APPENDIX

Pretest and posttest questions that will given to students :

Text 1

Circuses Should Not Use Animals

Animals should not be used in circus. The environment where they perform and their
living conditions are usually inappropriate. Tigers, for example which naturally live in
wilderness, must perform tricks on a narrow stage and spend their lifetime in a small
cage.

Besides, the living conditions of the circus animals are poor. They live in a cramped
condition most of the time. They actually need more space to roam. They also do not
have freedom to live with their own kind.

We should ban the use of animals in circus and their confinement there.

Text 2

Solve the Problem of Economic Issues

Government should not raise fuel price to solve the problem of economic issues.
People were affected severely with the high fuel price hike last year. Obviously they cut
their spending. As an example, they had to buy lower quality of rice or palm oil. There
were also fewer buyers of secondary commodities like flour, or canned meat or fish.

Furthermore, the condition of low income family will become even worse
because their expenses will increase while their salaries will not. Many companies will
have to trim the number of employees because they are incapable of managing buying
or selling price, standard wages and personal affairs.

Finally, government should not raise fuel price to overcome economic problem
but the solution should be sought by tapping into the nation’s own potential and
utilizing it to enhance productivity to its maximum.
 Text 3

Skateboarding

Anybody who is over the age of six knows that there is nowhere safe for skateboarders
to skate. This prevents young people from enjoying an active, energetic and
adventurous pastime.
Just watch a local street for a short while and note the steady stream of skaters
speeding up and down the footpaths. Toddlers can be trampled on and old ladies can be
knocked down as they struggle home carrying their cat food from supermarkets.
Skateboarding is a serious sport that improves young people’s health. It increases
fitness, improves balance and strengthens the joints in knees and ankles. Although it
appears to be a solo sport, when groups practice together and compete to perform
stunts or runs they form firm friendships.
Young people should be prevented from becoming overweight couch potatoes. If they
are actively involved in skating, they do not smoke, take drugs or break laws for fun.
Kids will always seek thrills and excitement. They need to practice their 180s, 360s and
Ollie’s free from restrictions. We must build skate parks in the suburbs so that streets
are safe for small children and senior citizens and skaters have spaces where they can
race, chase, speed, and soar towards the sun.

Text 4

Should Americans be forced to Public Transportation?

First, let me define what the question is and isn’t asking. It isn’t asking if we should we
all abandon cars right now, nor is it asking if we should abandon them completely, nor is
it asking if every American should do so. It is asking weather some Americans should
have to take public transit some of the time, and I would say yes.
Oil use and pollution aside, in some cities like Los Angeles and New York there just isn’t
room for any more roads, so in order for large cities to grow, they need more people to
take public transit or risk permanent traffic jam. One bus can safely hold 40 people so
even at half capacity that’s nearly 20 cars’ worth of space in traffic cleared up, and
nearly 20 parking spaces that  don’t need to built.
There are a lot of people that can take  with transit little inconvenience but simply don’t
because they never have in the past. If residents in areas with plenty of transit had to
buy transit passes as part of their property taxes then they would have little excuse not
to bus occasionally. QA number of universities already bundle a ‘U-Pass’ with their
tuition feeds, forcing their students to take the bus. When given the change the majority
of those students have voted to keep these programs.
A similar system in apartments where a portion of the tenants are not issued parking
spaces in exchange for a discount on their rent would also be community car to several
apartment tenants that arrange a schedule for the car, and this program gets many
positive reviews.
So yes, I would say that Americans should be forced to use public transit, as Americans
whom are already forced to do so find that it works well for them.

Text 5

Country Concern

In all discussion over the removal of the lead from petrol (and the atmosphere)
there doesn’t seem to have been any mention of the difference between deriving in the
city and the country.

I feel that when you travel through the country, where you only see the another
car every five to ten minutes, the problem is not as severe as when traffic is
concentrated on city roads.

Those who want to penalize older, leaded petrol vehicles and their and their
owners don’t seem to appreciate that, in the country, here is no public transport to fall
back upon and one’s own vehicle is the only way to get about.

I feel that country people, who often have to travel huge distances to the
nearest town and who already spend a great deal of money on petrol, should be treated
differently to the people who live in the city

Text 6

In most case, you can transplant a tree successfully at any time. If you follow the
instruction for planting a tree. The most important thing is to dig out enough roots, but
this process is difficult with a large tree.
 When you dig out the tree, take a ball of earth measuring about the foot wide
for every inch of diameter of tree trunk, you should dig deep enough to avoid cutting off
too many taproots.

It is wise to call a proffessional tree expert to transplant a tree.