of / engineers / any / with / network.
Function
9 Match questions and statements 1–6 with
responses a)–f).
1 Do you know when they’ll arrive? b
2 Would you mind helping me with my
suitcase?
3 I’m really pleased to tell you that
you’ve got the job.
4 We’ve got something to tell you.
We’re getting married!
5 Could you tell me the way to the
Theatre Royal, please?
6 I’m afraid your car won’t be ready
until next Friday.
10
Reading
11 Read the text below and underline the correct
answer, a), b) or c), opposite.
Computer technology and happy cows
Cows that milk themselves? This is not science fiction,
but a product of twenty first-century technology.
Farmers and scientists have created a farm where the
cows choose when they want to be milked using a
computerised automatic milking system. As long as
they turn up for milking at least once a day, the cows
are free to do whatever they like. But how does it
work? The animals are first attracted into the building
by automated devices like skin-brushing and scratching
machines, which they enjoy using. Nearby, there’s a
robot, which scans a microchip in the cow’s collar. The
chip holds information about the cow’s milking history
and health. If it needs to be milked, the robot machine
starts the milking process, while feeding it with a
protein and energy supplement at the same time.
Farmers who use this computerised milking system are
very enthusiastic about it. One British farmer we
interviewed told us, ‘It’s amazing how the cows take to
it and it’s certainly the biggest step forward for dairy
farmers in the last thirty years.’ There are now more
than eight thousand farms in over twenty-five countries
around the world using the new system. People who
support it say the system not only saves time and
money, but also shows respect for the cows by
10
Total: 100
Listening
1 Recording 7 Listen to six conversations and 6 What online problem is the school trying to
underline the correct answers, a), b) or c). solve?
1 The neighbours invited Lynne for
a) tea.
b) coffee.
c) lunch. 5
Good neighbours:
a) are selfless and do things for each other all the
time.
b) can be trusted.
c) teach their children to be polite and well-
behaved.
d) are helpful when you need them to be.
e) are considerate towards other people and don’t
wake them up.
f) mind their own business.
g) will take in parcels for you.
Grammar
4 Correct two mistakes in each sentence.
1 He’s the man that son has won the lottery last
week.
He’s the man whose son won the lottery last week.
2 We wasn’t able to go to Sally’s party last Friday
because we can’t find a babysitter.
.
3 She’s be living in Switzerland since the past five
years.
.
4 There are a few of biscuits, but there isn’t no
cheese.
.
5 I’ve been knowing my best friend Michael for
primary school.
.
6 She got new laptop for her birthday, that she
loved.
.
10
6
5 Choose the correct answers to complete the
text, a), b) or c).
Chinese billionaire Li Jinyuan, 1 a is the
twenty-fourth richest person in China, is 2
special kind of boss. When 3 President of
the Tiens Group decided to treat 4 of his
staff to a holiday, he paid around £24 million for
half his workforce (5 incredible 6,400
employees) to go on a four-day trip to France. The
staff 6 went on this vacation went to Paris
for a few days first and 7 able to visit the
Eiffel Tower and the Louvre. They then travelled
by train to the South of France, 8 they
stayed in four and five-star hotels in Monaco and
Cannes. During 9 four-day period, an
amazing 30,000 hotel rooms were booked. This
generous act is something
10
has benefited his staff as well as his
company and has also 11 the French
economy.
10
Vocabulary
6 Complete the sentences with the prepositions
in the box.
about at for in on over with
Function Reading
9 Match questions 1–6 with responses a)–f). 11 Read the article. Look at the sentences on
the next page and write true (T) or false (F).
1 Is this a bad time to pop round? b
2 Did I do something wrong? Dr Maggie Aderin-Pocock, Space Scientist
3 My apologies. I didn’t realise you were Born to Nigerian parents in London, my journey to
busy. I’ll come back later. success as a space scientist has not been easy.
4 Do I need to wear a long dress? When I was young, I was moved around a lot
5 What should I do if they serve fish? because of family problems and ended up going to
I don’t like it. a total of thirteen different schools. I was also
6 Is it OK if I smoke at the table? discovered to be dyslexic* and was often placed in
the remedial classes*2 as a result. Although I had
a) Yes, I think you do as it’s quite a formal dreams and ambitions for my future from an early
occasion. age, when I told teachers that I wanted to become
b) No. Please come in. an astronaut and go to the Moon I was encouraged
c) If I were you, I’d try to eat a little bit. instead to go into nursing, a career which they
d) It’s OK. I won’t be long. considered to be more suitable for me.
e) No, you’d better not. It’s considered rather rude. Fortunately my family, especially my father, gave
f) It’s OK – we can sort it out. me a lot of real support and encouraged me to
follow my dreams. Without this I may never have
5 succeeded in leaving school with high grades in
A-level maths, physics, chemistry and biology.
These results made it possible for me to then face
10 Match gaps 1–11 in the conversation with
the challenge of doing a physics degree at Imperial
a)–k) below.
College London, which I completed in 1990. After
A: 1
a , social networking sites are a which, I went on to gain a PhD in mechanical
complete waste of time. The reason 2 engineering.
this is because you can communicate with My career in space science has, over the years,
people better in so many other ways. given me opportunities to work on a wide range of
B: Yes, I 3 people spend too much time on exciting projects around the world and I have now
these sites, but I 4 say that they can be become one of the presenters of The Sky at Night,
useful. 5 , you can contact all your which is a TV programme about astronomy*3.
family and friends at the same time. Although I enjoy all the elements of my current
A: Yes, I agree, but that’s not always an advantage. work, I am now also keen to encourage more
For 6 , you don’t have much privacy. children, particularly girls, into science. It remains
7
said before, you could keep in touch a very male-dominated profession even in this day
with people by email. and age. I strongly believe that science can have a
B: Yes, I prefer to use email, too. I don’t like huge impact on our lives and know from personal
everybody else’s friends to see my news and experience that if you have a dream and work hard,
photos. 8 said that, sites like Facebook you can succeed. I appreciate every day how lucky
can be very convenient in some situations. I am to love the work I do, and I still have a dream
9
give you an example. When I was on to fulfil in my future: to retire to Mars.
holiday in India last year, I 10 to contact *A learning difficulty that affects the skills involved in accurate
and fluent reading and spelling.
family and friends, send them photos and let *2 Low-level classes for students unable to keep up with the work
them know where I was, all in one go! It was in the ordinary classes.
really useful. *3 An area of science which studies space.
A: Yes, 11 see your point. But in my view,
you could do that just as easily via email.
a) For me g) I say
b) must h) do think
c) Like I i) Having
d) was able j) I do
e) Let me k) one thing
f) For example
10
1 Becoming a space scientist came easily to b) Because she has travelled widely with her job.
Maggie. F c) Because she has become a TV celebrity.
2 Maggie’s childhood was a stable one. d) Because she has a passion for her work.
6 What might Maggie say about her future goal?
3 Her teachers didn’t believe her dream was a) ‘I’m happy I can retire to somewhere different.’
achievable. b) ‘While it’s not possible yet, I’ll make it happen.’
c) ‘I’m not sure it’ll be possible but perhaps
4 Before deciding to become a scientist, she someone else will make it happen.’
had thought about becoming a nurse. d) ‘It’s highly unlikely to ever become reality.’
5 Without support from her family, Maggie is 5
unlikely to have got the A levels she did.
6 Her only area of real interest was physics.
7 A varied career has allowed her to work on
projects abroad.
8 Maggie is about to start presenting an
astronomy programme on TV.
9 Maggie wishes to share her enthusiasm with
young people and inspire more girls to get into
science.
10 There are more female scientists than males.
11 When she stops working, she’d love to
live the rest of her life on another planet.
10
Writing
13 Join the sentences using the words in
brackets. Make any necessary changes.
1 It’s a formal party. Men should wear a dark suit.
Women should wear an evening dress.
(so / and)
It’s a formal party so men should wear a dark
suit and women should wear an evening dress.
2 He isn’t very reliable. He never does what he
promises to do. He’s always late.
(because / and)
.
3 The buses never come on time. This makes me
very angry. I often get to work late.
(which / because)
10
.
4 I wanted a new challenge. I left my job in Total: 100
marketing. I’m studying ceramics at college.
(so / and now)
.
5 I get a lot of emails from friends. They want me
to join a social networking site. I always refuse.
(who / but)
.
6 They’ve been living in Oxford. It’s a very historic
city. It’s famous for its university.
(which / also)
.
⁴ .
Early dinner: from 5.00 to 7.00p.m.
Price: 5£
Late dinner: Two-course meal
Price: £17.95
Wine included: 6 Yes / No
Typical dishes: Lamb, fish and lemon 7
tagines; vegetable couscous
Specialises in: 8 from Marrakech
Speciality: ‘Bastilla’, made of filo pastry,
chicken, almonds, 9 and cinnamon
Booking necessary: 10 Yes / No
Phone number: 01865 11
10
12
Function
7 Complete the travel tips with the phrases in the
box. Use capital letters where necessary.
be careful don’t leave have a tendency
make sure most important on the whole
watch out were you whatever you
you’d better you need
10
10 Read the article again. Underline true (T) or
.
false (F).
6 The play was absolutely wonderful. The theatre
1 Bruce used to work as an aircraft engineer. T/F was so hot and crowded that I almost fell asleep!
2 After he bought the plane, he found the (although)
perfect place to move it to. T/F
3 Bruce’s new home has so far cost him .
nearly $200,000 to renovate. T/F
4 He had no choice but to strip the plane .
down to get it to its new location. T/F
5 Bruce has kept as many of the plane’s 5
original features as possible. T/F
12 Write a review of a restaurant that you have
6 Bruce now lives in the USA and Japan. T/F
been to. Use the ideas below to help you and
7 He is currently looking for an old
use linking words from Exercise 11 where
aeroplane to convert in Japan. T/F
possible. Write 120–150 words.
8 He thinks planes work perfectly as homes. T/F
9 Bruce finds living in a plane entertaining. T/F
What was the restaurant like? What did you order?
10 Converting planes into homes might
How was the food and service?
become a more popular idea in the future. T/F
Was the meal worth the money you paid?
11 The notion of reusing old planes makes
Would you recommend the restaurant? (Why/why
environmental sense. T/F
not?)
10
Writing
11 Rewrite the sentences using the words in
brackets.
1 The restaurant was expensive. We decided to go
home and get an Indian takeaway instead.
(so/that)
The restaurant was so expensive that we decided
to go home and get an Indian takeaway instead.
2 She always boasts about how much money she
has. She enjoys talking about her luxury lifestyle.
(furthermore)
.
.
3 There’s no doubt that he’s a very charming
individual. He hasn’t any talent at all as an artist!
(while)
.
.
4 It was a hot, noisy and overcrowded nightclub.
I felt quite unwell the following morning.
(such/that)
.
.
5 David will never get the kind of job he really
wants. He needs to make a lot more effort.
(unless)
.
10
Total: 100
Vocabulary
5 Correct two mistakes in each sentence.
7 Match 1–7 with a)–g).
1 When we were young we will would often be
spending spend hours playing in the woods behind 1 Children who grow up in a bilingual home e
our home. 2 Nate has always been into psychological
2 Are Marie and Rob likely want something to eat 3 There’s going to be a vote to decide if we
when they are arriving tomorrow? go on strike
3 Alex has been the national diving champion twice 4 Liz had found the exam a piece of
before he was winning his first Olympic gold medal. 5 These days you have to think outside the
4 Why is it that whenever I chose the shortest queue in 6 Janice hates doing housework so she
a shop, it is always slowest than the other ones? bought a robot vacuum
5 When Bob took practice sessions more seriously, he 7 The first time he tried to chat someone
could be winning his next game.
6 You know I would’ve lend you some money if you a) cleaner that sweeps the floor for her.
told me you were in trouble. b) over pay or find an alternative approach.
c) thrillers and loves the mix of mystery, action and
5 horror.
d) box if you’re searching for a job with career
prospects.
6 Complete the text with one word in each gap. e) can develop more than one mother tongue.
New words, same language f) up was a complete failure because he was so
As with most languages, the English language 1 is nervous.
constantly developing as a result of changes occurring g) cake, having spent weeks revising for it.
around the world, particularly to do with technology
6
and forms of social communication.
2
you were to try and find a list of new words
from the current year, you would be likely 3 8 Underline the correct alternative.
find many you have 4 heard of, simply
because there are so many new words being created. 1 My brother loves acting and always takes part on/in
Do you know, for example, what an earworm is? And school plays.
has anyone 5 called you an infomaniac or said 2 I got/made on with Gina immediately. She’s such a
you have a tech neck? Let’s hope not. friendly and warm person, it’s impossible not to.
An earworm, just 6 you know, is a tune or 3 If you dropped it by chance/mistake, you should
song that gets stuck in your head and keeps repeating apologise.
itself over and over again. What about an infomaniac? 4 Chris has said/told so many lies over the years that I
Surely you can guess this one. Well, it actually refers can’t believe a word he says.
to someone who 7 always checking and 5 In the long term/time, it is hoped that scientists will
responding to emails and text messages. I’m sure most find a cure for all diseases.
people can think 8 someone like this if they 6 It was obvious that the class weren’t
try. And then there’s tech neck. Could you work out 9 hearing/listening so I stopped speaking until I had
that means? It’s hardly a compliment as it refers to the their attention.
wrinkles and lines around the neck that are caused by 7 Ahmet has been promoted to middle management
frequently looking down at phones, tablets, etc. So, and is now in charge/run of a small team.
next time you meet up with a friend and they’re 10 8 Wendy was on the way to the airport when her car
interested in checking their emails than talking to you, crashed/broke down.
you could teach them 11 few new words to get 9 When was the last time you did something really
the conversation started. embarrassing/embarrassed?
10 We were very worried about missing/losing our jobs
10 during the economic crisis.
9 Complete the words in the sentences. 11 Match gaps 1–6 in the conversation with
a)–f) below.
1 The class is showing a lot more e n t h u s iasm for
maths since the arrival of the new teacher. A: So, let’s decide when to hold the school’s charity
2 Sheila never listens to music while studying – she run. In 1 f , April would be the best month.
says she gets too dis by it and it B: Mmm… I’m not sure 2 , actually. Don’t
stops her from being able to concentrate. you remember what happened last year? Everyone
3 A lot of people who spend hours commuting to big was halfway through the race when
3
cities for work find it completely there was a thunderstorm and we had to
ex and would prefer to live closer stop it.
so they don’t have to get up so early. C: That’s right! It was a complete disaster! What
4
4 The police gave a press conference to share the it sometime in the summer when the
results of their recent tion. weather is better?
5 There are fewer less people sleeping on the A: That’s a 5 , actually. How about if we hold
streets now there are more shelters for them. it in August?
6 To avoid cultural mis B: I’m 6 won’t be practical because the
when visiting another country, it is always a good children will be on summer holidays. Let’s check
idea to find out about its culture before travelling our diaries and see when might work…
there.
a) about doing
5 b) afraid that
c) all of a sudden
Function d) that I agree
10 Cross out the response that is not possible. e) good point
f) my opinion
1 If we want to move forward, we’ll have to simplify
our company structure. 5
a) What exactly do you mean?
b) I’m afraid I can’t.
c) I don’t get what you’re saying. 12 Complete the sentences with the phrases in the
2 I really feel this issue needs further discussion. box. There are two phrases you do not need.
a) I’d have to say I agree. ask you about fine by me have a look
b) What did you do? should think you know you mean
c) You must be joking! you must you repeat
3 The next thing I knew, I was lying in a hospital bed.
a) So what had happened?
1 Could you repeat the last part, please? Sorry, I didn’t
b) Really?
hear what time we have to meet on Friday.
c) I see what you mean.
2 If we’re going to organise a party for Mum and
4 You’ll never guess what. Simon and I have got
Dad’s anniversary, we carefully
engaged!
about the best location for it.
a) Congratulations!
3 Excuse me. Do whether Mr Bracey
b) Exactly!
is going to attend today’s management meeting
c) You’re joking!
or not?
5 Would you mind if I asked you a few questions?
4 Well, let me at my appointments
a) Yes, definitely.
book. Mmm… I’m afraid I don’t have any free time
b) Sure, go ahead.
on Thursday 5th but I could fit you in on the 6th.
c) Of course not.
Would 10.30a.m. work for you?
6 Anyway, in the end, we had to sleep in the airport!
5 If you need to cancel the trip this weekend, that’s
a) That’s awful!
. We can always rearrange it for another time.
b) You’re kidding!
6 Do to say that the bank has refused
c) Have you?
to lend us the money we need? Whatever are we
5
going to do?
Reading
13 Read the article and complete the gaps with Writing
paragraph headings a–f. 15 Complete the sentences with the words and
1 b These days, identity theft through the internet phrases in the box. You do not need all the
is a very real danger. While some people are cautious options.
about the websites they use and the information they although by the time during
share, others are not. it’s possible that might probably
2 The criminals who target us know exactly until while
what they are looking for. They also have a very
clear idea of how they will use our information. The
1 I like eating organic food although it is often
biggest problem is that we don’t understand exactly
quite expensive.
what information they are trying to find. Perhaps if
2 She always leaves it the last minute
we did, we’d be more careful when using the
to revise for exams. She says that feeling under
internet.
pressure helps her focus.
3 So, what can we do to keep our identity safe
3 Most people couldn’t live without
online? Well, the first piece of advice would be to
their mobile phones these days.
install anti-virus software on the equipment you are
4 Derek didn’t understand why you
using and to make sure it’s kept up-to-date.
were upset with him.
4 Second, it’s important to create new
5 I heard the news, it was too late.
passwords for different websites. Never use the same
6 Ali listens to classical music he’s
one for two sites or purposes, especially the one
studying as it helps him concentrate.
which accesses your main email account.
5 Remember also to only use secure online sites
5
when you shop online and to use public wi-fi with
extreme caution. People don’t realise that when
they’re using this, it is incredibly easy for hackers to 16 Write an essay about the advantages and
access their data. You should only use wi-fi disadvantages of mobile phones.
hotspots* for things you don’t mind being public. Write 120–180 words.
6 So, the next time you’re about to do some
online banking or type in a password for a social It is easy to understand why so many people use
networking site, stop and think. Ask yourself if you mobile phones in their everyday lives
really want all the information you’re about to share
to go public.
* a physical location giving wireless internet access
a) Diversify access d) Remember where you are
b) A modern threat e) Public vulnerability
c) Discriminate thieves f) Protect your equipment
10
14 Read the article again. Underline True (T) or
False (F).
1 People are becoming more careful about
how they use the internet. T/F
2 People don’t know what these criminals
want so they don’t consider the dangers. T / F
3 Regular updates are optional if you want
to keep anti-virus software effective. T/F
4 Don’t worry if you use the same password
for a few less important sites. T/F
5 Using wi-fi hotspots will help make your
information accessible to everyone. T/F
6 It’s a good idea to always consider what
information you are sharing with everyone. T / F
5
10
Total: 100
Listening Grammar
1 Recording 13 Listen to a teacher talking about 3 Correct two mistakes in each sentence.
a school trip and complete the notes.
1 I told to her that I wanted becoming a doctor.
I told her that I wanted to become a doctor.
2 Were you hearing that loud noise the last night?
Visit to the Science Museum
Date: 1 27th May 3 If you will see them, what will you to say?
Coach leaves at: 2 a.m.
Museum opens: 10a.m. to 3 p.m.
1st guided tour at: 4 4 This museum has been designed from the
Name of Exhibition: Antenna architect Norman Foster in 2012.
Coffee break at: 5 a.m.
Number of themed galleries: 6 5 He’s the man who’s wife is a professor, isn’t she?
Recommended: Making the 7
World and The Secret Life of the Home
6 They explain that they had to leave immediately
Lunch in: 8 area at and promised calling us the following day.
12.30p.m.
IMAX film at: 1.15p.m.
Name of film: Space 9
5
2nd guided tour at: 2.45p.m.
Name of exhibition: 10
Forward 4 Complete the second sentence so that it means
the same as the first.
Free time: 3.45 to 11 p.m.
Home by: 8.00p.m. 1 We last saw each other six months ago.
We haven’t seen each other for six months.
2 There aren’t many nice places to eat here.
There are only
10 .
3 If sales don’t improve, I’ll lose my job.
Unless
2 Recording 13 Listen again and decide if the .
following sentences are true (T) or false (F). 4 They’re building a new factory near the river.
1 The teacher advises his students to be in A new factory
the car park by 7.30a.m. F .
2 The Wellcome Wing has exhibitions 5 She told him he shouldn’t smoke so much.
about modern art and science. She warned
3 The teacher recommends two permanent .
exhibitions on contemporary science. 6 I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.
4 The students will watch a film about daily I didn’t
life on the International Space Station. .
5 Fast Forward is an exhibition about how
5
Formula One technology is being adapted
for use in daily life.
6 The visit will end with a guided tour of 5 Complete the text with one word in each gap.
some interesting new galleries.
My feet love Spanish
5 As fellow language learners, you may understand if
I 1 tell you that I feel different when I speak
Spanish. While my ‘English’ self is calm and quiet,
my Spanish-speaking one is 2
complete opposite. When I open my mouth
3
express myself in this beautiful
language I 4 a different person:
10
10
Total: 100
7: 2 b) 3 a) 4 c) 5 b) 6 c) Unit test 10
8: 3 I didn’t realise you 4 Can you
1: 2 I’ll see you tomorrow
5 something wrong 6 sort it out
3 Do you like rock music?
7 I need to 8 you should
4 You must (have to) be home by
9 What should I 10 If I were
eleven.
11 Is it OK 12 Yes, of course
5 Why do you want to use my car?
Unit test 9 6 We can’t find our tickets for the
concert tomorrow.
1: 2 ’d/had gone, would have slept
2: 2 Jen said to/told Liz she might be
3 wouldn’t/not have missed, had
late coming back.
woken
3 Tim and Vic said they’d/would be
4 ’d/had been, would have gone
there at 9.30.
5 would’ve/have bought, ’d/had
4 Yuji asked Sue what she wanted to
passed
do that weekend.
6 hadn’t/not told, wouldn’t/not have
5 Li asked (us) if/whether we’d/had
got
met each other before.
7 would’ve/have met, ’d/had told
6 Tom’s father told him/said he
8 wouldn’t/not have sold, hadn’t/had
mustn’t use the internet for longer
not needed
than an hour a day.
9 would (we) have done, hadn’t/not
3: 2 to take 3 visiting 4 not to travel
helped
5 left 6 not to eat 7 ’d/would meet
10 hadn’t/not been, would’ve/have
8 to pay 9 tasted 10 to stay
gone 11 Would (she) have become,
11 would try
hadn’t/not studied
4: 2 standby 3 secondhand
2: 2 has been cancelled, will hold will
4 insulated 5 processed
be held
6 packaging
3 was murdered, is still enjoyed
5: 2 unbelievable 3 mispronounce
4 will be received will receive, shows
4 disability 5 overcooking
is being shown
6 renews 7 unethical
5 are being given, will choose will be
8 overweight 9 reusing
chosen
10 underestimated 11 misjudging
6 produce are produced, sent being
6: 2 a) 3 d) 4 e) 5 b) 6 f)
sent
7: 2 passports 3 gate 4 boarding
3: 2 movement 3 invention, spread
5 priority 6 check
4 discovery, point
8: 2 a) 3 b) 4 b) 5 c) 6 b) 7 a) 8
4: 2 a decade 3 age 4 fortnight
b) 9 c) 10 b) 11 c)
5 generations 6 era
5: 2 b) 3 c) 4 c) 5 a) 6 c)
6: 2 influential 3 creative
4 innovative 5 original
6 exemplary
7: 2 sure 3 definitely
4 remember/recall 5 forgotten
6 really 7 clue 8 hundred
9 certain 10 know 11 interesting
Achievement test 1 (Units 1–2) floods every year, but we’ve never
had one this bad before.’
1: 2 a) 3 c) 4 c) 5 b) 6 c)
This morning, people were going
2: 2F 3F 4T 5F 6T
back to their homes to start cleaning
3: suggested answers:
up. But around 50 homes were very
2 15 months old
badly damaged. It will be a long time
3 It was tied behind her back
before the owners can return to live in
4 It had been considered unlucky or
their homes.
culturally unacceptable
5 her left (one) Achievement test 2 (Units 3–4)
6 (about) 10% 1: 2 a) 3 c) 4 b) 5 a) 6 c)
4: 2 Does this bag belong 2: 2 Friday 3 rock ’n roll
3 are you seeing 4 ’d already 4 competitive, motivated 5 Tim
5 don’t contain 6 eats 7 just 6 a handbag
8 met 9 While 10 ’d 3: 2 e) 3 c) 4 f) 5 a) 6 d)
11 realised 4: 2 isn’t/is not going to be enough for
5: 2 a) 3 a) 4 c) 5 a) 6 a) 7 c) 8 c) six people.
9 c) 10 b) 11 c) 3 would play outside every day when
6: 2 d) 3 e) 4 a) 5 g) 6 f) 7 c) he was younger.
7: 2 accuracy 3 references 4 ought to wear a suit for the
4 employees 5 responsibility interview.
6 information 7 romantic 5 She’s/is unlikely to travel much in
8 psychological her new job.
8: 2 foreign 3 degree 4 purpose 6 Our business may (not) make a
5 hand 6 lunchtime 7 say 8 tell profit in the next six months.
9: 2 c) 3 b) 4 c) 5 b) 6 a) 5: 2 b) 3 b) 4 d) 5 c) 6 b) 7 c) 8 a
10: 2 h) 3 k) 4 j) 5 f) 6 g) 7 a) 8 b) 9 c) 10 b) 11 c)
9 d) 10 e) 11 c) 6: 2 out 3 in 4 against 5 until
11: 2 f) 3 b) 4 c) 5 a) 6 e) 6 of
12: 2F 3T 4F 5F 6T 7F 8F 9T 10T 7: 2 prioritise 3 distractions
11F 4 indecisive 5 communicator
13: 2 as soon as 3 By the time 6 competitive 7 responsiblity
4 take 5 Hope 6 hearing 8: 2 perhaps a 3 a hand 4 foot
14: (sample answer, headline 1: 127 5 recognise 6 wrong 7 fun
words) 8 jobs 9 remind 10 fired
More than 120 people were made 9: 2 a good point 3 think we should
homeless in the south west of 4 You’ve lost me 5 Why don’t we
England yesterday when floods 6 what you mean
destroyed their homes. 10: 2 f) 3 c) 4 e) 5 d) 6 b)
Heavy rain had fallen over the area 11: 2 b) 3 a) 4 a) 5 b) 6 b)
for three days. Homes and shops were 12: 2T 3T 4F 5F 6T
flooded and many people spent the 13: 1 Your dinner’s in the oven.
night in schools and local community 2 I’m going to the gym after work
centres. The emergency services tomorrow. Do you want to come?
rescued at least 60 people from their Can you call me?
homes and cars. 3 I’m sorry I can’t come out for
One unhappy shop keeper said ‘I dinner tonight. I’ve got to go to music
can’t open my shop. It’ll take me practice. I hope you enjoy the meal.
weeks to clean it and replace the I’ll see you later.
things that are broken. We have
14: (sample answer: 142 words) 6: 2 Have you decided where you’re
Dear Mr Dibbley getting married yet?
I am writing to you regarding the 3 Some scientists believe that nuclear
advertisement for cabin crew on power produces cleaner electricity.
space trips to the Moon. I would like 4 I’ll have to take my car to the
to submit an application for the post. garage as it needs fixing.
Please find my CV attached. 5 Have you tried switching your
I am 25 years old, single and in printer off and on again?
excellent health. For the last two 6 Don’t forget to take off your shoes
years, I have worked as a member of when you enter a temple. OR
the cabin crew of Fly Galaxy airlines. Don’t forget to take your shoes off
This has given me hands-on when you enter a temple.
experience of working with 7 Please call one of our engineers if
passengers, and helping them to relax you have any problems with the
and feel comfortable. I have always computer network.
been interested in space travel and 7: 2 investigation 3 question
used to dream of flying to the Moon 4 careful 5 reception 6 raise
when I was a girl. 7 do 8 lose
If you require any further 8: 2 Genetic 3 knowledgeable
information, or would like to arrange 4 profitable 5 hopeless
an interview, please call me on 284 6 frightened 7 satisfying
6735 or email me at 8 embarrassed
denta2001@odyssey.com. I look 9: 2 e) 3 d) 4 c) 5 a) 6 f)
forward to hearing from you at your 10: 2 e) 3 j) 4 k) 5 a) 6 f) 7 b) 8 h)
earliest convenience.
Yours sincerely, 9 c) 10 i) 11 g)
Martha Dent 11: 2 b) 3 b) 4 a) 5 c) 6 b) 7 b) 8
a)
Achievement test 3 (Units 5–6)
9 c)
1: 2 f) 3 h) 4 b) 5 g) 6 d) 12: 2F 3T 4F 5T 6T 7T 8F
2: 2T 3T 4F 5T 6F 13: 2 The most important advantage
3: 2 Travel the world 3 In addition 4 On the other hand
3 to own his own IT company 5 As far as I am concerned
4 Next Tuesday 6 Of course there are
5 Yes, he will get redundancy pay. 14: (sample answer: 154 words)
6 Plumbing One of the most memorable moments
4: 2 If you’ll call before 3.30, I’ll pick in my life was when I left for my
you up from work. university year abroad. On the day of
3 I think her children are a little bit my flight to Guatemala, my parents
younger as than yours. came with me to the airport to say
4 Chile has the dryest driest desert in goodbye. Although I had travelled a
the world, haven’t hasn’t it? lot in Europe, this was going to be the
5 If you don’t say tell him you need first time I had lived abroad or been
his help, he won’t know, did will he? to Central America. I had no idea of
6 If you could earned earn a lot more what life in Guatemala would be like
money for a slightly more work, for me, so it was exciting but
would you be happier? frightening at the same time. The
5: 2 b) 3 d) 4 a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 b) 8 actual moment that is the most
c) 9 d) 10 c) 11 b) memorable for me on this day is
when I had to say goodbye to my
PHOTOCOPIABLE © Pearson Education Limited 2015
Intermediate Tests answer key
9 e) 10 d) 11 j)
11: 2F 3T 4F 5T 6F 7T 8F 9
T
10 F 11 T
12: 2 b) 3 a) 4 c) 5 d) 6 b0
13: 2 He isn’t very reliable because he
never does what he promises to do
and he’s always late.
PHOTOCOPIABLE © Pearson Education Limited 2015
Intermediate Tests answer key
Woman: What’s the most embarrassing experience that ever happened to me?
Uhm … well … I can’t think of anything I can actually talk about! I
mean, they were such awful experiences, I don’t even want to think
about them. Anyway, other people’s stories are much funnier, I always
think, don’t you?
My brother, for example … he tells fantastic stories. He loves telling
stories – especially about himself – but he’s very good at it. I
remember one story he told me – about an embarrassing experience he
had. It made me laugh so much. It was the way he told it, with all the
gestures and everything. He doesn’t seem to mind people laughing at
him. I think he likes making people laugh – maybe that’s what it is.
Anyway, this story he told me – it happened quite a few years ago, I
think – five or six years at least. He was on holiday somewhere –
Spain, was it? No, no, Turkey. Yes, it was definitely Turkey. He was
there with his ex-wife. I think it was their last holiday together before
they split up. They separated five years ago.
Anyway, to get back to the story, Bob – that’s my brother’s name, by
the way – was walking on the beach alone one afternoon when he saw
this man trying to pull a boat out of the water. Apparently, it looked
quite heavy. So Bob wanted to help. He’s that sort of person – very
sociable. He likes talking to people, and doing things for them. So he
went up to this man and started using sign language … you know,
pointing to himself and to the boat, and miming pulling the boat out of
the water. He even said ‘Me help you, yes?’ in very simple, very bad
English … like baby talk – honestly! Of course, he thought the man
was local, you know, Turkish.
Well – this is the best part – the man looked at him for a moment and
said, ‘Thanks mate, but I can manage.’ He was English of course! My
brother felt so stupid, you can imagine – making a fool of himself, and
talking like Tarzan in the movies. I laughed so much, I couldn’t stop.
The best thing was that Bob laughed a lot, too. Great story …
1
Barbara: What are you doing tomorrow, Mike?
Mike: I’m not sure. We might go to the concert in the park in the afternoon.
Barbara: Good idea. I’m thinking of taking the kids there, too – or to the
cinema. It depends on the weather. Do you think it’s going to rain?
Mike: Unlikely, I think. They say it’s going to be quite a sunny day.
Barbara: Wonderful! So I’ll take a picnic then. Why don’t you and Susan join
us?
Mike: Sounds great. Thanks, Barbara.
2
Mum: John, have you finished doing your CV yet?
John: No, Mum. There’s plenty of time. I don’t have to send in the
application until Friday.
Mum: But it’s already Wednesday. And what about the covering letter?
John: Don’t worry. I’ll do it tomorrow.
Mum: I don’t think that’s a very good idea. You should start writing it now.
John: I can’t, Mum. I have to go to band practice at Philip’s place.
Mum: Oh, John! You’ll never get a job if you leave everything to the last
minute.
3
Grandmother: You look beautiful, Alice. Where are you going tonight?
Alice: A club in town, Gran. It’s salsa night.
Grandmother: Salsa? That sounds fun. You’re just like me when I was your age. I
used to love dancing.
Alice: I know, Gran. And you’re still great at dancing the rock ‘n’ roll!
Did you use to dance salsa in the 1960s?
Grandmother: No, we didn’t unfortunately. But we had all kinds of other weird
dances – the twist, the shake, the locomotion. There’d be a new
dance craze every week!
4
B1 = Businessman 1 B2 = Businessman 2
B1: So, first of all, what are we going to do about Ken?
B2: Well, the problem is that he’s not a risk-taker and he’s very indecisive.
B1: Yes, I’ve noticed that. He’s very hard-working but he can’t think
outside the box. We’ll have to find somebody else to do the job.
B2: Yes, I agree. We need a manager who’s more like Frank – competitive
and motivated.
B1: Yes, Frank would be an excellent manager. Why don’t we offer him
the job?
B2: In other words, we have to fire Ken?
B1: Exactly.
5
Maggie: What’s the matter, Dave?
Dave: The car won’t start! I’ve got a very important meeting with a customer
and I’m going to be late. I’ll have to call a taxi – it’ll cost a fortune!
Maggie: Calm down. I’m not starting work until 10 today so I’ll take you to the
station. You’ll probably get the 8.35 train – and you’ll be at the office
by 9.15.
Dave: OK, thanks Maggie. That would be great. But what should we do about
the car?
Maggie: I’ll call Tim at the garage. I’m sure he’ll come and look at it. Leave it
with me.
6
Amy: Hi Josh, it’s Amy.
Josh: Oh, hi Amy. How are things?
Amy: Fine, thanks – but you’re in hot water.
Josh: You’ve lost me. What have I done now?
Amy: Kate’s not very happy with you. You didn’t send her a card – or call
her.
Josh: A card? What for?
Amy: It’s her birthday!
Josh: Her birthday’s not until the 26th of May.
Amy: Right – and what day is it today?
Josh: Um, the 24th … 25th? Let me check on the calendar. Oh no, it’s the
26th! I didn’t realise it was today!
Amy: Right. So what are you going to do?
Josh: Well, I’ll phone her right now. And send her some flowers.
Amy: I think she’ll expect a bit more than that. Go out and buy her a nice
present, a handbag or something.
Josh: OK, OK, I’ll buy her a nice present and take it to her house.
Amy: That’s a much better idea. Bye, Josh!
Josh: Bye.
1
Narrator: Listen to Celine and Jim discussing space travel.
Celine: Have you read that article about space travel yet, Jim?
Jim: Yes, I read it last night. It was really interesting but I’m not sure I agree
with a lot of it. Do you really think that people will be living on the
moon in the next fifteen years? I think that’s crazy! Don’t you, Celine?
Celine: Perhaps you’re right – but I think humans will probably be living on
the moon in the next century. We’ll have to if the world’s population
keeps growing.
2
Narrator: Listen to Beth and Matt discussing the coming election.
Beth: So Matt, who do you think will win the election this time?
Matt: Well, I think it’s hard to say. All the parties seem alike and let’s face it
most people don’t believe anything most party leaders say any more. I
certainly don’t think one party is going to win. Our next government
will probably be a coalition – you know, a mix of different parties.
Beth: Do you really think so? I’m not so sure. The news said last night that
the People’s Party might win again but I don’t think that’s likely. Well,
not on their own. People want change, don’t they?
Matt: True, but I don’t think any of the smaller parties like Community First
Party will win. They just won’t get enough votes.
3
Narrator: Listen to Daniel and Kirsten discussing tomorrow’s tennis semi-
final.
Daniel: Hi Kirsten. Are you excited about going to the semi-finals tomorrow?
Kirsten: Oh yes Daniel, it’s going to be amazing to watch Kendal play Stark.
They’re both such competitive tennis players and they’ve both been
playing so well this year. Who do you think might win?
Daniel: Mmm… Well, it’s difficult to say. Perhaps Stark will. I mean, she has
won her last ten matches and hasn’t got any injuries at the moment.
She seems to be getting better and better every time she plays!
Kirsten: That’s true but she’s never beaten Kendal before, so I’m going to go
for Kendal…
1
Narrator: Linda
Linda: Which appliance could I live without? Well, actually, that’s not so
difficult to answer. I’ve just bought a new flat and it has the most
beautiful wooden floors everywhere. There isn’t one single piece of
carpet to clean! So you see, I don’t need a vacuum cleaner any more!
Great, isn’t it? In fact, I’m trying to get rid of my old one. It’s not even
that old really. I bought it a year ago and it’s only slightly scratched.
You don’t need one, do you?
2
Narrator: James
James: What could I live without? Mmm, most of these appliances are
essential really, aren’t they? I couldn’t possibly live without a fridge or
washing machine – they’re the most important things. If I have to
choose, I suppose I’d say the dishwasher. I do have one actually – but I
live alone and eat out a lot, so I hardly ever use it. It’s the least
important appliance in my house.
3
Narrator: Katie
Katie: I don’t think I could live without any of them really. They’re all as
important as each other. I couldn’t possibly live without the fridge, for
example. If I didn’t have one, life would be unbearable. I eat a lot of
organic food and it’s more difficult to keep fresh. I also have to do
quite a bit of entertaining at home – because of my job – so the fridge
is nearly always full. I suppose the least important item would be the
iron. Yes, I could live without that. I never iron sheets and towels, or
T-shirts – that sort of thing. I take all my other clothes to the dry
cleaner’s. In fact, I can’t remember the last time I used the iron.
4
Narrator: Charles
Charles: Well, I definitely couldn’t live without the microwave! I’m the worst
cook in the world – absolutely hopeless. I couldn’t boil an egg if I
tried. I buy pre-packaged food from the supermarket and just pop it
into the microwave when I get home. It’s the quickest, easiest way of
cooking ever invented. So if I have to choose one thing I could live
without, it would have to be the oven, wouldn’t it?! My flat’s got the
biggest oven you’ve ever seen – far bigger than most people would
ever need. But I’ve never used it, not once.
5
Narrator: Victoria
Victoria: I’ve got three young boys under the age of ten, so you can imagine, it’s
hard to say which appliance is less important than any other. I use the
washing machine every day – sometimes twice if the kids have been
playing football and they come home covered in mud! When I think
about my grandmother – she used to do all her washing by hand in the
old days – with four children! It’s the worst thing you can ever
imagine, isn’t it?! But if I had to choose, I suppose it would be the
toaster – that I could live without, just about. I’ve got a good grill in
my oven so I could make toast with that.
6
Narrator: Margaret
Margaret: Well, I’m a cook – a professional cook. I give classes at home so my
oven is my livelihood – the most essential thing in my life. I couldn’t
possibly live without it, could I? I sometimes have ten people in my
kitchen. The classes for single men are by far the most popular. You
wouldn’t believe how many of them want to learn to cook these days.
They’ve got tired of eating processed food and takeaways. They want
healthier food, don’t they? So the dishwasher is also a necessity –
there’s always piles of washing up to do afterwards. But the one thing I
can easily live without is a microwave. In fact I don’t have one – and
wouldn’t use it if you gave me one! It encourages people to eat pre-
prepared food and makes them lazy, don’t you think?
1
Narrator: Listen to two conversations about what people might do in
different situations.
Nina: Hi Jeremy. You look happy. What’s going on?
Jeremy: You’ll never guess what, Nina. My cousin Declan’s just won one point
five million euros on the Euro lottery.
Nina: A million euros! Wow! If I won that kind of money, I know what I’d
do. I’d travel the world and visit as many countries as I could!
Jeremy: Really? I wouldn’t. I mean, I might go on a cruise or a holiday to
somewhere exotic but I think I’d prefer to use the money to do
something more long-term like set up my own business. You know,
I’ve always wanted to run my own IT company…
2
Emilia: Hi Henry. Are you okay? You look a bit worried.
Henry: Hi there, Emilia. Sorry, I’ve just had some bad news.
Emilia: Oh really? What’s happened?
Henry: Well, I might not have a job in a week’s time. My boss told me that the
company needs to cut costs and that some of us will have to go. They
said they’re going to tell us who next Thursday, I mean, Tuesday.
Emilia: But you’ve been working for them for years! What are you going to
do?
Henry: Well, if I get made redundant they’ll have to give me some money for
the years I have worked for them – you know, redundancy pay to help
me while I find a new job –then I think I’ll go back to college.
Emilia: Really? What would you study?
Henry: Well, I’ve always been interested in doing something more practical,
like furniture making or pottery, but actually, I think I’d train to
become a plumber and do a plumbing course.
Emilia: That’s a good idea. Have you contacted the local college? …
1
Alice: So how are you settling in, Lynne?
Lynne: Fine. It’s weird living in a small country village after the bright lights
of the city, but everybody’s made us feel really welcome.
Alice: What, they’re bringing you homemade cakes and inviting you for
coffee mornings?
Lynne: Not exactly, thank goodness. I haven’t got time for coffee mornings!
But the neighbours next door invited us for lunch last Sunday. It was a
lovely day so we ate in the garden. It was all very relaxing and
informal. They’re very nice people.
Alice: Do you have much in common?
Lynne: Well, they play golf – so Harry was very happy about that!
2
Jim: I need your advice, Bill.
Bill: OK. How can I help?
Jim: Well, it’s about Jack, really.
Bill: Jack? How did he get on with his A Levels, by the way?
Jim: Great. He got an A and two Bs.
Bill: Very good. So he could go to any university he chooses.
Jim: That’s exactly the point. He’s not sure he wants to go to university.
Bill: Oh, why’s that?
Jim: Well, you know he’s got a real aptitude for building and mending
things – especially engines.
Bill: Yes, so he should study engineering.
Jim: I know. But he’s not brilliant at maths. He wants to be a car mechanic.
Bill: In my view, that would be a mistake, Jim. You need qualifications
nowadays.
Jim: But you don’t have any qualifications, Bill – and you’re a millionaire!
But what I wanted to ask you was – could Jack do an apprenticeship in
one of your garages?
3
Dennis: Hi Jo, where are you going in such a hurry?
Jo: Oh, hi Dennis! I need to get to the travel agent’s before they close.
Dennis: Going on holiday?
Jo: Sort of. Yes, my sister’s getting married in Sydney in March so we
thought we’d combine it with a holiday.
Dennis: Aren’t you online at home?
Jo: Yes, we are. Why?
Dennis: You could book it all online.
Jo: Oh, no. I like to talk to a real person. There are usually so many
options. And we want to stop over somewhere on the way – Hong
Kong or Dubai, we’re not sure.
Dennis: Yes, I know what you mean. But you’d be surprised how quick and
easy it is online, especially if you use one of those travel sites like
Expedia or Travelocity. It’s worth a try. And you can get very cheap
deals.
Jo: Really? Better than the travel agent’s?
Dennis: Usually, yes.
Jo: OK, I’ll have a look tonight. So let’s go for a drink now and catch up,
shall we?
4
Elizabeth: Where have you been, James? Haven’t seen you for ages.
James: Hi Elizabeth. Yes, I just got back from Cairo. I do quite a lot of
business there.
Elizabeth: Really? Funnily enough, I’m off to Cairo in a couple of weeks to see
my daughter, Alex. She’s been studying Arabic there.
James: Oh, that sounds interesting.
Elizabeth: Yes, she’s staying with a local family. I’d like to take them a present or
something. Any tips?
James: Well, if you’re invited to their home for dinner, take some really nice
chocolates. Not flowers though – they’re only for weddings.
Elizabeth: Oh, that’s useful to know. Anything else?
James: Well, they love it if you have second helpings. But if you’ve had
enough to eat, leave a small bit of food on your plate. Otherwise they’ll
keep filling it up!
Elizabeth: Thanks for the warning!
5
Tom: Have you got Matt’s phone number, Vicky?
Vicky: Sorry, Tom – it’s on my mobile, but that’s at work. I forgot to put it in
my bag.
Tom: But don’t you remember the number?
Vicky: No, of course not!
Tom: But you’ve been going out with Matt for six months – and calling him
several times a day. Surely you know his number by now.
Vicky: Why should I? I always use my mobile. Anyway, I’m hopeless at
remembering numbers.
Tom: Haven’t you written it down somewhere?
Vicky: Yes….but I can’t remember where. Oh, come on, Tom! You’re not
much better. You couldn’t remember your car number plate last week!
Tom: That’s because it’s a new car. You borrowed it – and then forgot where
you parked it! Remember?!
6
Headteacher: Hello, John. Hi, Barbara. Thank you for coming at such short notice.
It’s just that I wanted to discuss something with you before the
parents’ meeting next week.
John: Is it about the bullying of students on the social networking sites?
Barbara: Yes, I’ve heard about that, too. The mother of one of my students
asked me what we’re going to do about it.
Headteacher: Exactly, Barbara. We need to discuss our options. What do you
think we can do? John?
John: Well, in my view, it’s the parents’ responsibility to monitor their
children’s use of these sites.
Barbara: I must say I agree with John. I do think that we should make sure
students aren’t bullying each other at school, but I don’t see how we
can control what they do at home – on their computers.
Headteacher: Yes, but for me, there is a connection between the two. Let me give
you an example …
1
I’ve lived in this village for most of my life and it’s always been a lovely place to live.
Everyone’s really friendly and there’s a real sense of community. My neighbour is
wonderful and now that I’m in my eighties it’s good to know that she is there if I need
her. She’s always been really helpful but now I can’t get around so easily, her
assistance makes all the difference to me. I’m still very independent so I don’t need
much help but every week she asks me what shopping I need and gets it for me.
That’s what I think makes a good neighbour.
2
I’ve been quite lucky with this flat. Some of my friends say their neighbours keep
them awake all night with their loud music but here, it’s pretty quiet and everyone
keeps themselves to themselves. I like that. I’m a private person so I don’t want nosy
neighbours who always want to know your business. That to me is the key difference
between a good and bad neighbour.
3
It was only when it started getting warmer that the problems with our neighbours
started. The first time I nearly got hit by a ball when gardening, I thought it was an
accident and returned it to our neighbours. But after politely asking three or four times
for them to stop their children throwing things over the fence, I got really fed up. I
knew the children were doing it on purpose but their parents didn’t care. It didn’t feel
safe to sit in the garden and it certainly wasn’t relaxing. We’ve since moved and now
have the perfect neighbours. They’re really good parents and it’s a joy to hear the
children playing next door. Sometimes you hear them get told off when they get too
noisy and I know for sure that if a ball did happen to land in our garden, it would be
an accident and they would apologise.
4
We decided to move to the Brecon Hills community because we feel strongly about
being part of something where other people’s values match ours. We strongly believe
that neighbours should share and work together, and one of the things we love about
this community is that we have weekly meetings to sort out any problems and to
discuss what improvements can be made. This week we’re going to be discussing how
we can collectively home school our children.
5
I remember when I was a student I lived in a really noisy house once. It was divided
into two flats and I lived in the top floor one, with three flatmates. The guy who lived
downstairs wasn’t the ideal neighbour, that’s for sure! He played really loud music
and often played his electric guitar until the early hours. It wasn’t too bad for me as a
first-year student, but my housemate downstairs had a job, so he was always getting
annoyed about being woken up. Now that I’m working, I really appreciate the fact
that I have good neighbours on both sides of me. They never play loud music late
during the week and I don’t even know if they’re in most of the time. I feel very
fortunate.
6
I think my neighbour is amazing. He’s just the kind of person you want to live next to.
I mean, just last week I had problems with my boiler and I had to call someone out to
repair it. The problem was, I couldn’t get time off work, so it was getting a bit
stressful trying to organise when they could come out. Fortunately, when I mentioned
this to my retired neighbour, Frank, he offered to help and said that if I gave him my
key and told him when the appointment was, he’d make sure he was at home and
could let the plumber into my place. I wouldn’t normally give my key to anyone but
over the fifteen years I’ve been living here, Frank has always been someone I know I
can trust. I think that makes the world of difference when it comes to having good
neighbours.
Will: Suzi, you know Oxford well, don’t you? I need your help.
Suzi: Really? What is it, Will? Nothing wrong I hope?
Will: No, no, no, of course not. It’s just that Ruth’s fortieth is coming up
soon and I want to take her somewhere really nice for dinner. The
trouble is, I don’t know where. Can you suggest somewhere nice?
Suzi: Yeah, well there are loads of great places. What sort of food were you
thinking – French, Italian?
Will: Yes, we like Italian. But somewhere with a nice atmosphere,
something a bit different, maybe? You know Ruth. She loves to try
different kinds of food when she gets the chance.
Suzi: How about Moroccan? Does she like Moroccan food?
Will: Yes – yes, she does. We went to Marrakesh for a few days, years ago,
and I remember loving the lamb tagines. But I didn’t know there was a
Moroccan restaurant in Oxford?
Suzi: Oh, yes. The Oasis Café Bar. It’s quite well known nowadays – and
very popular.
Will: Where is it then? I’ve never seen it.
Suzi: It’s in the centre of town, at number three, South Lane.
Will: Three South Lane … Oh yes, I know where you mean. What’s it like?
Suzi: Lovely. The décor’s really authentic – the walls are decorated with
traditional mirrors and lamps, and Moroccan paintings. And in the
evening, you eat by candlelight, so the atmosphere’s really relaxing,
and romantic!
Will: Sounds brilliant. It must be expensive though.
Suzi: You’d be surprised. The prices are quite reasonable, considering how
delicious the food is.
Will: What do you call ‘reasonable’?!
Suzi: Well, they serve an early dinner from five to seven. You get two
courses and a glass of house wine for £13.75 – which is amazing value.
But it’s a bit early – and it’s usually crowded with people who are
going to the theatre at half past seven.
Will: Yes. That’s much too early for us. What about later?
Suzi: Well, they do a two course late dinner for £17.95, not including wine.
But if you don’t want to eat so much, you can choose any dish you
want from the menu. The tagines are great for sharing.
Will: What kind do they have?
Suzi: Oh, loads! Apart from the classic lamb tagines, they do wonderful fish
ones, and a lemon chicken one. And they do vegetable couscous, of
course.
Will: Mmm, I love couscous.
Suzi: Me, too. They specialise in dishes from Marrakech. Apparently, the
recipes they use were handed down from the owner’s grandmother –
she came from Marrakech.
Will: Really? How marvellous!
Suzi: Yes, their speciality dish is something called ‘bastilla’. It’s a sort of pie
made with filo pastry, filled with chicken and almonds, and they
sprinkle sugar and cinnamon on the top.
Will: Right, I already know what I’m going to have! Should I reserve a
table?
Suzi: Yes, especially if you’re going at the weekend.
Will: OK. I’ll do it now. Have you got the number?
Suzi: Hang on. It’s on my mobile. It’s 01865 966437.
Will: 01865, um… can you repeat the last bit?
Suzi: Yeah, 966437.
Will: 966437. Right, here goes.
1
Jo: Have you ever had your family tree done, Marta?
Marta: Yes, I have. And you, Jo?
Jo: Yes, I’ve just had it done. Fascinating! I discovered that one of my
ancestors had been a minister for King Charles the second in the
seventeenth century. Now I’m thinking of having a DNA test.
Marta: Whatever for?
Jo: Because it could be very exciting! I know my family originally came
from France. But who knows, I might be fifty percent Native
American, or fifteen percent sub-Saharan African!
Marta: In my opinion, it doesn’t really matter, does it? You know your family
history and where your ancestors came from. The rest is a waste of
money!
2
Woman: Did you see the news about the big earthquake?
Man: Yes, isn’t it awful?
Woman: It reminds me of when I was in Argentina – when they had that big
earthquake in Chile.
Man: Really? What happened?
Woman: Well, I was in a hotel in a small town just over the border from Chile. I
woke up in the middle of the night because the bed was moving
around.
Man: I don’t believe it! What did you do?
Woman: I didn’t know what to do. They say you should get under a table or
something, and not go outside – but I was so scared, I started putting
on my clothes.
Man: What happened next?
Woman: By the time I got dressed, the floor had stopped moving. Then I
switched on the TV and saw there’d been a very big earthquake on the
other side of the Andes Mountains in Chile.
3
Man: Did you read that article about stress, Ella?
Ella: Oh, the one in the local newspaper?
Man: No, not that paper. It was in the Sunday News yesterday. Anyway, it
was really interesting and said that if you’re stressed, you should
laugh, as it’ll help lower your stress levels and make you feel more
relaxed.
Ella: Really? Well, that’s a nice idea in theory but can you imagining it
actually working? I mean, if you are having a stressful day, then it’s
going to be hard to find a reason to laugh – don’t you think?
Man: I guess so – and other people might get confused too. They might not
understand why you’re laughing and be surprised or worried about
your behaviour. But I can understand why you might feel better. Don’t
you think it would feel good to laugh when you’re stressed?
Ella: Maybe – I just can’t imagine what my boss would think! I’m sure she
would get annoyed. I can just imagine the scene…
4
Nate: Do you remember your first job?
Jane: That’s a strange question, Nate. Why do you ask?
Nate: Well, I was just thinking about my first job and how different it is to
what I’m now doing.
Jane: Oh, I see – and what did you used to do then?
Nate: Well, you might not believe me but I was a traffic attendant.
Jane: Really? You mean you used to put parking tickets on people’s cars if
they parked in the wrong place or didn’t buy a ticket?
Nate: Yes, that was me. I wasn’t very popular with the motorists, that’s for
sure, but it was fun. Well, apart from when it was raining or really
cold. Then I hated it! What about you?
Jane: Well, please don’t laugh … but I used to work at the make-up counter
of King’s Department Store in town.
Nate: Really? I can’t imagine you doing that. You don’t even wear make-up!
How did you get that job?! …
5
Customer: Excuse me.
Sales assistant: Yes, madam? How can I help you?
Customer: Could you tell me which dishwasher is better? This smaller one,
or that bigger one?
Sales assistant: They’re both very good, madam. But I think the smaller one is
slightly more expensive.
Customer: Really? The smaller one should be cheaper, shouldn’t it?
Sales assistant: I’m not sure, madam. Would you mind waiting a minute while I
go and check?
Customer: Of course not.
Sales assistant: I’m sorry to keep you waiting, madam, but our computer’s
crashed.
Customer: Do you mean to say you don’t have a price list?
Sales assistant: I’m afraid not, madam. All the prices are on the computer. I’ll
have to wait until they sort it out. Could you come back in half an
hour?
Customer: I’m afraid I can’t. I’m having a big dinner party for thirty people
tonight and I need a new dishwasher now!
6
Alice: Have you seen these new self-parking cars that are now for sale,
George?
George: Sure. They look interesting but who needs one really?
Alice: Well, I think a lot of people do and because it means you can park your
car in a smaller space, surely, that’s better too.
George: I’m not sure about that. Why?
Alice: Think about it. There are more cars on the road now and that’s unlikely
to change so it’s better if we use parking spaces more effectively.
We’ll save space that way.
George: I guess so but I still don’t see why people can’t park their cars
themselves.
Alice: Oh no, don’t say that. Don’t you remember when mum used to ask
strangers to park the car for her?
George: Yes, but she doesn’t do that anymore.
Alice: Exactly! And you know why, don’t you? She bought one of those self-
parking cars!
Narrator: Listen to Huw Jones talking about a healthcare project he’s helped
set up in Africa.
Huw: The project I’ve come here to talk to you about today is the ‘Virtual
Doctors’ project. It’s a project we set up in Zambia in 2007 when we
first came up with the idea of creating mobile health clinics for rural
areas.
Two-thirds of Zambia’s population of fourteen million live in rural
areas, but two-thirds of the country’s one thousand six hundred doctors
live in towns and cities. On top of this, most rural healthcare centres
are under-equipped and are often days away from where many rural
people live.
As people mostly rely on walking or cycling as a means of transport,
what this means is that health problems which can easily be treated,
can become much more serious – even life-threatening. So, we wanted
to find ways to provide healthcare to really isolated areas, and we
started thinking outside the box.
We were sure that modern technology could help us and this led us to
develop the idea of telemedicine, which we tested out in 2011. Our
concept of telemedicine made good use of satellite technology.
We used a mobile broadband network to connect a doctor based in
New York with a healthcare centre in the rural district of Kafue in
Zambia. The trial was so successful that we increased the number of
Virtual Doctors and created a network so they could connect to six
different rural healthcare centres.
As this ambitious project continues to grow with the help of the
Ministry of Health, more and more people living in isolated areas of
Zambia will gain much needed access to healthcare. We are working
with the National Training College and are also developing our own
computer software that will help develop the telemedicine service
further…
Teacher: Good morning everybody. Before we start the class today, I need to
give you some information about our field trip on the twenty-seventh
of May – next Friday, in fact. As you know, we’re spending the day at
the amazing Science Museum in London. The coach will pick us up in
the school car park. We’ll leave at eight o’clock so plan to be here at
least fifteen minutes before that – 7.45 at the latest. You’d better set
your alarms for 6.30, OK?
Our visit’s been confirmed by the museum and I’ve just received the
itinerary and information about the activities they’ve organised for us.
If you’ve visited the Science Museum before, you’ll know that it’s
enormous and we can’t possibly see everything in one day. You may
want to take some notes now – though I’ll also put the info on the class
website later on.
The museum opens from 10a.m. to 6p.m. If all goes well, we hope to
arrive by 10.15 latest, when we’ll have our first guided tour of the day
– there are two, by the way. If you read the newspaper last Sunday,
you’ll have seen the article about the re-opening of the Wellcome
Wing last week.
It now has three state-of-the-art galleries, which deal only with
contemporary science. We’re going to have a guided tour of one of
them – an exhibition called Antenna, which is about how the latest
scientific discoveries could change our lives. You’ll also have the
opportunity to give your opinions about the latest ideas. Remember,
the museum has lots of hands-on multimedia stuff so you won’t get
bored – I’m sure you’ll find it fascinating.
Then at eleven o’clock we’ll have a coffee break and you’ll be free to
visit the permanent exhibitions until 12.30. There are twenty galleries
with different themes so you’ll only have time to see two or three
properly. If I were you, I wouldn’t miss the one called Making the
Modern World – which is marvellous. It shows the development of the
modern industrial world in a really entertaining and creative way.
Also watch out for The Secret Life of the Home. It’s great fun and
you’ll be amazed by all the gadgets people used to use in the house –
and will use in the future!
Then it’s lunchtime. We’ve ordered a picnic from the café, which we’ll
eat in the ‘picnic area’ on the first floor. We’ll all meet up there at
12.30 so don’t be late – we have to go to the cinema at 1.15! Yes, but
not an ordinary cinema – an IMAX 3D cinema! At quarter past one,
we’re booked to have a 3D experience called Space Station. You’ll
blast off into space with astronauts from the USA and Russia, and
experience life on the International Space Station, two hundred and
twenty miles above Earth. How does that sound?
Great. OK, then we have our second guided tour at 2.45 – quarter to
three – to see one of the special temporary exhibitions called Fast
Forward. It’s about twenty ways that Formula One technology is being
used in our hospitals, homes and work places. For example, the
materials and machines they’ve developed for the Formula One cars
are now being used to make racing bikes, and sophisticated machines
to monitor hospital patients. The tour should take about an hour – until
3.45. And I’m pleased to tell you that you’ll then be free for the rest of
the afternoon! You’ll be able to go back to any galleries you’re
particularly interested in, or see something new. We’ll leave the
Museum at half past five so tell your parents you should be home by
8p.m.
I think that’s all for now. Oh, one last thing, check out the Science
Museum website before we go. The more you read about it, the more
interesting the visit will be.