In 1592 the Portuguese placed a client ruler on the throne of the Kingdom of Kandy, but he

died soon after in suspicious circumstances and they were forced to withdraw. Seeking to
subdue the last major kingdom on Ceylon, the Portuguese launched a full military invasion of
Kandy in the Campaign of Danture of 1594. The invasion was a disaster for the Portuguese,
with their entire army wiped out by Kandyan guerilla warfare. The war became a stalemate,
with further Portuguese attempts to conquer Kandy repeatedly repulsed, whilst the Kandyans
were unable to oust the Portuguese from the rest of the island. A series of rebellions in both
Portuguese Ceylon and Kandy led both sides to agree a truce in 1621. The treaty led to Kandy
formally becoming a vassal state of Portugal, but in reality maintaining its independence.
This allowed both sides to crush the rebellions in their respective territories, and ended
direct conflict between them for the next seventeen years. The Portuguese were also able to
conquer the Vanni chieftains in 1621.