Applied Linguistics

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY

Imus Campus
Cavite Civic Center, Palico, Imus, Cavite
(046) 471-6770/(046) 471-6607
www.cvsu.edu.ph

Name: __________________________________ Score: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Date: _________________________

Direction:Choose the letter of the best answer.

61. What scope of linguistic studies pertains to the study of the combination of
sounds into organized units of speech?

A. Phonology
B. Phonemics
C. Phoneme
D. Phonetics

Phonology – studies the combination of sounds into organized units of speech,

62. It the combination
attempts of syllables
to analyze and larger
the structure units. in language and deals with the
of meaning
level of meaning in language.

A. Syntax
B. Pragmatics
C. Semantics
D. Discourse

Semantics – attempts to analyze the structure of meaning in language and

deals with the level of meaning in language.
63. Which among the statements below hold TRUE about Morphemes?

I. It is a word or word part that has meaning

II. It cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts without
violating its meaning.
III. It recurs in different words with a relatively stable meaning.
IV. Is a distinctive, contrasted morphological unit.
A. I, only
B. I, II,

DOMINGO
 Applied Linguistics
C. I, II, III
D. I, II, III and IV

Morpheme is a short segment of language which (1) is a word or word part

that has meaning, (2) cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts without
violating its meaning, (3) recurs in different words with a relatively stable
meaning.

64. Language is a dynamic system through which members of community exchange

information. What language view is being described?

A. Transformationalist
B. Structuralist
C. Functionalist
D. Interactionist

The Functionalists advocates that language is a dynamic system through

which members of community exchange information. It is a vehicle for the
expression of functional meaning such as expressing one’s emotions,
persuading people, asking and giving information, etc.
65. Which among the following characteristics is NOT true about Structuralists’
view on language?

A. Language is a means of communication

B. Language is primarily vocal
C. Language is a system of systems
D. Language is universal

The Structuralists support the idea that language can be described in terms of

observable and verifiable data as it is being used.
o Language is a means of communication.
o Language is primarily vocal
o Language is a system of systems.
o Language is arbitrary.
66. This deals with how words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences, and
studies the way phrases, clauses, and sentences are constructed.

A. Syntax
B. Pragmatics
C. Semantics

DOMINGO
 Applied Linguistics
D. Discourse

Syntax – deals with how words combine to form phrases, clauses, and
sentences, and studies the way phrases, clauses, and sentences are constructed.

67. They emphasize the meaning and functions rather than the grammatical
characteristics of language. What language view is being described?

A. Transformationalist
B. Structuralist
C. Functionalist
D. Interactionist

The Functionalists advocates that language is a vehicle for the expression of

functional meaning such as expressing one’s emotions, persuading people,
asking and giving information, etc.They emphasize the meaning and functions
rather than the grammatical characteristics of language.
68. It refers to the characteristic of a phrase that has more than one meaning.

A. Syntactic Ambiguity
B. Lexical Ambiguity 
C. Semantic Ambiguity
D. Phonological Ambiguity

Syntactic ambiguity – refers to the characteristic of a phrase that has more than one
meaning.
69. It deals with the contextual aspects of meaning in particular situations; studies
how language is used in real communication.

A. Syntax
B. Pragmatics
C. Semantics
D. Discourse

Pragmatics – deals with the contextual aspects of meaning in particular situations;

studies how language is used in real communication.

DOMINGO
 Applied Linguistics
70.  What interdisciplinary field of linguistics identifies, investigates, and offers
solutions to language-related real-life problems?

A. Contrastive linguistics
B. Applied linguistics
C. Forensic linguistics
D. Sign linguistics

Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field of linguistics which identifies,

investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems.
71. Which among the statements below hold TRUE about Transformationalists’
view on language?

I. Language is a mental phenomenon. It is not mechanical.

II. Language is creative and enables speakers to produce and
understand sentences they have not heard nor used before.
III. Language is innate. Children acquire their first language because
they have a language acquisition device (LAD) in their brain.
IV. Language teaching content may be specified and organized by
patterns of exchange and interaction.

A. I, only
B. I, II,
C. I, II, III
D. I, II, III and IV

The Transformationalists believe that language is a system of knowledge

made manifest in linguistic forms but innate and, in its most abstract form
universal.

o Language is a mental phenomenon. It is not mechanical.

o Language is innate. Children acquire their first language
because they have a language acquisition device (LAD) in their brain.
o Language is universal: all normal children learn a mother
tongue, all languages share must share key features like sounds and
rules.
o Language is creative and enables speakers to produce and

DOMINGO
 Applied Linguistics
72. According to Littlewood (1984), the process of habit formation in Language
acquisition/learning includes the following EXCEPT one. What is it?

A. Children imitate the sounds and patterns which they hear around them.
B. In order to obtain more of these rewards, the child repeats the sounds and
patterns so that these become habits.
C. People recognize the child’s attempts as being similar to the adult models and
reinforce (reward) the sounds by approval or some other desirable reaction.
D. Formal grammar teaching is of limited value because it contributes to
learning rather than acquisition.

According to Littlewood (1984), the process of habit formation includes the

following:
o Children imitate the sounds and patterns which they hear
around them.
o People recognize the child’s attempts as being similar to the
adult models and reinforce (reward) the sounds by approval or some
other desirable reaction.
o In order to obtain more of these rewards, the child repeats the
sounds and patterns so that these become habits.
o In this way the child’s verbal behavior is conditioned (‘shaped’)
73. This scope of linguistic studies study the patterns of forming words by
combining sounds into minimal distinctive units of meanings called morphemes.
What is it?

A. Phonology
B. Morphology
C. Syntax
D. Lexicon

Morphology – studies the patterns of forming words by combining sounds

into minimal distinctive units of meanings called morphemes.
74. It refers to the characteristic of a word that has more than one meaning.

A. Syntactic Ambiguity
B. Lexical Ambiguity 
C. Semantic Ambiguity
D. Phonological Ambiguity

DOMINGO
 Applied Linguistics

Lexical ambiguity – refers to the characteristic of a word that has more than
one meaning.

75. According to Speech Act Theory, every utterance consists of three separate acts
which among the following do NOT belong to the act?

A. Locutionary force
B. Illocutionary force
C. Perlocutionary act
D. Intertextual act

Speech act theory – advances that every utterance consists of three separate
acts (1) locutionary force – an act of saying something and describes what a
speaker says, (2) illocutionary force – the act of doing something and what the
speaker intends to do by uttering a sentence, and (3) perlocutionary act – an act
of affecting someone; the effect on the hearer of what a speaker says.
76. It is the smallest unit of sound of any language that causes a difference in
meaning.

A. Phonology
B. Phonemics
C. Phoneme
D. Phonetics

Phoneme is a distinctive, contrasted sound unit, e.g. /b/, /æ/, /g/. It is the
smallest unit of sound of any language that causes a difference in meaning.
77. It pertains to the subconscious process that results from informal, natural
communication between people where language is a means, not a focus nor an end in
itself.

A. Acquisition
B. Learning
C. Retention
D. Application

Acquisition – the subconscious process that results from informal, natural

communication between people where language is a means, not a focus nor an
end in itself.

DOMINGO
 Applied Linguistics
78. It claims that conscious learning of grammatical rules has an extremely limited
function in language performance.

A. Monitor hypothesis 
B. Input hypothesis
C. Affective filter hypothesis
D. Natural order hypothesis

The monitor hypothesis claims that conscious learning of grammatical rules

has an extremely limited function in language performance: as
a monitor or editor that checks output.
79. It deals with the combinations of sounds possible and where sounds can occur in
a syllable.

A. Phonotactics
B. Phones
C. Phonemes
D. Phonoaesthetics

Phonotactics deals with the combinations of sounds possible and where sounds
can occur in a syllable.
80. It is primarily concerned with features of words and sentences above the level of
individual sounds, such as stress, pitch, intonation.

A. Parody
B. Prosody
C. Prosodic
D. Prosonance
E.

Prosody is concerned with features of words and sentences above the level of
individual sounds, e.g. stress, pitch, intonation. th
81. Who introduced the Cardinal Vowel System in 20 Century?

A. Ernest Hemingway
B. Raymond Hickey
C. Elizabeth Runic
D. Daniel Jones

In order to characterize vowels satisfactorily the cardinal vowel system was

introduced at the beginning of the 20th century by the English phonetician
Daniel Jones. The basic principle is that extreme positions for the articulation
DOMINGO
of vowels are taken as reference points and all other possible vowel
articulations are set in relation to them.
 Applied Linguistics

82. What is the system of sound representation in writing which is based on the
principle of sound-symbol equivalence?

A. Characters
B. Symbols
C. Alphabet
D. Syllable

An alphabet is a system of sound representation in writing which is based on

the principle of sound-symbol equivalence.
83. What is the process of attaching an inflection or, more generally, a bound
morpheme to a word?

A. Affixation
B. Fixation
C. Suffixation
D. Prefixation

Affixation is the process of attaching an inflection or, more generally, a bound

morpheme to a word. This can occur at the beginning or end and occasionally in
the middle of a word form.

84. This is a basic type of grammar which attempts to show the structure which lies
behind a sentence by breaking it down into its component parts.

A. Phrase Structure Grammar

B. Deep and Surface Structure
C. Transformational Grammar
D. Generative Grammar

Phrase Structure Grammar - this is a basic type of grammar which attempts

to show the structure which lies behind a sentence by breaking it down into its
component parts. It can be represented in the form of tree diagrams.
85. It is a classifiable and structured utterance spoken in an actual communication
situation.

DOMINGO
 Applied Linguistics
A. Speech Communication
B. Speech Act
C. Speech Transmission
D. Speaking

A speech act is a classifiable and structured utterance spoken in an actual

communication situation.
86. It is a relatively recent discipline which investigates the use of language in
society, particularly in order to determine what the possible reasons for language
variation are and hence to understand more about the processes of language change.

A. Corpus linguistics
B. Forensic linguistics
C. Sociolinguistics
D. Contrastive linguistics

Sociolinguistics is a relatively recent discipline which investigates the use of

language in society, particularly in order to determine what the possible reasons
for language variation are and hence to understand more about the processes of
language change.
87. What is the process whereby children learn their native language?

A. Language processing
B. Language acquisition
C. Language transmission
D. Language retention

Language acquisition is the process whereby children learn their native

language. It consists of abstracting structural information from the language
they hear around them and internalizing this information for later use. This
conception of language acquisition can explain why one can produce a
theoretically unlimited set of sentences in one’s native language.
88. It is used for a recognizable form of urban language and again may represent a
point on a continuum determined by social class.

A. Dialect
B. Jargons
C. Social dialect
D. Native Language

DOMINGO
 Applied Linguistics
The term sociolect, or sometimes social dialect, is used for a recognizable form
of urban language and again may represent a point on a continuum determined
by social class.
89. It is a separating line between two areas which differ in some linguistic feature.
It also tend to cluster and so frequently form a dialect boundary.

A. Stigma
B. Schema
C. Corpus
D. Isogloss

An isogloss is a separating line between two areas which differ in some

linguistic feature. Isoglosses tend to cluster and so frequently form a dialect
boundary.
90. It represents an attempt to specify what structural elements are present in all
languages, what is the common core, and to derive means for describing these
adequately.

A. Generative Grammar
B. Functional Grammar
C. Notional Grammar
D. Universal Grammar

Universal grammar represents an attempt to specify what structural elements

are present in all languages, i.e. what is the common core, and to derive means
for describing these adequately.
91. It investigates the internal structure of the lexicon.

A. Lexicography
B. Lexicology
C. Lexical Ambiguity
D. Lexical Gap

Lexicology investigates the internal structure of the lexicon. Lexicography

concerns the compilation of dictionaries. Etymology is about the historical
development of word meanings.

92. Which among the characteristics below hold TRUE for Transformationalists’
view on language?

DOMINGO
 Applied Linguistics
A. Language is creative and enables speakers to produce and understand
sentences they have not heard nor used before.
B. Language teaching content may be specified and organized by patterns of
exchange and interaction.
C. Language is a dynamic system through which members of community
exchange information.
D. Language is arbitrary.

The Transformationalists believe that language is a system of knowledge

made manifest in linguistic forms but innate and, in its most abstract form
universal.
o Language is a mental phenomenon. It is not mechanical.
o Language is innate. Children acquire their first language because
they have a language acquisition device (LAD) in their brain.
o Language is universal: all normal children learn a mother
tongue; all languages share must share key features like sounds and
rules.
93. It is a non-distinctive realization of a morpheme.

A. Allophones
B. Lexical morphology
C. Inflectional morphology
D. Allomorphs

An allomorph is a non-distinctive realization of a morpheme.

94. He is widely recognized as one of the first linguists to acknowledge gender as a

powerful, complex, and nuanced influence on the relation between linguistic form
and social practice.

A. Noam Chomsky
B. Umberto Eco
C. Ferdinand de Saussere
D. Robin Lakoff

Robin Lakoff is widely recognizedas one of the first linguists to acknowledge

gender as a powerful, complex, and nuanced influence on the relation between
linguistic form and social practice.
95. Language is a vehicle for establishing interpersonal relations and for performing
social transactions between individuals. What language view is being described?

DOMINGO
 Applied Linguistics
A. Transformationalist
B. Structuralist
C. Functionalist
D. Interactionist

The Functionalists advocates that language is a dynamic system through which

members of community exchange information. It is a vehicle for the expression
of functional meaning such as expressing one’s emotions, persuading people,
asking and giving information, etc.
96. He is the founder of structural linguistics and he declared that there is only an
arbitrary relationship between a linguistic sign and that which it signifies.

A. Noam Chomsky
B. Umberto Eco
C. Ferdinand de Saussere
D. Roman Jakobson

He is a Swiss linguist. The founder of structural linguistics, he declared that

there is only an arbitrary relationship between a linguistic sign and that which it
signifies.
97. It is a largely autonomous system with its own rules which need not be
motivated by language external considerations.

A. Language
B. Grammar
C. Linguistics
D. Metalanguage

Grammar is a largely autonomous system with its own rules which need not be
motivated by language external considerations.
98. According to him, a language is a set of sentences, each finite in length and
constructed out of a finite set of elements.

A. Noam Chomsky
B. Umberto Eco
C. Ferdinand de Saussere
D. Roman Jakobson

According to Noam Chomsky, a language is a set of sentences, each finite in

length and constructed out of a finite set of elements.

DOMINGO
 Applied Linguistics
99. It is the conscious process of knowing about language and being able to talk
about it, which occurs in a more formal situation where the properties of a language
are taught.

A. Acquisition
B. Learning
C. Retention
D. Application

Learning – the conscious process of knowing about language and being able to
talk about it, that occurs in a more formal situation where the properties of a
language are taught.
100. This suggests that grammatical structures are acquired in a predictable order
for both children and adults.

A. Cognitive learning theory

B. Acquisition / learning hypothesis 
C. Natural order hypothesis 
D. Behaviorist learning theory 

The natural order hypothesis suggests that grammatical structures are

acquired in a predictable order for both children and adults _ certain
grammatical structures are acquired before others, irrespective of the language
101. These words denote concepts such as objects, actions, attributes and ideas that
we think about.

A. Content words
B. Function words
C. Regular words
D. Lexical words

Contentwords - these words denote concepts such as objects, actions, attributes

and ideas that we think about.

102. It is concerned with linguistic performance or processing which is the use of

linguistic knowledge in speech production and comprehension.

A. Psycholinguistics
B. Sociolinguistics
C. Corpus linguistics

DOMINGO
 Applied Linguistics
D. Forensic linguistics

Psycholinguistics - It is concerned with linguistic performance or processing

which is the use of linguistic knowledge in speech production and
comprehension.

103. It is the study of how computers can process language, thus, allowing natural
language human-computer interfaces.

A. Psycholinguistics
B. Sociolinguistics
C. Computational linguistics
D. Forensic linguistics

Computational linguistics - it is the study of how computers can process

language, thus, allowing natural language human-computer interfaces.

104. It is a two-step process in which a text-to-speech program first converts text to

phones or other basic units such as words or syllables.

A. Transformational
B. Speech Synthesis
C. Speech Analysis
D. Speech Communication

Speech Synthesis - It is a two-step process in which a text-to-speech program

first converts text to phones or other basic units such as words or syllables.
105. It is a speech style unique to bilinguals in which fluent speakers switch
cognates between or within sentences.

A. Codeswitching
B. Bilingualism
C. Language Acquisition skills
D. Creoles

Codeswitching - It is a speech style unique to bilinguals in which fluent

speakers switch cognates between or within sentences.

106. It is a word or phrase that replaces a taboo word.

A. Lexcicon
B. Syntax

DOMINGO
 Applied Linguistics
C. Epithet
D. Euphism

Euphism - It is a word or phrase that replaces a taboo word.

107. It is not often used in formal situations or writing but is widely used in speech.

A. Jargon
B. Argot
C. Slang
D. Epithet

Slang - It is not often used in formal situations or writing but is widely used in
speech.
108. It is the ancestral language from which related languages have developed.

A. Ancient language
B. Initial language
C. First language
D. Protolanguage

Protolanguage - It is the ancestral language from which related languages have

developed.
109. These are words in related languages that developed from the same ancestral
root.

A. Syntax
B. Cognates
C. Isoglosses
D. Vernaculars

Cognates - These are words in related languages that developed from the same
ancestral root.

110. These are strings of text character that, when viewed sideways from a face
expresses a particular emotion.

A. Emoticons
B. Emoji
C. GIF
D. Alphabet

Emoticons - These are strings of text character that, when viewed sideways
DOMINGO
from a face expresses a particular emotion.
 Applied Linguistics

DOMINGO