UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, Los Angeles ARCHITECTURAL DATA

Master of Building Science Program

Skybridges : Center line Span - 191 feet
ARCH 613 : Structures Research Overall Width - 17 feet
Overall Height - 31 feet
Length of Supports - 169 feet
Total Weight - 720 tons

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Exterior Cladding : Horizontal Ribbons of
TOWERS Vision Glass and Stainless Steel Spandrel
Panels

A study by,
Foundation : Two Raft Foundations, 15 feet thick,
Jonathan Tedjakusuma each containing 13,000 cu meters of Grade 60
Concrete which weighs approximately 32,350 T
Gautam R Shenoy
with 208 Barrette Piles (rectangular section piles,
First Year M.B.S 9x4 feet, varying from 197 feet to 380 feet deep)
Fall 2001 Term Project

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FACT SHEET ARCHITECTURAL DATA

uFoundation :
Two Raft Foundations, 15 feet thick,
each containing 13,000 cu meters of
Grade 60 Concrete which weighs
approximately 32,350 T with 208
Barrette Piles (rectangular section
piles, 9x4 feet, varying from 197 feet
to 380 feet deep)
uArchitect : Cesar Pelli & Associates
uThe perimeter diaphragm wall :
uLocation : Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 ft 6 in thick
uStructural Engineer : Thornton-
Thornton-Tomasetti uStructure :
Engineers, NY & A core and Cylindrical tube Frame
Ranhill Bersekutu System, constructed entirely of Cast in
Sdn. Bhd., Kuala place, high strength concrete (Up to
Lumpur Grade 80)
uMEP Engineers : Flack + Kurtz, New York, uFloor framing at Tower Levels :
USA; KTA Tenaga Sdn. Bhd., Concrete Fill on composite steel floor
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia deck and composite rolled steel
framing
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ARCHITECTURAL DATA PLANNING ANALYSIS

uVertical Transportation :
uHeight of the Towers : 1,482.6 feet Double deck and Sky Lobby
(above street level) systems. Floors 8 to 37 are served by
uNumber of Floors : 88 (occupiable) 2 banks of 6-
6-
1600/1600kg double deck
uGross Building Area : 2.3 million sqft. elevators. Floors 44 to 83 are
(each tower) served by 1
uHeight of the Pinnacle : 241 feet bank of 6-
6-1600/1600kg, and
2 banks of 3-
3-1600/1600kg double deck
uSize of floor plate (gross) : elevators. Skylobbies (Floor 41 to
Lower Floors - 28,239 sqft ; 42) are served by 5-
Upper Floors - 22,490 sqft to 10,000 sqft 2100/2100kg double deck
uTypical floor to floor height : 13 feet 2 inches shuttle elevators.

uFinished Ceiling Height : 8 feet 8 inches

uRaised Floor : 5 inches (Floor 8 to Floor 72)
uSkylobby : Levels 41 and 42
(includes, Conference Center,
Dining Facilities and a prayer room)

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 PLANNING ANALYSIS CASE ANALYSIS

uFloor Planning : The Floor plan design was originated from the BASE CASE : What are the Steel Sections used ?
ancient Islamic forms of eight-
eight-pointed stars and decorative motifs.
When viewed in plan, the towers appear as two overlapping
squares-
squares-interlocking heaven and earth - to create an eight-
eight-pointed W24 x 131 (Beam)
star, which is further refined with half circle between the star
points. Tube Section 1(Column)

uExterior facade : The exterior facade is made from glass, W24 x 306 (Beam)
aluminum and stainless steel panels which brings a tremendous Tube Section 3 (Column)
light effect from the sun light and it changes on different time of
days and months throughout the year.
W24 x 207(Beam)
Tube Section 2 (Column)

W24 x 408 (Beam)

Tube Section 4 (Column)
Tube Section 5 (Column)
- On the last 5 floors

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CASE ANALYSIS CASE ANALYSIS

To Study the Structure, analyze the Structural members W24 x 131 (Beam)
and suggest changes, certain assumptions had to be
made. The following were the assumptions:

uThe Structure was treated as a Complete Steel Frame instead

of its composite nature
uThe Type was Moment Frame
uThe Section types used are Tubular and ‘I’ Beams

uFor Analysis two Floors were treated as One and the structure
was studied
uThe Gravity Load is calculated as 4.9 kips/ft

uThe Lateral Load is calculated as 16.2 kips/ft

uthe total number of floors is 42

uTapering occurs at 21st,
21st, 31st and 37th floors

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CASE ANALYSIS CASE ANALYSIS

Tube Section 1(Column) - Super Petro 5
The analysis was divided into the following parts :

The first case is where in the structure was detailed in Multi

Frame 4D and Analyzed
uThe second case is where in Belt Trusses were added to the
structure and then it was analyzed in Multi Frame again
uThe third case is analysis by reducing the size of members as
the belt truss affects the system
uAll the cases were studied and notes were made on the
DEFLECTION, STRESSES IN MEMBERS, RATIOS OF
DEFLECTION TO HEIGHT
uThe comparisons show how the addition of Belt Trusses can
affect the cost factor as well stability of the structure
uEach case will be discussed in the following slides

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 CASE ANALYSIS CASE ANALYSIS
W24 x 207(Beam) Tube Section 3 (Column) - Super Petro 3

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CASE ANALYSIS CASE ANALYSIS

Tube Section 2 (Column) - Super Petro 4 W24 x 408 (Beam)

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CASE ANALYSIS CASE ANALYSIS

W24 x 306 (Beam) Tube Section 4 (Column) - Super Petro 2

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 CASE ANALYSIS CASE ANALYSIS
Tube Section 5 (Column) - Super Petro 3n
Step 3 - Stresses at the Second Offset (Continued)

Stress for Inner Column Stress for Inner Beam

= 12.390 ksi (Floor 29) = 18.107 ksi (Floor 30)

Step 4 - Stresses at the Third Offset

Note: The Beams used in this area are W24 x 408 Stress for Outermost Beam Stress for Inner Column
= 6.743 ksi (Floor 37) = 11.557 ksi (Floor 37)

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CASE ANALYSIS CASE ANALYSIS

The analysis was conducted and the following Stresses have Step 4 - Stresses at the Third Offset (Continued)
been Recorded for EXISTING CASE

Step 1 - Stresses at the Bottom

Stress for Central Beam Top

= 9.588 ksi (Floor 37) Portion

Stress for Bottom Beam Stress for Bottom Column

= 14.557 ksi (Floor 01) = 19.477 ksi (Floor 01) Step 5 - Stresses at the Top
Step 2 - Stresses at the First Offset

Stress for Top Beam Stress for Outer Column

Stress for Outermost Beam = 7.447 ksi (Floor 42) = 7.020 ksi (Floor 42)
= 10.473 ksi (Floor 21)

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CASE ANALYSIS CASE ANALYSIS

Step 2 - Stresses at the First Offset (Continued)
ANALYSIS FOR CASE 1

uFloor to Floor height - 20 feet

uNumber of floors - 42
uOverall Height - 840 feet
Stress for Inner Beam
Stress for Outermost Column uOffset at Each Level - 6 feet on either side
= 9.617 ksi (Floor 20) = 4.743 ksi (Floor 21)
uDeflection - 27.912 inches (Y-
(Y-axis)
uDeflection - 02.133 inches (X-
(X-axis)
Step 3 - Stresses at the Second Offset

Deflection Ratio :

Ratio Along Y - Axis = 361.134 > 200

Stress for Outermost Beam = 17.883 ksi (Floor 30)

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 CASE ANALYSIS CASE ANALYSIS
Case 2 - Addition of three belt trusses Case 2 - Addition of three belt trusses

uThe belt trusses are added at Levels, 21, 30 and 37 37

uThe members used are XP12 sections with weight
of 65.477 LB/Ft
30
Stress for Middle Beam
= 6.988 ksi (Floor 42)
Stress for Edge Column
21 = 6.566 ksi (Floor 42) ANALYSIS FOR CASE 2

uFloor to Floor height - 20 feet

uNumber of floors - 42
uOverall Height - 840 feet
uOffset at Each Level - 6 feet on either side
uDeflection - 24.312 inches (Y-
(Y-axis)
uDeflection - 02.022 inches (X-
(X-axis)

Ratio Along Y - Axis = 414.610 > 200

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CASE ANALYSIS CASE ANALYSIS

Case 2 - Addition of three belt trusses Case 3 - Addition of One belt truss

Stress for Bottom Column Stress for Bottom Beam Stress for Bottom Column Stress for Bottom Beam
= 13.712 ksi (Floor 01) = 14.631 ksi (Floor 01) = 18.238 ksi (Floor 01) = 14.631 ksi (Floor 01)

21

Stress for Column under Stress for Beam under Stress for Column under Stress for Beam under
Truss = 9.366 ksi (Floor 21) Truss = 1.211 ksi (Floor 21) Truss = 9.228 ksi (Floor 21) Truss = 1.137 ksi (Floor 21)

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CASE ANALYSIS CASE ANALYSIS

Case 2 - Addition of three belt trusses Case 3 - Addition of One belt truss

Stress for Edge Column Stress for Beam under

= 8.590 ksi (Floor 30) Truss= 1.603 ksi (Floor 30) Stress for Edge Column Stress for Beam under
= 8.239 ksi (Floor 30) Truss= 1.598 ksi (Floor 30)

Stress for Column under Stress for Beam under Stress for Column under Stress for Beam under
Truss = 5.547 ksi (Floor 37) Truss = 2.961 ksi (Floor 37) Truss = 4.905 ksi (Floor 37) Truss = 2.576 ksi (Floor 37)

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 CASE ANALYSIS CASE ANALYSIS
Case 3 - Addition of One belt truss
Case 4 - Analysis of One belt truss
(Change the size of Members)

Stress for Edge Column Stress for Middle Beam

= 7.219 ksi (Floor 42) = 7.657 ksi (Floor 42) Stress for Bottom Column Stress for Bottom Beam
= 20.099 ksi (Floor 01) = 19.309 ksi (Floor 01)
ANALYSIS FOR CASE 3
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uFloor to Floor height - 20 feet
uNumber of floors - 42
uOverall Height - 840 feet
uOffset at Each Level - 6 feet on either side
uDeflection - 24.768 inches (Y-
(Y-axis)
uDeflection - 01.374 inches (X-
(X-axis)
Stress for Column under Stress for Beam under
Truss = 20.599 ksi (Floor 21) Truss = 17.234 ksi (Floor 21)
Ratio Along Y - Axis = 406.976 > 200

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CASE ANALYSIS CASE ANALYSIS

Case 4 - Analysis of One belt truss Case 4 - Analysis of One belt truss
(Change the size of Members)

I. After the cases 1,2 and 3, we realized that

addition of 3 Belt Trusses was not required since
the deflection varies only in terms of a few inches -
uDeflection - 24.312 inches (Y-
(Y-axis) for the case with Stress for Beam under
three belt trusses Stress for Edge Column Truss= 20.725 ksi (Floor 30)
= 15.899 ksi (Floor 30)
uDeflection - 24.768 inches (Y-
(Y-axis) for the case with
One belt trusses

II. Hence the next case which involves the

resizing of members and checks for stresses to
be within 22 Ksi, will be conducted on the Single
Belt Truss reinforced frame
Stress for Column under Stress for Beam under
Truss = 20.843 ksi (Floor 37) Truss = 19.898 ksi (Floor 37)

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Case 4 - Analysis of One belt truss CASE ANALYSIS CASE ANALYSIS

Case 4 - Analysis of One belt truss
(Sections used) Column D

Beam 1 ANALYSIS FOR CASE 4

Column C
uFloor to Floor height - 20 feet
Beam 2 uNumber of floors - 42
uOverall Height - 840 feet
Column B uOffset at Each Level - 6 feet on either side
uDeflection - 28.590 inches (Y-
(Y-axis)
Beam 3 uDeflection - 02.063 inches (X-
(X-axis)

Ratio Along Y - Axis = 352.570 > 2004

CONCLUSION :
• The use of a single Belt Truss provides enough resistance
• The size of all members can be reduced
• Yet, Stresses remain within the limit of 22 KSI
Column A • The deflection does change / increase by 3 inches in the new
structure, but material costs are greatly reduced
Beam 4
TABULATION OF VARIOUS MEMBER TYPES AND SIZES

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 CASE ANALYSIS
Comparison of Members - Old and New

Existing weight PSF = 71psf

Redesign Weight PSF = 65 psf

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