1

EFFLUENT TREATMENT METHODS

Clarification
Clarification consists in removing all kind of particles, sediments, oil, natural organic matter anc
colour from the water to make it clear.
A clarification step is the first part of conventional treatment for
waste and surface water treatment.
It usually consist in:

- Screening
- Physical chemical treatment is a generic term for Coagulation-
Flocculation
- Sedimentation or Flotation, upon particles properties and water type
- Fine filtration

For industrial effluents, Centrifugation is applied for heavy particles

removal

Sludge Treatment
Biological/chemical waste water treatment reduces the solved and
unresolved pollutants existing in the waste water. These are to be regained in
the sewage sludge at the end of the water treatment.

The sludge treatment is necessary to reduce and to amliorate the sludges,

which are produced within the biological wastewater treatment.
 General

Biological Treatment
 2

EFFLUENT TREATMENT METHODS

Biological treatment of waste water and (domestic) sewage water is used to

lower the organic load of soluted organic compounds. There are two main
catagories:
 Aerobic treatment

 Anaerobic treatment

The organic load is defined by the Biological

Oxygen Demand (BOD).

In aerobic systems the water is aerated with

compressed air (in some cases oxygen).
Anaerobic systems run under oxygen free
conditions.

Drum filter
 3

EFFLUENT TREATMENT METHODS

Description Rotating Drum Series RMS ®

Revolving drum is a machine intended for the

filtration or screening of liquids in general, with
punctured passes from 0,10 a 3 mm in standard
performances, in order to achieve a solid- liquid
separation.

It is a self cleaning device, able to work during long

periods without needing attention.

Common applications:

- Beverages industries, distilleries, wine cellars,

breweries, citric factories, malt factories.
- Food: cheese factories, dairies, preserves, sugar beet.
- Slaughter houses: pigs, cows, birds.
- Waste waters: treatment plants in different
processes, income water as well as sludge treatment.
- Used and industrial waters treatment.
- Waste waters: wells, mining, carbon cleaning.
- Screening of: chemical products, salts, plastic,
grains, water of paper industry, fibers.
- Recycling operations: waste waters of paints, oils
and dissolvent clean up, dying factories.
- Various: fish and meat elaboration, brine factories,
furs, etc.

General Characteristics:

Filtrating cylinder.- completely built in stainless steel

of Aisi 304 or 316 quality, this cylinder is built with
special machinery, by helicoidall wrapping of a
triangular section profile over an assembly of support
bars that follow the generative lines of the cylinder.
All and each of the cross points between the helicoidal
wrap and the support bars are welded, giving high
rigidity and resistance to the assembly. The separation
between spirals (light of pass) of the helicoidal wrap
is regulated during its construction, in order to obtain
the desired light of screen.

Body.- in strong metal welded stainless steel

construction of Aisi 304 or 316 quality, provided with
distribution box of the liquid to filter, income and exit
 4

EFFLUENT TREATMENT METHODS

connections, anchorage legs, sealing elements, etc..

Water elimination system.- is achieved by means of

an expelling scraper which constantly scrubs with the
filtrating cylinder, scrapping the wastes attached to the
mesh, which by means of a discharge plate are
collected in an endless container, etc... Built in brass..

Revolving brush.- for loosening of the retained solids

over the filtrating drum. (In special applications).

Powering.- by means of a reducer group of endless

screw broadly sized, tied by flange over a lateral wall
of the body, minimal Ip-55 standard protection, class
F isolation.

Technical data Rotating Drum Series RMS ®

For larger flows disc filtration can be more appropriate. Drum filters a
ideal for water recycling and as polishing in combination with other w
water treatment systems

Reverse Osmosis Plants

Advanced chemical oxidation processes make use of (chemical) oxidants to reduce COD/BOD
levels, and to remove both organic and oxidisable inorganic components. The processes can
completely oxidise organic materials to carbon dioxide and water, although it is often not
necessary to operate the processes to this level of treatment

A wide variety of advanced oxidation processes are

available:

 chemical oxidation processes using hydrogen

peroxide, ozone, combined ozone & peroxide,
hypochlorite, Fenton's reagent etc.
 ultra-violet enhanced oxidation such as
UV/ozone, UV/hydrogen peroxide, UV/air
 wet air oxidation and catalytic wet air oxidation
CWAO process
 5

EFFLUENT TREATMENT METHODS

(where air is used as the oxidant)

Advanced oxidation processes are particularly

appropriate for effluents containing refractory, toxic or
non-biodegradable materials. The processes offer
several advantages over biological or physical
processes, including:

- process operability
- unattended operation
- the absence of secondary wastes
- the ability to handle fluctuating flow rates and
compositions

However, advanced oxidation processes often have higher capital and operating costs compared
with biological treatment.

The most suitable variant for each application is chosen on the basis of the chemical properties of
the effluent.

Biological Excess Sludge Reduction

Sludge Treatment

There are biological gentle process supports

for activated sludge processes available on the
market. Their application causes quick and
durable saving of costs.

With the bio-available vitamin folic acid in

stabilized form, the metabolism of the
microorganisms acting in the activated sludge
tank can be stimulated. Furthermore it supports
the sensitive balance of the microbiological
species diversification. All this encourages the
development of a healthy, efficient biomass
and leads to a significant improvement and
acceleration of activated sludge processes.

Thanks to the presence of concentrated anti-

stress factors, i.e. folic acid and other
biological active components, which are
identical to those, that are in the cells
 6

EFFLUENT TREATMENT METHODS

themselves, the application results in:

- Significant reduction of biological excess

sludge
- Increasing of process stability
- Improvement of sludge characteristics due to
the containment of excessive growth of
filamentous organisms, which leads to
improved settle ability and easier thickening of
the sludge and to savings on chemical
operational supplements.