DOSAGE,

NAME OF TIMING & CLASSIFICATION INDICATIONS MECHANISM OF ACTION SIDE EFECTS NURSING
DRUG ROUTE CONSIDERATIONS
(ACTUAL)

Vancomycin Capsule Anti-infectives Treatment of potentially Inhibits the second stage of Common side effects Be sure to teach the patient
(Vancocin) 125mg life-threatening cell wall synthesis of ototoxicity; hypotension; the following about this
250mg infections when less susceptible bacteria. There is nausea; vomiting; medication:
toxic anti-infectives are also evidence that nephrotoxicity; rashes; Report signs of
Injectable contraindicated. vancomycin alters the eosinophilia; leukopenia; hypersensitivity, tinnitus,
solution Particularly useful in permeability of the cell phlebitis; back and neck vertigo, or hearing loss.
5mg/mL staphylococcal membrane and selectively pain; hypersensitivity Report iFs
infections, including inhibits ribonucleic acid reactions including there is no improvement in
Powder for Endocarditis, synthesis anaphylaxis; chills; fever; a few days. Heart patients
injection meningitis, red-man syndrome (with need to be taught
500mg osteomyelitis, rapid infusion); importance of using
750mg pneumonia superinfection antimicrobial prophylaxis
1g septicicemia, soft0tissue prior to invasive dental or
5g infections in patients medical procedures.
10g who have allergies to
penicillin or its
derivatives or when
sensitivity testing
demonstrates resistance
to methicillin.

ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN

 DRUG NAME DOSE MODE OF ACTION INDICATION & SIDE & ADVERSE NURSE RESPONSIBILITIES
CONTRAINDICTION EFFECT

Generic Name: 2.25g TIV  It is similar to that of Indication:
Piperacillin QID (q6) other penicillins.
Tazobactam Interfere with bacterial
cell wall synthesis
Contraindication:
Brand Name: promotes loss of
Piptaz membrane integrity and
leads to death of the
Functional Class: organism.
Antiinfective
 Tazobactam is an
Chemical Class: inhibitor of a wide
Penicillin variety of bacterial
beta–lactamases. It has
little antibacterial
activity itself; however,
in combination with
piperacillin
Side Effects:  Obtain history of hypersensitivity to
 Nosocomial  Diarrhea penicillins, cephalosporins, or other drugs
 Pneumonia  Nausea prior to administration.
 Vomiting  Lab tests: C&S prior to first dose of the drug;
start drug pending results.
 History of allergic
Adverse Effects:  Monitor hematologic status with prolonged
reactions to any of
 Agitation therapy (Hct and Hgb, CBC with differential
the penicillins,
 Bruising and platelet count).
cephalosporins, or
 Cough  Monitor patient carefully during the first 30
β-lactamase
min after initiation of the infusion for signs of
inhibitors.
hypersensitivity.

ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN

NAME OF DOSAGE, TIMING CLASSIFICATION INDICATIONS MECHANISM SIDE EFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
DRUG & ROUTE OF ACTION
(ACTUAL)
 Tramadol Immediate release: Central nervous Effective agent Centrally acting Tramadol is generally well  Assess type, location, and
(Ultram, Zydol) 50 to 100 mg orally system (cns) agent; for control of opiate receptor tolerated, and side effects are intensity of pain before and 2-3
every 4 to 6 hours moderate to agonist that usually transient. hr (peak) after administration.
as needed for pain Analgesic moderately inhibits the  Assess BP & RR before and
severe pain. uptake of Commonly reported side effects periodically during administration.
Maximum dose: 400 Narcotic (opiate) norepinephrine include nausea, constipation, Respiratory depression has not
mg per day agonist Tramadol and serotonin, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, occurred with recommended
inhibits reuptake suggesting both and vomiting. Less commonly doses.
Pain of opioid and reported side effects include  Assess bowel function routinely.
norepinephrine, nonopioid itching, sweating, dry mouth, Prevention of constipation should
Adult: PO 50–100 serotonin and mechanisms of diarrhea, rash, visual be instituted with increased
mg q4–6h prn (max: enhances pain relief. May disturbances, and vertigo. Some intake of fluids and bulk and with
400 mg/d), may serotonin produce opioid- patients who received tramadol laxatives to minimize constipating
start with 25 mg/d if release. It alters like effects, but have reported seizures. Abrupt effects.
not well tolerated, perception and causes less withdrawal of tramadol may  Assess previous analgesic history.
and increase by 25 response to pain respiratory result in anxiety, sweating, Tramadol is not recommended for
mg q3d up to 200 by binding to depression than insomnia, rigors, pain, nausea, patients dependent on opioids or
mg/d mu-opiate morphine. diarrhea, tremors, and who have previously received
Geriatric: PO 50–100 receptors in the hallucinations. opioids for more than 1 wk; may
mg q4–6h prn (max: CNS. cause opioid withdrawal
300 mg/d), may Management of symptoms.
start with 25 mg/d if moderate to
not well tolerated, moderately
and increase by 25 severe pain.
mg q3d up to 200
mg/d
Renal Impairment

ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN

 DOSAGE,
NAME OF ROUTE & MECHANISM INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE-EFFECTS DRUG TO DRUG NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
DRUG FREQUENCY OF ACTION INTERACTION

CEFTRIAXONE 100mg IVTT Bactericidal: Lowers Contraindicated with CNS: Headache,  Increased BEFORE:
every 12 hours Inhibits respiratory allergy to cephalosporins dizziness, lethargy neprotoxocity  Do Skin Testing into the
Classification: synthesis of infections or penicillins. with intradermal area
Antibiotic bacterial cell caused by Use cautiously with renal GI: Nausea, aminoglycosid  Protect Drug from light
Cephalosporin wall causing cell Streptococcus failure, lactation, vomiting, diarrhea, es  Do not mix ceftriaxone with
death. pneumonia, pregnancy anorexia, other antimicrobial drug
Staphylococcus pseudomembranou  Increase
Generic Name: aureus, s colitis bleeding DURING:
Ceftriaxone Haemophilus effects with  Use a separate syringe when
Sodium influenza, E. HEMATOLOGIC: oral giving this drug
coli, bone marrow anticoagulants  Have Vitamin K available in
Enterobacter depression – dec. case of hypoprothrombinemia
Brand Name: aerogenes. WBC, platelets, Hct  Disulfiram-like occurs
Rocephin reactions may
Intra-abdominal LOCAL: pain, occur if alcohol AFTER:
infections inflammation of IV is taken  Discontinue if hypersensitivity
caused by E.coli, Site occurs
Klebsiella  Monitor Blood levels in patients
pneumoniae OTHER: taking this drug
superinfections,
disulfiram-like
reaction with
alcohol
ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN
DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE REACTIONS NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
ACTIONS

Generic Name: Belongs to the class Inhibits both basal Duodenal and gastric Known hypersensitivity to Occasionally headache or  Assess underlying
of proton pump and stimulated gastric ulcer, moderate and any of the constituents of diarrhea. Isolated cases condition before
Pantoprazole inhibitors. acid secretion by severe reflux esophagitis. Pantoloc or of the of edema, blurred vision, therapy and
suppressing the final Eradication of H. pylori combination partners. fever, dizziness, thereafter to
Trade Name: step in acids inpatient with peptic Mild gastrointestinal thrombophlebitis, monitor drug
production, through ulcers, pathological hyper complaints eg, nervous depression or myalgia effectiveness.
Pantoloc the inhabitation of the secretory conditions. dyspepsia. subsiding after Assess GI
proton pump by Symptomatic improvement Pantoloc must not be used termination of therapy. symptoms:
binding to and and healing of mild reflux in combination treatment epigastric/abdomin
Patient Dose: inhibiting hydrogen- esophagitis. Prevention of for eradication of H. pylori al pain, bleeding
potassium adenosine gastro-duodenal ulcers in patients with moderate and anorexia.
40 mg 1 vial IV, triphosphatase, the induced by NSAID in to severe hepatic or renal Monitor for possible
after breakfast enzyme system patients at risk with a dysfunction drug induced
located at the need for continuous adverse reaction.
secretory surface of NSAID treatment.
the gastric parietal
cell.
 ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN
NAME OF DRUG / MECHANISM OF ACTION
CLASSIFICATION
I. Atorvastatin - LipitorSelectively and competitively
40mg inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, the
enzyme that catalyses the
II. Dyslipidaemic Agents conversion of HMG-CoA to produce
mevalonate. The reduction of
mevalonate production results to a
compensatory increase in the
expression of LDL receptors and
stimulation of LDL catabolism,
consequently lowering LDL-
cholesterol levels.
INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING CONSIDERATION
Reduction of risk of Hypersensitivity, active liver  Headache, flatulence,  Stress that atorvastatin is an
stroke and heart attack disease or unexplained diarrhoea, nausea, adjunct to and not a substitute for
in type 2 diabetes persistent elevations of vomiting, anorexia, low-cholesterol diet.
patients without serum transaminase, xerostomia,
evidence of heart porphyria, pregnancy, angioedema, myalgia,  Tell patient to take drug at the
disease but with other lactation. rash/pruritus, alopecia, same time each day to maintain
CV risk factors, and allergy, infection, its effects.
revascularization chest pain,
 Advise patient to notify prescriber
procedures in patients Thrombocytopenia.
immediately if he/she develops
without evidence of Rhabdomyolysis with
unexplained muscle pain,
coronary heart disease acuterenal failure
tenderness, or weakness,
(CHD) but with multiple
especially if accompanied by
risk factors other than
fatigue or fever.
diabetes. Patients with
CHD, to reduce risks of
MI, revascularization
procedures,
hospitalization for CHF,
and angina.
ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN
NAME OF DRUG INDICATION/ MECHANISM OF ACTION SIDE EFFECT/ NURSING CONSIDERATION
ADVERSE EFFECT
CONTRAINDICATION RATIONALE FOR PATIENT

 Assess Vital Signs

Generic Name: I: GERD, Erosive Esophagitis, Reduces Gastric Acid Secretion and  Dizziness,
Short-term treatment of Duodenal increases Gastric mucus and headache,  Check for abdominal Pain, emesis, Diarrhea
Omeprazole ulcer, Gastric Ulcer, Pathologic bicarbonate production, creating asthenia, or constipation.
hypersecretory Conditions, protective coating on gastric mucosa nausea,
Brand Name:  Evaluate fluid and intake
vomiting,
including Zollinger-Ellison and easing discomfort from excess
diarrhea,  Watch for elevated liver function test results
Omepron Syndrome, Frequent Heartburn gastric acid
constipation,  Tell patient to take 30-60 minutes before a
abdominal
Classification: meal, preferably in morning.
pain, back
pain, cough,  Instruct patient to swallow capsules or
Proton Pump Inhibitor C: Hypersensitivity to drug,
upper tablets whole and no to chew or crash
Hepatic Disease, Pregnancy,
respiratory them.
Children, Posterior Laryngitis, tract
Dosage:  Caution patient to avoid driving and other
infection,
1 Cap rash hazardous activities until he knows drug
effects concentration and alertness

Frequency:

2x/day
ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN

DRUG ORDER MECHANISM INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS OF NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES/

OF ACTION THE DRUG PRECAUTIONS

Generic Name: Anti- Short-term CNS:  Renal impairment, Impaired hearing,

inflammatory management of pain allergies, hepatic, Skin color and lesions,
Ketorolac Tromethamine and analgesic (up to 5 days) Contraindicated with headache orientation, reflexes, peripheral
activity; significant renal
Brand Name: dizziness, sensation, clotting times, CBC,
inhibits impairment, aspirin adventitious sounds
allergy, recent GI bleed or somnolence,
Toradol prostaglandins
and leukotriene perforation Use cautiously insomnia,  Be aware that patient may be at risk for
Classification: with impaired hearing; CV events, GI bleeding, renal toxicity,
synthesis
allergies; hepatic fatigue, monitor accordingly.
Anti-pyretic
conditions
dizziness  Keep emergency equipment readily
NSAID
available at time of initial dose, in case of
tinnitus,
Dosage: severe hypersensitivity reaction.
ophthalmologic effects
30mg (3 doses)

Route:

IVTT

Frequency:

Every 6 hours
 ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN

NAME OF GENERAL SPECIFIC ACTION ADVERSE INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

DRUG ACTION EFFECTS

Clindamycin ANTIBIOTIC; - inhibits bacterial CNS:  infections caused by  contraindicated in  Assess patients infection
protein synthesis by headache sensitive staphylococci, patients before and regularly
Anti- binding to 50S streptococci, hypersensitive to throughout therapy
infectives subunit of ribosome. CV: pneumococci, drug or lincomycin
Thrombophlebi bacteroides,  Before giving first dose, obtain
tis  use cautiously in specimen for culture and
fusibacterium,
clostridium perfringens, patients with renal or sensitivity test, begin therapy
- hinders or kills EENT:
and other sensitive hepatic disease, pending results.
susceptible bacteria. pharyngitis
aerobic and anaerobic asthma, history of GI
disease, or  Monitor renal, hepatic, and
GI: abdominal organisms.
significant allergies. hematopoetic functions during
pain,
 endocarditis prophylaxis prolonged therapy.
Anorexia, for dental procedures in  Be alert for adverse reactions
bloody or tarry patients allergic to and drug interactions
stools, penicillin
constipation,  acne vulgaris  If adverse gi reactions occurs,
diarrhea, monitor patients hydration.
dysphagia,  bacterial vaginosis
esophagitis,  Teach patient how to store
 pneumocystis jiroveci oral solution.
flatulence, (carinii) pneumonia
nausea,  Tell patient to take entire
psuedomembr  toxoplasmosis (cerebral amount prescribed even after
anus colitis, or ocular) he feels better.
unpleasant or immunocompromised
bitter taste, patients  Warn patient that i.m. injection
vomiting. may be painful

GU: UTI  Instruct patient to report

diarrhea and to avoid self-
HEMATOLOG
threatening psudomembranus
IC:
colitis
Eosinophilia,
thrombocytope
nia, transient
leukopenia

SKIN:
maculopapular
rash, urticaria
DRUGS INDICATION ACTION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING PATIENT TEACHINGS
CONSIDERATION
GENERIC NAME: Bacterial infections A direct-acting Fever, flushing,  Monitor liver  Instruct patient to take oral form
caused by anaerobis trichomonacide and abdominal cramping or function test with food to minimize GI upset, but
Metronidazole microorganisms amebicide that works at pain, nausea and results carefully tell him to take extended-release
both intestinal and vomiting, constipation, in elderly tablets at least 1 hour before or after
extraintestinal sites. Its dry mouth, metallic patients 2 hours after meals
BRAND NAME: thought to enter the taste, darkened urine,
cells of microorganisms  Give oral form  Inform patient of need for sexual
Zalvos with meals partners to be treated simultaneously
that contain
nitroreductase. Unstable to avoid reinfection
 Observe patient
compounds are then for edema  Tell patient to avoid alcohol or
CLASSIFICATION: formed that bind to DNA especially if alcohol containing drugs during and
and inhibit synthesis receiving for at least 3 days after treatment
Amebicides and
causing cell death corticosteroids; course
antiprotozoals
flagyl iv rtu may
cause sodium  Tell patient he may have experience
retention a metallic taste and have dark or red
DOSAGE: brown urine
 Record number
500 mg IV q8H
and character of
stools when drug
is used to treat
amebiasis.

ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN

MECHANISM
NAME OF DRUG CLASSIFICATION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING CONSIDERATION
OF ACTION
Generic name:  Assess patient’s fever or pain:
Paracetamol Analgesic ( Non- Paracetamol To relieve mild to Hypersensitivity to Hematologic: type of pain, location, intensity,
opioid) may cause moderate pain due duration, temperature, and
analgesia by to things such as acetaminophen or hemolytic anemia, diaphoresis.
Dose: Antipyretic inhibiting CNS headache, muscle leukopenia,  Assess allergic reactions: rash,
600mg prostaglandin phenacetin; use with neutropenia, urticaria; if these occur, drug
and joint pain,
synthesis. The pancytopenia, may have to be discontinued.
Route: mechanism of backache and period alcohol
thrombocytopenia.  Teach patient to recognize
TIV morphine is pains. It is also used signs of chronic overdose:
believed to to bring down a Hepatic: bleeding, bruising, malaise,
Frequency: involve high temperature. fever, sore throat.
q8 decreased For this reason, liver damage, jaundice  Tell patient to notify prescriber
permeability of paracetamol can be for pain/ fever lasting for more
the cell Metabolic: than 3 days.
given to children
membrane to hypoglycemia
sodium, which after vaccinations to
results in prevent post- Skin: rash, urticuria
diminished immunization
transmission of pyrexia (high
pain impulses temperature).
therefore Paracetamol is often
analgesia.
included in cough,
cold and flu remedies

ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN

 DRUG ORDER
PHARMACOLOGIC INDICATIONS AND ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DESIRED ACTION ON NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
(Generic name, ACTION OF DRUG CONTRAINDICATIONS THE DRUG THE CLIENT /PRECAUTIONS
Dosage, Route,
Frequency, etc.)

Aspirin Exhibits antipyretic, Indications: GI: dyspepsia, Prevent blood  Assess for pain: type, location and
anti-inflammatory heartburn, anorexia, coagulation due to pattern
80mg/tab 1 tab p and analgesic For pain on integumentary nausea, epigastric hypertension (narrow
lunch PO OD effects. The structures, myalgia, discomfort, potentiation blood vessels may cause  Note for asthma
antipyretic effect is neuralgia, headache, of peptic ulcer blood to aggregate)
dysmenorrhea, gout.  Monitor renal, LFTs and CBC
due to an action on
the hypothalamus, Allergic: Bronchospasm,
Arthritis, SLE, acute  Determine history of peptic ulcers or
resulting in heat loss asthma-like symptoms,
rheumatic fever bleeding tendencies.
by vasodilation of anaphylaxis, skin rashes,
peripheral blood urticaria
vessels. Anti- Hematologic: Precautions:
Contraindications:
inflammatory effects prolongation of bleeding
are mediated by a Hypersensitivity to time, thrombocytopenia,  Do not use in children with chicken
decrease in salicylates, severe anemia, leucopenia, pox or flu symptoms
prostaglandin history of blood coagulation
synthesis. It also Other: Thirst, fever,  Lactation
defects, vitamin K
decreases platelet deficiency, 1 week before dimness of vision
 Mild diabetes, erosive gastritis,
aggregation. and after surgery, bleeding tendencies, liver or kidney
pregnancy in the last disease.
trimester

ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN

 NAME OF DRUG /
CLASSIFICATION
I. Warfarin 2.5mg
II. Anticoagulants,
Antiplatelets & Fibrinolytics
(Thrombolytics)
ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN
MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING CONSIDERATION
Inhibits synthesis of vit K-dependent Treatment and Patient w/ haemorrhagic Jaundice, hepatic  Monitor blood pressure
coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X prophylaxis of tendencies or blood dysfunction, vasculitis, and signs of bleeding.
aswell as the anticoagulant protein C venous dyscrasias, recent or pancreatitis, nausea, Do not give patient any
and its cofactor protein S. These thromboembolism. contemplated surgery of the vomiting, diarrhoea, taste IM injections. Keep
clotting factors are biologically CNS or eye, those perversion, abdominal pain, vitamin K readily
activated by the addition of carboxyl undergoing traumatic surgery flatulence, bloating, rash, available in case of
groups to key glutamic acid residues resulting in large open purpura, erythematous overdose.
w/in the proteins'structure. surfaces, overt bleeding or swollen skin patches
active ulceration involving theleading to ecchymosis,
Warfarin competitively inhibits the GI, genitourinary or resp pruritus, alopecia,
C1 subunit of the multi-unit vit K tract, cerebrovascular purplediscolouration of toes
epoxide reductase (VKORC1) haemorrhage, cerebral due to cholesterol
enzyme complex, thus depleting aneurysms, dissecting aorta, embolisation, tracheal or
functional vit K reserves and hence pericarditis and pericardial tracheobronchial
reduces synthesis of active clotting effusions, bacterial calcification, fever, chills.
factors. endocarditis, threatened Unexplained drop in
abortion, eclampsia, and pre- haematocrit, decreasedHb.
eclampsia, malignantHTN.
Rarely, hypersensitivity
reactions.
 NAME OF DRUG /
CLASSIFICATION
MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING CONSIDERATION

I. Enoxapharin - Lomoh
40mg/0.4ml
II. Anticoagulants,
Antiplatelets & Fibrinolytics
(Thrombolytics)
A low-molecular weight heparin are Prophylaxis of venous Hypersensitivity to Haemorrhage (including  Monitor blood pressure
fragments or fractions of conventional thromboembolism enoxaparin, at the inj site), and signs of bleeding.
(unfractionated) heparin that produce during surgical heparin.Patients w/ active peripheral or Administer in
anticoagulation when administered SC. procedures. major bleeding, acute unspecified oedema, subcutaneous tissue. Do
bacterial endocarditis, anaemia, haematuria, not eject air bubble prior
Deep vein recent haemorrhagic ecchymosis, fever, to injection. Do not
thrombosis. Unstable stroke, active gastric or confusion, nausea, aspirate or massage site
angina. duodenal ulceration, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, inj
thrombocytopenia site pain.
Prophylaxis of clotting
associated w/ positive in
in the extracorporeal Potentially Fatal: Major
vitro test for platelet
circulation during haemorrhagic
antibodies.
haemodialysis complications (e.g.
retroperitoneal and
intracranial bleeding).

ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN

 MECHANISM OF CONTRAINDICATIO ADVERSE NURSING
DRUG NAME INDICATION SIDE EFFECTS
ACTION N EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIES
Classification: HIV protease inhibitors, Acute narrow-angle Blurred vision; Physical and  Do not use small
Generic Name: Benzodiazepine (short- nefazodone, sertraline, glaucoma; coma or changes in blood psychological veins for IV
Midazolam acting); CNS grapefruit juice, patients in shock; pressure, breathing, dependence with injection.
hydrochloride depressant; fluoxetine, erythromycin, acute alcohol and heartbeats; withdrawal  Administer IM
diltiazem, clarithromycin intoxication; coughing; dizziness; symptoms; injections deep into
Anxiolytics, hypnotics
Brand Name: inhibit the metabolism of intrathecal and drowsiness; dry decreased tidal muscle.
and sedatives,
Versed midazolam, leading to a epidural admin. Acute mouth; headache; volume and  Monitor IV injection
anticonvulsants prolonged action. St pulmonary hiccups; low blood respiration rate; site for
Route & Dosage: John's wort, rifapentine, insufficiency or pressure (children); apnoea; headache; extravasation.
IV; 1mg/IV Peak Effect: rifampin, rifabutin, marked nausea; pain during hiccup; nausea,  Arrange to reduce
3-5 minutes phenytoin enhance the neuromuscular injection; pain, increased appetite, dosage of
metabolism of respiratory weakness redness, or vomiting; cough; midazolam if
midazolam leading to a including unstable tenderness at the oversedation; patient is also
reduced action. Sedating myasthenia gravis; injection site; short- seizure-like activity being given oploid
antidepressants, severe respiratory term memory loss; (paediatrics); analgesics; reduce
antiepileptic drugs such depression. slurred speech; paradoxical dosage by at least
as phenobarbital, vomiting. reactions; 50% and monitor
phenytoin and Severe allergic kernicterus; patient closely.
carbamazepine,sedative reactions nystagmus; skin  Monitor level of
antihistamines, opiates, rash, pruritus; consciousness
antipsychotics and reduced alertness, before, during, and
alcohol enhance the confusion, euphoria for at least 2-6 hr
sedative effects of after administration
midazolam. Midazolam is of midazolam.
metabolized almost  Carefully monitor
completely by P, BP, and
cytochrome P450-3A4. respirations during
Atorvastatin. administration.

ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN

 NAME OF DRUG DOSE, ROUTE AND MECHANISM INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING CONSIDERATION
FREQUENCY OF ACTION

Generic name: Dose: Inhibits Ciprofloxacin is Contraindicated in CNS: Seizures,  Assess for infection prior
bacterial DNA used to treat hypersensitivity, cross- dizziness, drowsiness, to and during therapy.
Ciprofloxacin 400 mg synthesis by infections of the sensitivity among agents headache, insomnia,
inhibiting DNA skin, lungs, may occur. acute psychoses,  Obtain specimens for
gyrase. airways, bones, agitation, confusion, culture and sensitivity
Classification: Route: and joints caused hallucinations, increased before initiating therapy.
Therapeutic by susceptible intracranial pressure, First dose may be given
Anti-infectives IV Effects: Death Use cautiously in
bacteria. tremors. before receiving results. To
of susceptible underlying CNS
prevent development of
bacteria. It is also frequently pathology, renal GI: pseudomembranous resistant bacteria, therapy
used to treat impairment, cirrhosis. colitis, abdominal pain,
Antibiotic Class: Frequency: should only be used to
Spectrum: urinary infections diarrhea, nausea, altered treat infections that are
Fluoroquinolones Q12 Broad activity caused by bacteria taste proven or strongly
includes many such as E. coli. suspected to be caused by
gram-positive GU: interstitial cystitis,
susceptible bacteria.
pathogens. vaginitis

ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN

 NAME OF THE DOSAGE/ROUTE ACTION/CLASSIFICATION INDICATION/ ADVERSE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
DRUG CONTRAINDICATIONS SIDE EFFECTS

Monitor serum glucose, and

electrolyte
Generic Name: 0.5-1 mg/kg slow IVP over Action: Indications: Adverse Effects:
1-2 min, may repeat once D iet- K+ for all except
furosemide at 2 mg/kg slow IVP over inhibits sodium and chloride Edema associated with CHF vertigo, headache, aldactone
1-2 mins. reabsorption at the proximal paresthesia, orthostatic
Brand Name: and distal tubules and the Cirrhosis with ascites or renal hypotension, I ntake and Output, daily weight
ascending loop of Henlen dysfunction thrombophlebitis,
abdominal pain, U ndesirable effects; Fluid and
For hypertension or in electrolyte imbalance
Apo-Furosemide combination with other Hypokalemia, anemia,
Classification: antihypertensive muscle spasm R eview HR, BP and electrolytes
medications.
Furoside Loop Diuretics E lderly-Careful
 ICP, nephritic syndrome,
hepatic cirrhosis T ake with or after meals and in
AM
Lasix Contraindications:
I ncrease risk of orthosthatic
Contraindicated to patients hypotension; move slowly
hypersensitive to drug or any
of its components and in C ancel alcohol
those with anuria.

Use cautiously in patient

with hepatic cirrhosis.

ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN

Generic Name: Second-generation Indication: Body as a Whole: Determine history of hypersensitivity
cephalosporin that reactions to cephalosphorins,
CEFUROXIME inhibits cell-wall Thrombophlebitis (IV site); pain,burning, cellulitis( penicillins and history of allergies
synthesis, promoting IM site);superinfections,positive Coombs'test. particularly to drugs before therapy is
Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, infections of the
osmotic instability; initiated.
urinary and lower respiratory tracts, and GI:
Brand Name: usually bactericidal.
skin and skin-structure infections caused
Diarrhea, Report onselt of loose stools
by Streptococcus pneumoniae and S.
ZOLTAX
pyogenes, Haemophillus influenzae,
nausea, antibiotic-associated colitis. Absorption of cefuroxime is enhanced
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.
by food.
Skin:
Classification: Contraindicated:
Rash, pruritus, urticaria.
ANTIBIOTIC * Contraindicated in patients Notify prescriber about rashes or
hypersensitive to drug. Urogenital: superinfections
Frequency: * Use cautiously in patients hypersensitive
to penicillin because of possibility of cross- Increased serum cretonne and BUN, decreased
BID creatinine clearance
sensitivity with other beta-lactam
Dosage: antibiotics.

1 tab 500 mg

Route:

PO

NAME MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION/CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN

Generic Name: Bisacodyl works by stimulating Indication:  Abdominal cramps  Assess bowel sounds
enteric nerves to cause colonic (colic, cramps)
BISACODYL mass movements. It is also a  Constipation  Nausea  Do not give if patient ahs
contact laxative; it increases fluid  Evacuation of bowel before  Diarrhea abdominal pain
and NaCl secretion. Action of radiologic studies or surgery  Hypokalemia  Teach the patient:
Brand Name: bisacodyl on small intestine is  Muscle weakness
negligible; stimulant laxatives Containdicated:  short-term therapy only
mainly promote evacuation of the
colon.  Acute surgical abdomen or  increase fluid intake
Classification:
intestinal obstruction  bulk up the diet
CATHARTICS AND
LAXATIVES  severe dehydration  normal bowel habits
 fecal impaction may vary from 3
Frequency:
times/day to 3
OD HS chronic use times/week

Dosage:

1 tab 10 mg

Route:

PO

ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN

DRUG DOSAGE CLASSIFICATION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

Kalium 1 durule TID electrolyticand Hypokalemia. Renal insufficiency, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea  Take drug after meals or with food
Durule water balance Prophylaxis hyperkalemia, (taking the drugs with meals, and a full glass of water to decrease
agent during untreated Addison's diluting them further may GI upset. Do not chew or crush
treatment w/ disease, constriction of help). tablets, swallow tablets whole. Mix
diuretics the esophagus &/or or dissolve oral liquids, soluble
obstructive changes in Report tingling of the hands powders, and effervescent tablets
the alimentary tract. or feet, unusual tiredness or completely in 3–8 ounces of cold
weakness, feeling of water, juice, or other suitable
heaviness in the legs, severe beverage, and drink it slowly. Take
nausea, vomiting, abdominal the drug as prescribed; do not take
pain, black or tarry stools, more than prescribed.
pain at IV injection site.
 Do not use salt substitutes.

 You may find wax matrix capsules in

the stool. The wax matrix is not
absorbed in the GI tract.

 Have periodic blood tests and

medical evaluation.
 NAME OF NURSING
MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION/CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS
RESPONSIBILITY
DRUG

Generic Name: Second-generation cephalosporin Indication: Body as a Whole: Determine history of

that inhibits cell-wall synthesis, hypersensitivity reactions
CEFUROXIME promoting osmotic instability; Thrombophlebitis (IV site); to cephalosphorins,
usually bactericidal. pain,burning, cellulitis( IM penicillins and history of
Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, infections of the site);superinfections,positive allergies particularly to
urinary and lower respiratory tracts, and Coombs'test.
Brand Name: drugs before therapy is
skin and skin-structure infections caused by
initiated.
Streptococcus pneumoniae and S. GI:
ZOLTAX
pyogenes, Haemophillus influenzae,
Diarrhea, Report onselt of loose
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.
stools
Contraindicated: nausea, antibiotic-associated
Classification:
colitis. Absorption of cefuroxime
ANTIBIOTIC * Contraindicated in patients hypersensitive is enhanced by food.
to drug. Skin:
Frequency: * Use cautiously in patients hypersensitive
Rash, pruritus, urticaria.
to penicillin because of possibility of cross- Notify prescriber about
BID rashes or superinfections
sensitivity with other beta-lactam Urogenital:
Dosage: antibiotics.
Increased serum cretonne and
1 tab 500 mg BUN, decreased creatinine
clearance
Route:

PO

ROLAND CHRISTIAN D. YUSTE, RN