: ΕΎϴ΋ΎϨΜϟ΍ Ϧϋ ΓήΒόϤϟ΍ ίϮϣήϟ΍

Light Emitting Varactor Schotky Tunnel General

Photo Diode Photo Diode Diode LED
Gun Diode Zener Diode
Diode Diode Diode Diode

ϲ΋ΎϨΛ ϲ΋ΎϨΛ ϲ΋ΎϨΛ ϲ΋ΎϨΛ ϲ΋ΎϨΛ ϲ΋ΎϨΛ ϲ΋ΎϨΛ

ϥΎΟ ϲ΋ΎϨΛ ϡΎϋ ϲ΋ΎϨΛ
ϲ΋Ϯο ϲ΋Ϯο ϊθϣ ϱϮόγ ϲϜΗϮη ϖϔϨϟ΍ ήϨϳΰϟ΍

  Sh ^a%4%^

14 A/ 400 V 6 Amp 4 Amp 1 Amp

Δ˰ϳΩΎϋ ΕΎϴ΋ΎϨΛ ΔόΑέ΃ Ϧϣ (ϢϳϮϘΘϟ΍ ήδΟ) ϱήδΠϟ΍ ϲ΋ΎϨΜϟ΍ ϥϮϜΘϳ

.. ϱήδΟ ϞϜθΑ ΎϬπόΑ ϊϣ ΔϠλϮϣ
Ύ˰ϬϴϠϋ ΍˱έΎθ˰ϣ ϥϮ˰Ϝϳ ρΎ˰Ϙϧ Δ˰όΑέ΃ ϰ˰Ϡϋ ϱήδΠϟ΍ ϲ΋ΎϨΜϟ΍ ϱϮΘΤϳ
.. (+ , - , ~) ΔϴϟΎΘϟ΍ ίϮϣήϟΎΑ
ϡϮ˰˰˰ϘϤϟ΍ ϞΧΪ˰˰˰ϣ ϲ˰˰˰ϫ Ϧϴ˰˰˰ΒτϘϟ΍ ϰ˰˰˰Ϡϋ ΓΩϮ˰˰˰ΟϮϤϟ΍ (~) ΓέΎ˰˰˰η·
.. (ΏϭΎϨΘϣ έΎϴΗ) ϱήδΠϟ΍
.. ϡϮϘϤϟ΍ ΝέΎΨϣ ϲϫ (+ , -) ϲΗέΎη·
ϡϮ˰ϘϤϟ΍ ϲ΋Ύ˰ϨΜϟ΍ κ˰Τϔϧ Ύ˰Ϩϧ΃ Ϯ˰ϟ ΎϤϛ ϱήδΠϟ΍ ϡϮϘϤϟ΍ κΤϓ ϢΘϳ
κΤϔϨ˰γ Ύ˰Ϩϧ΃ ϱ΃ ˬϖΑΎδϟ΍ ϞϜθϟ΍ ϰϟ· ήψϨϟΎΑ ϦϴΘτϘϧ Ϟϛ άΧ΄Α
.. (ήΘϣϮϓϵ΍ ϡ΍ΪΨΘγΎΑ) ΔόΑέϷ΍ ΕΎϴ΋ΎϨΜϟ΍
.. ϢϳϮϘΘϟ΍ Ε΍έ΍Ω ϲϓ ΕΎϴ΋ΎϨΜϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϡΪΨΘδΗ

 S+
h^}z}^a^h^f
..ΔϠϣΎϜΘϣ ϢϳϮϘΗ Εέ΍Ω ϢϴϤμΘϟ ϲϗϭΪϨμϟ΍ ςτΨϤϟ΍

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 The formula for C1 is:
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C1(uF)=[(IL* t )/Vrip ] X10
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C1=[(0.5A X 0.00833) / 0.92V]X10

C1 = 0.00453 X 10 6 = 4529 uF

.. ΔΟϮϣ ϒμϧ ϢϳϮϘΗ Γέ΍Ω

Single diode rectifier Output: half-wave varying DC

:΢ϴηήΘϟ΍

5 × Io
Smoothing capacitor for 10% ripple, C=
Vs × f

Io = output current from the supply ..

Vs = supply voltage (peak value of unsmoothed DC) ..
f = frequency of the AC supply (50Hz in UK) ..

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 : ΔϠϣΎϛ ΔΟϮϣ ϢϳϮϘΗ Γέ΍Ω ϞΣ΍ήϣ

Transformer + Rectifier

Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing

Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing + Regulator

 S% %n}f ^a%o

.. ΔϘϴϗΩϭ ΔΘΑΎΛ ΝήΧ ΩϮϬΟ ΝΎΘΤϧ ΎϣΪϨϋ ΔϴϧϭήΘϜϟϹ΍ Ε΍έ΍Ϊϟ΍ ϲϓ ΪϬΠϟ΍ ΕΎϤψϨϣ ϡΪΨΘδΗ
Ϣϴ˰ψϨΗ Ϟ˰Ο΃ Ϧ˰ϣ (78XX) Δ˰Ϡ΋Ύόϟ΍ ϡΪΨΘδ˰Η Κ˰ϴΣ ˬ (78XX , 79XX) Δ˰Ϡ΋Ύόϟ΍ ϲ˰ϫ ΕΎϤψϨϤϟ΍ ϩάϫ ω΍Ϯϧ΃ ήϬη΃ ϥ·
.. ΔΒϟΎδϟ΍ ΩϮϬΠϟ΍ ϢϴψϨΗ ϞΟ΃ Ϧϣ (79XX) ΔϠ΋Ύόϟ΍ ϡΪΨΘδΗϭ ˬ ΔΒΟϮϤϟ΍ ΩϮϬΠϟ΍
.. (ϲοέ΃ϭ ˬ ΝήΨϣϭ ˬϞΧΪϣ) ρΎϘϧ ΙϼΛ ΪϬΠϟ΍ ϢψϨϤϟ ϥ·
Ϧ˰ϣ ϢψϨ˰Ϥϟ΍ Δ˰ϳΎϤΣ Ϟ˰Ο΃ Ϧ˰ϣ Ω΍έΎ˰ϓϮϧΎϨϟ΍ ΔΒΗέ Ϧϣ ΕΎϔΜϜϣ ϢψϨϤϟ΍ ΝήΨϣϭ ϞΧΪϣ ϰϠϋ ϊπϧ Ύ˱Ϥ΋΍Ω : ΔϣΎϫ ΔψΣϼϣ
.. έΎϴΘϠϟ ΓήΑΎόϟ΍ ΕϻΎΤϟ΍ Ϧϣϭ ΊΟΎϔϤϟ΍ ΪϬΠϟ΍ ωΎϔΗέ΍

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 .. (78XX , 79XX) ΔϠ΋ΎόϠϟ ϢϴψϨΘϟ΍ ΩϮϬΟ ϦϴΒϳ ϲϟΎΘϟ΍ ϝϭΪΠϟ΍

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 :ϲϘϴΒτΗ ϝΎΜϣ

: ΔϴϟΎΘϟ΍ ΕΎϗϼόϟΎΑ ϰτόΗ ΩϮϬΠϟ΍ ϥ΃ ΎϤϛ ˬ ήϤΘδϣ έΎϴΗ ΖϟϮϓ ́ ΪϬΟ ϢψϨϣ ϱϮΤΗ ΔϘΑΎδϟ΍ Γέ΍Ϊϟ΍
Ϊ˰ϬΠϟ΍ ρϮ˰Βϫ ϰϟ· ΔϓΎοϹΎΑ ˬ (10.5V) ϱήϐλ΍ ΪϬΟ ϰϟ· ϪϠΧΩ ϲϓ ΝΎΘΤϳ (7808) ϢψϨϤϟ΍ ϥΈϓ ϖΑΎδϟ΍ ϝϭΪΠϟ΍ Ϧϣ
..(10.5+0.7+0.7=11.9V) ϝϮΤϤϠϟ ΔϤϘϠϟ ΔϤϘϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϱϮϧΎΜϟ΍ ΪϬΠϟΎϓ ϲϟΎΘϟΎΑϭ (0.7+0.7) ϱήδΠϟ΍ ϡϮϘϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ
..(11.9 / 1.41 = 8.145 Vrms) ϱϮϧΎΜϟ΍ ϑήτϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΪϬΠϠϟ ΔϴϠόϔϟ΍ ΔϤϴϘϟ΍ Ύϣ΃
.. (LM317) ΕΎϤψϨϤϟ΍ ϞΜϣ ΓήϴϐΘϣ ΩϮϬΟ ϢψΘϨΗ ϯήΧ΃ Εϼ΋Ύϋ ΪΟϮϳ (78XX , 79XX) ΔϠ΋Ύόϟ΍ ϰϟ· ΔϓΎοϹΎΑ

: ΔϴϠϤϋ ΔϳάϐΗ Ε΍έ΍Ω

Ϊ˰ϬΟ Ϟϴ˰λϮΗ Ϣ˰Η ϝΎ˰Σ ϲ˰ϓ ϢψϨ˰Ϥϟ΍ ΔϳΎϤΤϟ ϡΪΨΘδϳ Ϯϫϭ ϲόϴΒτϟ΍ ϞϴϐθΘϟ΍ ˯ΎϨΛ΃ ˱΍ίΎΤϨϣ Ϟψϳ (1N4004) ϲ΋ΎϨΜϟ΍
.ΝήΨϟ΍ ϰϟ· ΔγϮϜόϣ ΔϴΒτϘΑ

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 Variable DC Power Supply
ϞΟ΃ Ϧϣϭ ˬ (LM317) ϢψϨϤϟ΍ ϡ΍ΪΨΘγΎΑ ˬ ΖϟϮϓ (1.25 TO 25) Ϧϣ ΔϤψϨϣ ΔϳάϐΗ Γέ΍Ω Ϧϋ ΓέΎΒϋ ΔϴϟΎΘϟ΍ Γέ΍Ϊϟ΍
ΐ˰Πϳ ϪϧΈϓ ΝήΨϟ΍ ϲϓ ΖϟϮϓ ˻˾ ΪϬΟ ϰϠϋ ϝϮμΤϟ΍ ϞΟ΍ Ϧϣϭ ˬ (5K) ΓήϴϐΘϤϟ΍ ΔϣϭΎϘϤϟ΍ έϭΪϧ ΝήΨϟ΍ ϲϓ ΪϬΠϟ΍ ήϴϴϐΗ
..ΖϟϮϓ ˻́ ϢψϨϤϟ΍ ϞΧΩ ϰϠϋ ΪϬΠϟ΍ ϥϮϜϳ ϥ΃

ΔΒΟϮϣ ΓήϴϐΘϣ ΔϳάϐΗ ΓΪΣϭ

: Γέ΍Ϊϟ΍ Ρήη
..DC ήϤΘδϣ ΪϬΟ ϰϟ· AC ΏϭΎϨΘϤϟ΍ ϞΧΪϟ΍ ΪϬΟ ϞϳϮΤΗ ϑΪϬΑ ϢϳϮϘΗ ήδΟ ϥϮϜΗ D1-D4 ΕΎϴ΋ΎϨΜϟ΍
Ε΍ΩΩή˰Θϟ΍ έϭή˰ϣ ϊ˰ϨϤϳ C2 ϒ˰ΜϜϤϟ΍ Ϧϴ˰Σ ϲ˰ϓ ˬήϤΘδ˰Ϥϟ΍ ϢϳϮ˰ϘΘϟ΍ ήδΟ ΝήΧ ΪϬΟ ϢϴόϨΗϭ ΢ϴηήΘΑ ϡϮϘϳ C1 ϒΜϜϤϟ΍
..ΔϴϟΎόϟ΍
. ΏϮϠτϤϟ΍ ΝήΨϟ΍ ΪϬΟ ϰϠϋ ϝϮμΤϟ΍ ϑΪϬΑ ςΒπϠϟ ϞΑΎϗ ΪϬΟ ϢϴψϨΗ Γέ΍Ω ϲϫ LM317 Γέ΍Ϊϟ΍
Δ˰ϴΒτϘΑ Ϊ˰ϬΟ Ϟϴ˰λϮΗ Ϣ˰Η ϝΎ˰Σ ϲ˰ϓ ϢψϨϤϟ΍ ΔϳΎϤΤϟ ϡΪΨΘδϳ Ϯϫϭ ϲόϴΒτϟ΍ ϞϴϐθΘϟ΍ ˯ΎϨΛ΃ ˱΍ίΎΤϨϣ Ϟψϳ D5 ϲ΋ΎϨΜϟ΍
. ΝήΨϟ΍ ϰϟ· ΔγϮϜόϣ
R1 Δ˰ϣϭΎϘϤϟ΍ ήΒϋ ΪϬΠϟ΍ ΍άϫ ϖϴΒτΗ ϢΘϳ ˬ ςΒπϟ΍ άΧ΂ϣϭ ΝήΨϟ΍ ϦϴΑ V˺̄˻˾ ϩέΪϗ ˱ΎϴϤγ΍ ˱ΎϴόΟήϣ ˱΍ΪϬΟ ϢψϨϤϟ΍ ϡΪϘϳ
. ΖΑΎΛ έΎϴΗ έϭήϣ ΐΒδϳ Ϯϫϭ
ϲϟΎ˰ΘϟΎΑϭ Ϊ˰ϬΠϟ΍ Δ˰Ϥϴϗ ήϴϐΘΘ˰γ VR1 Δ˰ϣϭΎϘϤϟ΍ ςΒο ϝϼΧ Ϧϣϭ ˬ VR1 ΓήϴϐΘϤϟ΍ ΔϣϭΎϘϤϟ΍ ήΒϋ ΖΑΎΜϟ΍ έΎϴΘϟ΍ ΍άϫ ήϤϳ
. ΝήΨϟ΍ ΪϬΟ ςΒο ϢΘϳ
: ΔϟΩΎόϤϟΎΑ ϰτόϳ ΝήΨϟ΍ ΪϬΟϭ
VOUT = 1.25 ( 1 + VR1 / R1)
Δ˰ϴϟΎόϟ΍ Ε΍ΩΩή˰Θϟ΍ έϭή˰Ϥϟ ˱Ύ˰όϨϣ C5 ϭ C4 ϥΎϔΜϜϤϟ΍ ϦϣΆϳ ϦϴΣ ϲϓ ϢψϨϤϠϟ ΓέΎηϹ΍ ΔόϧΎϤϣ Ϧϣ C3 ϒΜϜϤϟ΍ βδΤΘϳ
. ϲϟ΍ϮΘϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΔπϔΨϨϤϟ΍ϭ
5mA ϦϴΑ ϥϮϜϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ ϲ΋Ϯπϟ΍ ϲ΋ΎϨΜϟ΍ ΍άϫ ήΒϋ έΎϤϟ΍ έΎϴΘϟ΍ ˬ ΝήΨϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΪϬΠϟ΍ ΩϮΟϭ ϰϟ· ϲ΋Ϯπϟ΍ ϲ΋ΎϨΜϟ΍ ήϴθϳ
:ΔϗϼόϟΎ˰Α ΐδΤΗϭ ΔΑϮϠτϤϟ΍ ΝήΨϟ΍ ΪϬΟ ΔϤϴϘϟ ˱ΎόΒΗ ήϴϐΘΗ R2 ΔϤϴϗϭ ˬR2 ϝϼΧ Ϧϣ ϩΪϳΪΤΗ ϢΘϳϭ 20mA ϭ

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 R2 = (VOUT - VLED) / (10 x 0.001)
VLED § 2V : ΚϴΣ

+/-15V Preamplifier Power Supply

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 ΔϴΒτϘϟ΍ Δϴ΋ΎϨΛ ( 1.2 To 25 V ) ΓήϴϐΘϣ ΔϳάϐΗ ΓΪΣϭ

 h  %}z}`h^f  h

n%}z}`h^f  }vz}`h^f

Vdc
2Vm
Vdc
2Vm Vdc Vm
ʌ ʌ ʌ

Vm Vm Vm
V V V
rms 2 rms 2
rms 2

2 2V 2 2V 2V
rms rms Vdc rms
Vdc Vdc S
S S
VDiod Vm VDiod 2Vm VDiod Vm

I Diod 0.5 IL I Diod 0.5 IL I Diod IL

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