9

EPAS NC II
Quarter 1 – Module 1

Identify the different kinds of electronics

components

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines
TLE_IA EPAS– Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module Title: SERVICING CONSUMER ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS AND
SYSTEMS - DOMESTIC ELECTRONIC APPLIANCES - SECURITY AND SOLAR POWER
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SCEP-DEASS)
Learning Outcome 1: Prepare unit, tools, and workplace for installation and service
First Edition, 2019

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EPAS NC-II
Quarter 1 – Module Title:
Electronics Product Assembly and Servicing

Learning Outcome 1: Identify the different

kinds of electronics components.

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and
or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to
email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of
Education at action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

(This gives an instruction to the facilitator to orient the learners and support the
parents, elder sibling etc. of the learners on how to use the module. Furthermore, this
also instructs the facilitator to remind the learners to use separate sheets in
answering the pre-test, self-check exercises, and post-test.)

For the learner:

(This communicates directly to the learners and hence, must be interactive. This
contains instructions on how to use the module. The structure and the procedure of
working through the module are explained here. This also gives an overview of the
content of the module. If standard symbols are used to represent some parts of the
module such as the objectives, input, practice task and the like they are defined and
explained in this portion.)

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 What I Need to Know

This Module is an specialization course which leads you to Consumer

Electronics Product and Servicing National Certificate Level II ( NC II)1. It covers
five common competencies that a Grade 9 Technology and Livelihood
Education (TLE) student like you ought to possess, namely:

1. Identify the different kinds of electronics Components

2. Functions and Identification of the Common Electronics Components
3. Electronics Circuit Computation
4. Occupational Health and Safety

These four common competencies are covered separately in four Lessons. As

shown below, each Lesson is directed to the attainment of one or three learning
outcomes:

Lesson 1 - Identify the different kinds of electronics components

LO 1. Identify each electronics components
LO 2. Interpret the symbols of each electronics components.

At the end of the lesson, students are able to:

1. Identify each electronics parts
2. Illustrate the symbols of each part.

What I Know

PRE-TEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. This is the most commonly used components in electronic circuits and
devices.
a. Resistor b. capacitor c. Diode d. IC

2. This is an electrical storage component: an electrical component, used to

store a charge temporarily.
a. Capacitor b. Resistor c. Diode d. Transistor

3. A components that allow electricity to flow in only one direction.

a. Capacitor b. Resistor c. Diode d. Transistor

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 4. This component is a semiconductor device used
to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.
a. Capacitor b. Resistor c. Diode d. Transistor
5. A component that formed the fabrication of various electrical and electronic
components (resistors, capacitors, transistors, and so on).
a. Resistor b. capacitor c. Diode d. IC

Lesson
Identify the different kinds of electronics Components.
1

This lesson contains information and suggested learning activities in

Servicing Consumer Electronic Products and Systems – Domestic Electronic
Appliances – Security System and Solar Power Management System (SCEP-
DEASS). It covers the fundamental knowledge and skills in preparing hand tools
used in servicing security system particularly in servicing close circuit television
(CCTv)

What’s In

Welcome to the world of electronics application! In this lesson, you are

guided in the use and functions of the different tools and equipment in
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS PRODUCTS AND SERVICING.

You are then required to read, understand and internalize the different
functions of these electronic tools and equipment so that at the end of the lesson,
you may able to grasp the importance of these electronic components in electronic
application.

Notes to the Teacher

Upon completing this lesson, report to your teacher for
assessment to check your achievement of knowledge and skills
required in this activity. If you pass the assessment, you can
proceed to the next module

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 What’s New

Resistor Color Code Calculation

4 Bands Resistor Color Code Calculation
5 Bands Resistor Color Code Calculation
6 Bands Resistor Color Code Calculation

What is It

Resistors- Resistors are the most commonly used components in electronic

circuits and devices. The main purpose of a resistor is to maintain specified values
of voltage and current in an electronic circuit. A Resistor works on the principle of
Ohm’s law and the law states that the voltage across the terminals of a resistor is
directly proportional to the current flowing through it.

There are different types of resistors available in the market with diverse rating and sizes. Some of
these are described below.

 Wire wound resistors

 Metal film resistors

 Thick film and Thin film resistors

 Network and Surface Mount Resistors

 Variable Resistors Resistor

Symbol
 Special resistors

Capacitor- Capacitor is an electrical storage component: an electrical component,

used to store a charge temporarily, consisting of two conducting surfaces separated
by a nonconductor dielectric.

Types of Capacitor
There are many different types of capacitor that are
used in electronic equipment. Check out the
differences and which ones are applicable for
different applications.

1. Electrolytic Capacitor: Aluminium Electrolytic

2. Ceramic Capacitor: C0G, X7R, Y5V, NP0, etc
3. Tantalum Capacitor
4. Metallized Plastic Film Capacitors

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5. Silver Mica Capacitors
6. Super Capacitor, Supercap, or Ultracapacitor
7. SMT / SMD Capacitor

Diodes-
Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol
shows the direction in which the current can flow. Diodes are the electrical version
of a valve and early diodes were actually called valves.
Diodes
allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows
the direction in which the current can flow. Diodes are the electrical version of a
valve and early diodes were actually called valves.

1. Small Signal Diode

2. Large Signal Diode
3. Zener Diode
4. Light Emitting Diode (LED)
5. Constant Current Diodes
6. Schottky Diode
7. Shockley Diode
8. Step Recovery Diodes
9. Tunnel Diode
10. Varactor Diode
11. Laser Diode
12. Transient Voltage Suppression Diode
13. Gold Doped Diodes
14. Super Barrier Diodes
15. Peltier Diode
16. Crystal Diode
18. Silicon Controlled Rectifier
19. Vacuum Diodes
20. PIN Diode
21. Point Contact Devices
22. Gunn Diode

Transistor-
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals
and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least
three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to
one pair of the transistor's terminals controls the current through another pair of
terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling
(input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are
packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.

Types of transistor
There are two types of standard (bipolar junction) transistors, NPN and PNP, with
different circuit symbols as shown. ...

Integrated Circuits-

Integrated circuit or IC or microchip or chip is a microscopic electronic circuit array

formed by the fabrication of various electrical and electronic components (resistors,

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capacitors, transistors, and so on) on a semiconductor material (silicon) wafer,
which can perform operations similar to the large discrete electronic circuits made
of discrete electronic components.

Different types of Integrated Circuit:

Digital Integrated Circuits

Analog Integrated Circuits
Mixed Integrated Circuits
General types of integrated circuits(ICs) include the following:
Logic Circuits
Comparators
Switching ICs
Audio amplifiers
Operational amplifiers
Timer ICs.

What’s More

Activity 1.1 Understanding the functions of the different Electronics

Components.

There are two ways you can understand this lesson. One way is by defining
the meaning in context of the different components. And the other way is the
proper application. You can use only the first because the other one will be
conducted inside the laboratory room or in the practical work area
Resistors are the most commonly used components in electronic circuits and
devices. The main purpose of a resistor is to maintain specified values of voltage
and current in an electronic circuit. A Resistor works on the principle of Ohm’s law
and the law states that the voltage across the terminals of a resistor is directly
proportional to the current flowing through it.
The unit of resistance is Ohm. The Ohm symbol shows resistance in a circuit
from the name George Ohm – a German physicist who invented it.

Wire wound Resistors

These resistors vary in physical appearance and size. These wire-wound
resistors are commonly a length of wires usually made of an alloy such as nickel
chromium or copper-nickel manganese alloy. These resistors are the oldest type of
resistors having excellent properties like high power ratings and low resistive
values. During their use, these resistors can become very hot, and for this reason
these are housed in a finned metal case.
Thick film and Thin film Resistors

Thin film resistors are made by sputtering some resistive material on to an

insulating substrate (a method of vacuum deposition), and are therefore more

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expensive than the thick film resistors. The resistive element for these resistors is
approximately 1000 angstroms. Thin film resistors have better temperature
coefficients, lower capacitance, low parasitic inductance and low noise.

Surface mount resistors

Surface mount resistors come in a variety of packages size and shape agreed by the
EIA (Electronic Industry Alliance). These are made by depositing a film of resistive
material and don’t have enough
space for color-code bands owing to small size.

Network Resistors
Network resistors are a combination of resistances that give identical value to all
pins. These resistors are available in dual inline and single inline packages.
Network resistors are commonly used in applications such as ADC (Analog to
digital converters) and DAC, pull up or pull down.
Variable Resistors

Most commonly used types of variable resistors are potentiometers and presets.
These resistors consist of fixed value of resistance between two terminals and are
mostly used for setting the sensitivity of sensors and voltage division. A wiper
(moving part of the potentiometer) changes the resistance that can be rotated with
the help of a screw driver.

Types of Diodes | Small Signal, LED, Schottky, Zener

Different Types of Diodes

Let us now briefly see about few commonly used types of diodes.

1. Small Signal Diode

It is a small device with disproportional characteristics and whose applications are

mainly involved at high frequency and very low currents devices such as radios and
televisions etc. To protect the diode from contamination it is enveloped with a glass
so it is also named as Glass Passivated Diode which is extensively used as
1N4148. 

2. Large Signal Diode

These diodes have large PN junction layer. Thus the transformation of AC to DC

voltages is unbounded. This also increases the current forward capacity and
reverse blocking voltage. These large signals will disrupt the functional point also.
Due to this it is not suitable for high frequency applications.

3. Zener Diode

It is a passive element works under the principle of zener breakdown. First

produced by Clarence zener in 1934.It is similar to normal diode in forward
direction, it also allows current in reverse direction when the applied voltage

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reaches the breakdown voltage. It is designed to prevent the other semiconductor
devices from momentary voltage pulses. It acts as voltage regulator.

4. Light Emitting Diode (LED)

These diodes convert the electrical energy in to light energy. First production
started in 1968. It undergoes electroluminescence process in which holes and
electrons are recombined to produce energy in the form of light in forward bias
condition.

5. Constant Current Diodes

It is also known as current-regulating diode or constant current diode or current-

limiting diode or diode-connected transistor. The function of the diode is regulating
the voltage at a particular current.

6. Schottky Diode

In this type of diode the junction is formed by contacting the semiconductor

material with metal. Due to this the forward voltage drop is decreased to min. The
semiconductor material is N-type silicon which acts as an anode and the metal acts
as a cathode whose materials are chromium, platinum, tungsten etc.

 7. Shockley Diode

It was the invention of first semiconductor devices it has four layers. It is also
called as PNPN diode. It is equal to a thyristor without a gate terminal which means
the gate terminal is disconnected. As there is no trigger inputs the only way the
diode can conduct is by providing forward voltage.

8. Step Recovery Diodes

It is also called as snap-off diode or charge-storage diode. These are the special type
of diodes which stores the charge from positive pulse and uses in the negative
pulse of the sinusoidal signals. The rise time of the current pulse is equal to the
snap time. Due to this phenomenon it has speed recovery pulses.

9. Tunnel Diode

It is used as high speed switch, of order nano-seconds. Due to tunneling effect it

has very fast operation in microwave frequency region. It is a two terminal device in
which concentration of dopants is too high.

10. Varactor Diode

These are also known as Varicap diodes. It acts like the variable capacitor.
Operations are performed mainly at reverse bias state only. These diodes are very
famous due to its capability of changing the capacitance ranges within the circuit
in the presence of constant voltage flow.

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11. Laser Diode

Similar to LED in which active region is formed by p-n junction. Electrically laser
diode is p-i-n diode in which the active region is in intrinsic region. Used in fiber
optic communications, barcodereaders, laser pointers, CD/DVD/Blu-ray reading
and recording, Laser printing.

12. Transient Voltage Suppression Diode

In semiconductor devices due to the sudden change in the state voltage transients
will occur. They will damage the device output response. To overcome this problem
voltage suppression diode diodes are used. The operation of voltage suppression
diode is similar to Zener diode operation.

13. Gold Doped Diodes

In these diodes gold is used as a dopant. These diodes are faster than other diodes.
In these diodes the leakage current in reverse bias condition also less. Even at the
higher voltage drop it allows the diode to operate in signal frequencies. In these
diodes gold helps for the faster recombination of minority carriers.

14. Super Barrier Diodes

It is a rectifier diode having low forward voltage drop as schottky diode with surge
handling capability and low reverse leakage current as p-n junction diode. It was
designed for high power, fast switching and low-loss applications. Super barrier
rectifiers are the next generation rectifiers with low forward voltage than schottky
diode.

15. Peltier Diode

In this type of diode, at the two material junction of a semiconductor it generates a

heat which flows from one terminal to another terminal. This flow is done in only
single direction that is as equal to the direction of current flow.

16. Crystal Diode

This is also known as Cat’s whisker which is a type of point contact diode. Its
operation depends on the pressure of contact between semiconductor crystal and
point.

17. Avalanche Diode

This is passive element works under principle of avalanche breakdown. It works in

reverse bias condition. It results large currents due to the ionisation produced by
p-n junction during reverse bias condition.

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18. Silicon Controlled Rectifier

It consists of three terminals they are anode, cathode and a gate. It is nearly equal
to the Shockley diode. As its name indicates it is mainly used for the control
purpose when small voltages are applied in the circuit. The symbol of the Silicon
Controlled Rectifier is as shown below:

19. Vacuum Diodes

Vacuum diodes consist of two electrodes which will acts as an anode and the
cathode. Cathode is made up of tungsten which emits the electrons in the direction
of anode. Always electron flow will be from cathode to anode only. So, it acts like a
switch.

20. PIN Diode

The improved version of the normal P-N junction diode gives the PIN diode. In PIN
diode doping is not necessary. The intrinsic material means the material which has
no charge carriers is inserted between the P and N regions which increase the area
of depletion layer.

When we apply forward bias voltage the holes and electrons will pushed into the
intrinsic layer. At some point due to this high injection level the electric field will
conduct through the intrinsic material also. This field made the carriers to flow
from two regions. The symbol of PIN diode is as shown below:

PIN Diode Applications:

1. Rf Switches: Pin diode is used for both signal and component selection. For
example pin diodes acts as range-switch inductors in low phase noise
oscillators.
2. Attenuators: it is used as bridge and shunt resistance in bridge-T
attenuator.
3. Photo Detectors: it detects x-ray and gamma ray photons.

21. Point Contact Devices

A gold or tungsten wire is used to act as the point contact to produce a PN junction
region by passing a high electric current through it. A small region of PN junction is
produced around the edge of the wire which is connected to the metal plate which
is as shown in the figure.

In forward direction its operation is quite similar but in reverse bias condition the
wire acts like an insulator. Since this insulator is between the plates the diode acts
as a capacitor. In general the capacitor blocks the DC currents when the AC
currents are flowing in the circuit at high frequencies. So, these are used to detect
the high frequency signals.

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 22. Gunn Diode

Gunn diode is fabricated with n-type semiconductor material only. The depletion
region of two N-type materials is very thin. When voltage increases in the circuit the
current also increases. After certain level of voltage the current will exponentially
decrease thus this exhibits the negative differential resistance.

Transistors
Transistors amplify current, for example they can be used to amplify the small
output current from a logic IC so that it can operate a lamp, relay or other high
current device. In many circuits a resistor is used to convert the changing
current to a changing voltage, so the transistor is being used to amplify
voltage.
Types of transistor
 There are two types of standard (bipolar junction) transistors, NPN and
PNP, with different circuit symbols as shown. ...
 The leads are labelled base (B), collector (C) and emitter (E). ...
 In addition to bipolar junction transistors, there are field-
effect transistors which are usually referred to as FETs.

Testing a transistor
Transistors can be damaged by heat when soldering or by misuse in a circuit. If
you suspect that a transistor may be damaged there are two easy ways to test it:
1. Testing with a multimeter
Use a multimeter or a simple tester (battery, resistor and LED) to check each
pair of leads for conduction. Set a digital multimeter to diode test and an
analogue multimeter to a low resistance range.
Different Types of Integrated Circuits

Digital Integrated Circuits

The integrated circuits that operate only at a few defined levels instead of operating
over all levels of signal amplitude are called as Digital ICs and these are designed
by using multiple number of digital logic gates, multiplexers, flip flops and other
electronic components of circuits.These logic gates work with binary input data or
digital input data, such as 0 (low or false or logic 0) and 1 (high or true or logic 1).

Analog Integrated Circuits

The integrated circuits that operate over a continuous range of signal are called as
Analog ICs. These are subdivided as linear Integrated Circuits (Linear ICs)
and Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RF ICs

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Mixed Integrated Circuits

The integrated circuits that are obtained by the combination of analog and digital
ICs on a single chip are called as Mixed ICs.

Logic Circuits

These ICs are designed using logic gates-that work with binary input and output (0
or 1). These are mostly used as decision makers.

Comparators

The comparators ICs are used as comparators for comparing the inputs and then
to produce an output based on the ICs’ comparison.

Small-scale integration consists of only a few transistors (tens of transistors on a

chip), these ICs played a critical role in early aerospace projects.
Medium-scale integration consists of some hundreds of transistors on the IC chip
developed in the 1960s and achieved better economy and advantages compared to
the SSI ICs.
Large-scale integration consists of thousands of transistors on the chip with
almost the  same economy as medium scale integration ICs.
Very large-scale integration consists of transistors from hundreds to several
billions in number.(Development period: from 1980s to 2009)
Ultra large-scale integration consists of transistors in excess of more than one
million, and later wafer-scale integration (WSI), system on a chip (SoC) and three
dimensional integrated circuit (3D-IC) were developed.

Let us determine how much you already know about different components. Take this test.

1. These resistors vary in physical appearance and size.

a. Wire wound Resistors
b. Thick film and Thin film Resistors
c. Surface mount resistors
d. Network Resistors

2. These resistors are available in dual inline and single inline packages.
a. Variable Resistors

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b. Network Resistors
c. Surface mount resistors
d. Thin film Resistors

3. These resistors consist of fixed value of resistance between two terminals and are
mostly used for setting the sensitivity of sensors and voltage division.
a. Variable Resistors
b. Network Resistors
c. Surface mount resistors
d. Thin film Resistors

4. It is a small device with disproportional characteristics and whose applications

are mainly involved at high frequency and very low currents devices such as radios
and televisions etc.
a. Zener Diode
b. Large Signal Diode
c. Small Signal Diode
d. Light Emitting Diode (LED)

5. These diodes convert the electrical energy in to light energy. First production
started in 1968.
a. Zener Diode
b. Large Signal Diode
c. Small Signal Diode
d. Light Emitting Diode (LED)

6. Transistors can be damaged by heat when soldering or by misuse in a circuit.

a. Testing a transistor
b. base-collector
c. base-emitter
d. Test each pair of leads both ways

7. Components that compose of the following, such as resistors, capacitors,

inductors, diodes, transistors, and so on..
a. IC
b. Diode
c. Transistor
d. Resistor

8. The integrated circuits that operate only at a few defined levels instead of
operating over all levels of signal amplitude are called as Digital ICs.
a. Analog Integrated Circuits
b. Integrated Circuits
c. Digital Integrated Circuits
d. Mixed Integrated Circuits

9. The integrated circuits that are obtained by the combination of analog and
digital ICs on a single chip are called as Mixed ICs.
a. Analog Integrated Circuits
b. Integrated Circuits
c. Digital Integrated Circuits
d. Mixed Integrated Circuits

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10. consists of some hundreds of transistors on the IC chip developed in the 1960s
and achieved better economy and advantages compared to the SSI ICs.
a. Medium-scale integration 
b. Large-scale integration 
c. Very large-scale integration
d. Small-scale integration

What I Have Learned

1. What are the function of the following components:

1. Resistor
2. Capacitor
3. Diode
4. Transistor
5. IC

What I Can Do

Make a series and parallel circuit, using the resistor components:

R1 10k ohms, R2 15K ohms, 12V

Assessment

Interpret five electronics component.

Additional Activities

Draw at least two components and level its part.

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Answer Key
What are the functions
Assessment What's More of the following
1. A 1. A components?
2. A 2. B 1. Resist the flow of
3. C 3. A current.
4. D 4. C 2. Capacitor is an
5. D 5. D electrical storage
6. A component: an electrical
7. A component, used to
8. C store a charge
9. D temporarily, consisting
10. A of two conducting
surfaces separated by a
nonconductor dielectric.
3. Diodes allow
electricity to flow in only
one direction.
4. Transistor can be
used to amplify the
small output current
from a logic IC so that it
can operate a lamp,
relay or other high
current device.
5. IC are made of 4
components
compounded in a one
component the purpose
of this is to lessen the
circuit sizes.

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References

WWW…
Rapid Electronics

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