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A blood pressure monitor is a medical device used to measure
blood pressure, consisting of an inflatable bracelet to reduce
blood flow, a mechanical mercury pressure gauge, a pump, and
a control valve. [1] [2] [3] Manual sphygmomanometers are
used in conjunction with a stethoscope. Convention The
method has been modified In humans, the bracelet is placed
smoothly and comfortably around the arm, approximately the
same vertical height of the heart, while the person sits with his
arm relaxed and supported. Other sites for placing the bracelet
on depend on the species, and may include the tongue, the fin,
the tail or the nipple. It is necessary to choose the correct size of
the bracelet for the patient. The very small volume gives very
high results in pressure, while the very small size gives very low
results. The bracelet is inflated until the artery is completely
closed, the cubit artery is heard at the elbow joint with the
stethoscope, and then the pressure is slowly reduced. As soon
as the pressure drops in the bracelet, intermittent sounds are
heard == (Kreutkov voices) == when the blood flow begins again
in the artery. The recorded pressure when this sound begins is
systolic pressure. The pressure is further reduced until sounds
disappear. The recorded pressure when the sounds disappear is
diastolic pressure. In noisy environments when hearing is not
possible (such as scenes often encountered in emergency
medicine), only systolic blood pressure can be known by
relieving pressure to the sensation == the radial pulse ==. In
veterinary medicine, hearing is rarely used and pulse sensation
and vision are used to determine systolic pressure. Importance:
By observing mercury in the column while lowering air pressure
with a control valve, blood pressure values (mm Hg) can be
read. The peak pressure in the arteries during [cardiac cycle] is
the systolic pressure, and the lowest pressure (in the resting
phase of the cardiac cycle) is the diastolic pressure. The speaker
is used in the audio style. Systolic pressure (first stage) is
determined with the first continuous Krakow sound. The
diastolic pressure is determined at the moment when the voices
of Krautkov (stage 5) disappear. Types of
sphygmomanometers 1. Digital with manual or automatic
blower, these are electronic, easy to operate, and practical in
noisy environments. But many of them have not been verified
for all patient groups, and can give very inaccurate readings.
These types measure the main pressure, then using an
oscillometric measurement, they determine the values of
systolic and diastolic pressure. Here we know that it actually
does not measure blood pressure, but rather readings. Digital
scales are not helpful facing "exceptional circumstances" that
are not designed to be used: arteriosclerosis, arrhythmia,
gestosis, mutual pulse and a paradoxical pulse. Some scales that
come with a wrist strap are completely accurate, but they must
be at the heart level when reading. 2. Portable digital with
finger pressure gauge and automatic blower: This type is lighter
and easier, and although it is less accurate it is smaller. 3.
Manual: used by a trained person. Mercury scales are
considered the "golden rule" for measurement because their
measurement is absolute and does not require recalibration. For
this reason it is often required in clinical trials of
pharmaceuticals and in clinical assessments to determine blood
pressure for patients with a high risk rate including pregnant
women. Aneroid mechanical types are common in use, but they
should be titrated against the mercury sphygmomanometer.
The unit of blood pressure measurement is millimeter of
mercury (mmHg). Blood pressure values are usually given as an
even number. Manual sphygmomanometers require a stethoscope

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