Lesson 1

Stoichiometry
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
 Understand the law of conservation of matter, which forms the basis of
chemical stoichiometry.
 Understand the meaning of limiting reactant in a chemical reaction.
 Perform stoichiometric calculations using balanced chemical equations.
 Calculate the theoretical and percent yields of chemical reactions.
 Use stoichiometry to analyze a mixture of compounds to determine the
formula of a compound.
 Define and use concentration in solution stoichiometry

1.1 Atomic Mass

Definition 1.1.1 Atomic mass
is the mass of an atom in atomic mass units (amu)
By definition:
1 atom 12C “weighs” 12 amu

Definition 1.1.2 Average atomic mass

is the weighted average of all of the naturally occurring isotopes of the
element.

1.2 Avogadro’s Number

Definition 1.2.1 Avogadro’s Number

 Introduced by Amedeo Avogadro, an Italian lawyer and physicist.
 Its numerical value is 6.022x1023 particles/atoms/molecules.
 It is symbolized by NA.

1.3 Mole Concept

Definition 1.3.1 Mole Concept

 It is the SI base unit for measuring an amount of a substance
 It is the amount of a substance that contains as many elementary entities
(atoms, molecules, or particles) as there are atoms in exactly 12g of the
carbon -12 isotope.
General Chemistry 01 2

Definition 1.3.1 Mole Concept

 The key to understanding the concept of the mole is recognizing that one
mole always contains the same number of particles, no matter what the
substance.
 Therefore, 1 mol = 6.02x1023 particles/atoms/molecules
 We can use the mole relationship to convert between the number of
particles and the mass of a substance.
 The mole concept is the cornerstone of quantitative chemistry. It is
essential to be able to convert from moles to mass and from mass to mole.
(Dimensional analysis)
.

Definition 1.3.2 Molar Mass

 It is the mass in grams of one mole of any element.
 It is abbreviated with a capital italicized M and has units of grams per
mole (g/mol).
 An element’s molar mass is the quantity in grams numerically equal to
its atomic weight.

Mass-Mole Calculations
• Recall:
• First we write down the unit asked for
• Second we write down the given value
• Third we apply unit factor(s) to convert the given units to the desired
units

Moles to Mass Mass to Moles

grams 1 mol
Moles x = grams Grams x = moles
1 mol grams