Effective treatment of type 1 DM requires administration of enough insulin in

order that the patient will have carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism that's as
normal as possible. Insulin is out there in several forms. “Regular” insulin features
a duration of the action that lasts from three to eight hours, whereas other sorts of
the insulin (precipitated with zinc or with various protein derivatives) are absorbed
slowly from the injection site and thus have effects that last as long as 10 to 48
hours. Ordinarily, a patient with severe type 1 diabetes is given one dose of 1 of
the longer-acting insulins every day to extend overall carbohydrate metabolism
throughout the day. Additional quantities of normal insulin are then given during
the day at the days when the blood sugar level tends to rise too high, like at
mealtimes. Thus, each patient is given an individualized pattern of treatment.
within the past, the insulin used for treatment was derived from animal pancreata.
However, human insulin produced by the recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid
process has become more widely used because immunity and sensitization against
animal insulin develops in some patients, thus limiting its effectiveness. In persons
with type 2 diabetes, dieting and exercise are usually recommended in an effort to
induce weight loss and reverse the insulin resistance. If this strategy fails, drugs
could also be administered to extend insulin sensitivity or to stimulate increased
production of insulin by the pancreas, as discussed previously. In many persons,
however, exogenous insulin must be wont to regulate blood glucose levels.