Proportions

Proportions
Two related quantities stated side by side is called a ratio.
 Proportions
Two related quantities stated side by side is called a ratio.
For example, if a recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour,
then the ratio of eggs to flour is 3 to 4.
 Proportions
Two related quantities stated side by side is called a ratio.
For example, if a recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour,
then the ratio of eggs to flour is 3 to 4. We may write it using
fractional notation as:
3
4
 Proportions
Two related quantities stated side by side is called a ratio.
For example, if a recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour,
then the ratio of eggs to flour is 3 to 4. We may write it using
fractional notation as:
eggs 3
cups of flour 4
 Proportions
Two related quantities stated side by side is called a ratio.
For example, if a recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour,
then the ratio of eggs to flour is 3 to 4. We may write it using
fractional notation as:
eggs 3
cups of flour 4
This fraction is also the amount of per unit of the given ratio,
in this case, ¾ egg / per cup of flour.
 Proportions
Two related quantities stated side by side is called a ratio.
For example, if a recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour,
then the ratio of eggs to flour is 3 to 4. We may write it using
fractional notation as:
eggs 3
cups of flour 4
This fraction is also the amount of per unit of the given ratio,
in this case, ¾ egg / per cup of flour.
Two ratios that are equal are said to be in proportion.
 Proportions
Two related quantities stated side by side is called a ratio.
For example, if a recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour,
then the ratio of eggs to flour is 3 to 4. We may write it using
fractional notation as:
eggs 3
cups of flour 4
This fraction is also the amount of per unit of the given ratio,
in this case, ¾ egg / per cup of flour.
Two ratios that are equal are said to be in proportion.
Thus "3 to 4" is proportion to "6 to 8" since
3 6
4 = 8
 Proportions
Two related quantities stated side by side is called a ratio.
For example, if a recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour,
then the ratio of eggs to flour is 3 to 4. We may write it using
fractional notation as:
eggs 3
cups of flour 4
This fraction is also the amount of per unit of the given ratio,
in this case, ¾ egg / per cup of flour.
Two ratios that are equal are said to be in proportion.
Thus "3 to 4" is proportion to "6 to 8" since
3 6
4 = 8
Proportional equations are the simplest type of fractional
equations.
 Proportions
Two related quantities stated side by side is called a ratio.
For example, if a recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour,
then the ratio of eggs to flour is 3 to 4. We may write it using
fractional notation as:
eggs 3
cups of flour 4
This fraction is also the amount of per unit of the given ratio,
in this case, ¾ egg / per cup of flour.
Two ratios that are equal are said to be in proportion.
Thus "3 to 4" is proportion to "6 to 8" since
3 6
4 = 8
Proportional equations are the simplest type of fractional
equations. To solve proportional equations, we cross-multiply
and change the proportions into regular equations.
 Proportions
Cross-Multiplication-Rule
If A = C
B D,
 Proportions
Cross-Multiplication-Rule
If A = C then AD = BC.
B D,
 Proportions
Cross-Multiplication-Rule
If A = C then AD = BC.
B D,
Example A. Solve for x.
a. 3 = 5
x 2
 Proportions
Cross-Multiplication-Rule
If A = C then AD = BC.
B D,
Example A. Solve for x.
a. 3 = 5 cross multiply
x 2
 Proportions
Cross-Multiplication-Rule
If A = C then AD = BC.
B D,
Example A. Solve for x.
a. 3 = 5 cross multiply
x 2
6 = 5x
 Proportions
Cross-Multiplication-Rule
If A = C then AD = BC.
B D,
Example A. Solve for x.
a. 3 = 5 cross multiply
x 2
6 = 5x
6 =x
5
 Proportions
Cross-Multiplication-Rule
If A = C then AD = BC.
B D,
Example A. Solve for x.
a. 3 = 5 cross multiply
x 2
6 = 5x
6 =x
5
b. 2 (x + 2)
=
3 (x – 5)
 Proportions
Cross-Multiplication-Rule
If A = C then AD = BC.
B D,
Example A. Solve for x.
a. 3 = 5 cross multiply
x 2
6 = 5x
6 =x
5
b. 2 (x + 2) cross multiply
=
3 (x – 5)
 Proportions
Cross-Multiplication-Rule
If A = C then AD = BC.
B D,
Example A. Solve for x.
a. 3 = 5 cross multiply
x 2
6 = 5x
6 =x
5
b. 2 (x + 2) cross multiply
=
3 (x – 5)
2(x – 5) = 3(x + 2)
 Proportions
Cross-Multiplication-Rule
If A = C then AD = BC.
B D,
Example A. Solve for x.
a. 3 = 5 cross multiply
x 2
6 = 5x
6 =x
5
b. 2 (x + 2) cross multiply
=
3 (x – 5)
2(x – 5) = 3(x + 2)
2x – 10 = 3x + 6
–10 – 6 = 3x – 2x
–16 = x
 Proportions
Cross-Multiplication-Rule
If A = C then AD = BC.
B D,
Example A. Solve for x.
c. (x 2+ 1) =
3 = 5 3
a. cross multiply
x 2 x
6 = 5x
6 =x
5
b. 2 (x + 2) cross multiply
=
3 (x – 5)
2(x – 5) = 3(x + 2)
2x – 10 = 3x + 6
–10 – 6 = 3x – 2x
–16 = x
 Proportions
Cross-Multiplication-Rule
If A = C then AD = BC.
B D,
Example A. Solve for x.
c. (x 2+ 1) =
3 = 5 3
a. cross multiply
x 2 x
6 = 5x x(x + 1) = 6
6 =x
5
b. 2 (x + 2) cross multiply
=
3 (x – 5)
2(x – 5) = 3(x + 2)
2x – 10 = 3x + 6
–10 – 6 = 3x – 2x
–16 = x
 Proportions
Cross-Multiplication-Rule
If A = C then AD = BC.
B D,
Example A. Solve for x.
c. (x 2+ 1) =
3 = 5 3
a. cross multiply
x 2 x
6 = 5x x(x + 1) = 6
6 =x x2 + x = 6
5
x2 + x – 6 = 0
b. 2 (x + 2) cross multiply
=
3 (x – 5)
2(x – 5) = 3(x + 2)
2x – 10 = 3x + 6
–10 – 6 = 3x – 2x
–16 = x
 Proportions
Cross-Multiplication-Rule
If A = C then AD = BC.
B D,
Example A. Solve for x.
c. (x 2+ 1) =
3 = 5 3
a. cross multiply
x 2 x
6 = 5x x(x + 1) = 6
6 =x x2 + x = 6
5
x2 + x – 6 = 0
b. 2 (x + 2) cross multiply
=
3 (x – 5) (x + 3) (x – 2) = 0
2(x – 5) = 3(x + 2) So the solutions are
2x – 10 = 3x + 6 x = –3 and x = 2.
–10 – 6 = 3x – 2x
–16 = x
 Proportions
When setting up a proportional equation for a word problem,
the two quantities for the same type of measurement must
occupy the same position in the fractions
 Proportions
When setting up a proportional equation for a word problem,
the two quantities for the same type of measurement must
occupy the same position in the fractions i.e. both must be in
numerator, or both must be in the denominator.
 Proportions
When setting up a proportional equation for a word problem,
the two quantities for the same type of measurement must
occupy the same position in the fractions i.e. both must be in
numerator, or both must be in the denominator.
Example B. A recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour. How
many eggs are needed if we have 10 cups of flour?
 Proportions
When setting up a proportional equation for a word problem,
the two quantities for the same type of measurement must
occupy the same position in the fractions i.e. both must be in
numerator, or both must be in the denominator.
Example B. A recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour. How
many eggs are needed if we have 10 cups of flour?
Let x be the number of eggs needed.
 Proportions
When setting up a proportional equation for a word problem,
the two quantities for the same type of measurement must
occupy the same position in the fractions i.e. both must be in
numerator, or both must be in the denominator.
Example B. A recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour. How
many eggs are needed if we have 10 cups of flour?
Let x be the number of eggs needed. Write the two types of
measurements, the number of eggs and the number of cups
of flour, in a column as shown.
 Proportions
When setting up a proportional equation for a word problem,
the two quantities for the same type of measurement must
occupy the same position in the fractions i.e. both must be in
numerator, or both must be in the denominator.
Example B. A recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour. How
many eggs are needed if we have 10 cups of flour?
Let x be the number of eggs needed. Write the two types of
measurements, the number of eggs and the number of cups
of flour, in a column as shown.
number of eggs
cups of flour
 Proportions
When setting up a proportional equation for a word problem,
the two quantities for the same type of measurement must
occupy the same position in the fractions i.e. both must be in
numerator, or both must be in the denominator.
Example B. A recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour. How
many eggs are needed if we have 10 cups of flour?
Let x be the number of eggs needed. Write the two types of
measurements, the number of eggs and the number of cups
of flour, in a column as shown. Then write down the ratios.
number of eggs
cups of flour
 Proportions
When setting up a proportional equation for a word problem,
the two quantities for the same type of measurement must
occupy the same position in the fractions i.e. both must be in
numerator, or both must be in the denominator.
Example B. A recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour. How
many eggs are needed if we have 10 cups of flour?
Let x be the number of eggs needed. Write the two types of
measurements, the number of eggs and the number of cups
of flour, in a column as shown. Then write down the ratios.
number of eggs x
cups of flour 10
 Proportions
When setting up a proportional equation for a word problem,
the two quantities for the same type of measurement must
occupy the same position in the fractions i.e. both must be in
numerator, or both must be in the denominator.
Example B. A recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour. How
many eggs are needed if we have 10 cups of flour?
Let x be the number of eggs needed. Write the two types of
measurements, the number of eggs and the number of cups
of flour, in a column as shown. Then write down the ratios.
number of eggs x 3
cups of flour 10 4
 Proportions
When setting up a proportional equation for a word problem,
the two quantities for the same type of measurement must
occupy the same position in the fractions i.e. both must be in
numerator, or both must be in the denominator.
Example B. A recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour. How
many eggs are needed if we have 10 cups of flour?
Let x be the number of eggs needed. Write the two types of
measurements, the number of eggs and the number of cups
of flour, in a column as shown. Then write down the ratios.
number of eggs x 3 Set them equal, we get
cups of flour 10 4
x =3
10 4
 Proportions
When setting up a proportional equation for a word problem,
the two quantities for the same type of measurement must
occupy the same position in the fractions i.e. both must be in
numerator, or both must be in the denominator.
Example B. A recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour. How
many eggs are needed if we have 10 cups of flour?
Let x be the number of eggs needed. Write the two types of
measurements, the number of eggs and the number of cups
of flour, in a column as shown. Then write down the ratios.
number of eggs x 3 Set them equal, we get
cups of flour 10 4
x =3 cross multiply
10 4
4x = 30
 Proportions
When setting up a proportional equation for a word problem,
the two quantities for the same type of measurement must
occupy the same position in the fractions i.e. both must be in
numerator, or both must be in the denominator.
Example B. A recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour. How
many eggs are needed if we have 10 cups of flour?
Let x be the number of eggs needed. Write the two types of
measurements, the number of eggs and the number of cups
of flour, in a column as shown. Then write down the ratios.
number of eggs x 3 Set them equal, we get
cups of flour 10 4
x =3 cross multiply
10 4
4x = 30
x = 30
4
 Proportions
When setting up a proportional equation for a word problem,
the two quantities for the same type of measurement must
occupy the same position in the fractions i.e. both must be in
numerator, or both must be in the denominator.
Example B. A recipe calls for 3 eggs and 4 cups of flour. How
many eggs are needed if we have 10 cups of flour?
Let x be the number of eggs needed. Write the two types of
measurements, the number of eggs and the number of cups
of flour, in a column as shown. Then write down the ratios.
number of eggs x 3 Set them equal, we get
cups of flour 10 4
x =3 cross multiply
10 4
4x = 30
x = 30
4 = 7½ We need 7½ eggs.
 Proportions
Example C. On a map, 4 inches corresponds to 21 miles in
real distance. What is the real distance between two points if
they are 14 inches apart on the map?
 Proportions
Example C. On a map, 4 inches corresponds to 21 miles in
real distance. What is the real distance between two points if
they are 14 inches apart on the map?
Let x be the number of real distance in miles and write the
two types of measurements as
 Proportions
Example C. On a map, 4 inches corresponds to 21 miles in
real distance. What is the real distance between two points if
they are 14 inches apart on the map?
Let x be the number of real distance in miles and write the
two types of measurements as
miles
inches
 Proportions
Example C. On a map, 4 inches corresponds to 21 miles in
real distance. What is the real distance between two points if
they are 14 inches apart on the map?
Let x be the number of real distance in miles and write the
two types of measurements as
miles x
inches 14
 Proportions
Example C. On a map, 4 inches corresponds to 21 miles in
real distance. What is the real distance between two points if
they are 14 inches apart on the map?
Let x be the number of real distance in miles and write the
two types of measurements as
miles x 21
inches 14 4
 Proportions
Example C. On a map, 4 inches corresponds to 21 miles in
real distance. What is the real distance between two points if
they are 14 inches apart on the map?
Let x be the number of real distance in miles and write the
two types of measurements as
miles x 21 Set them equal, we get
inches 14 4
x = 21
14 4
 Proportions
Example C. On a map, 4 inches corresponds to 21 miles in
real distance. What is the real distance between two points if
they are 14 inches apart on the map?
Let x be the number of real distance in miles and write the
two types of measurements as
miles x 21 Set them equal, we get
inches 14 4
x = 21 cross multiply
14 4
4x = 294
 Proportions
Example C. On a map, 4 inches corresponds to 21 miles in
real distance. What is the real distance between two points if
they are 14 inches apart on the map?
Let x be the number of real distance in miles and write the
two types of measurements as
miles x 21 Set them equal, we get
inches 14 4
x = 21 cross multiply
14 4
4x = 294
x = 294
4
 Proportions
Example C. On a map, 4 inches corresponds to 21 miles in
real distance. What is the real distance between two points if
they are 14 inches apart on the map?
Let x be the number of real distance in miles and write the
two types of measurements as
miles x 21 Set them equal, we get
inches 14 4
x = 21 cross multiply
14 4
4x = 294
x = 294
4 = 73½
So 4 inches corresponds to 73½ miles.
 Proportions
Geometric proportion gives us the sense of “similarity”, that is,
objects that are of the same shape but different sizes.
 Proportions
Geometric proportion gives us the sense of “similarity”, that is,
objects that are of the same shape but different sizes.
Given the following cats, which cat on the right is of the same
shape as the one on the left?

A.

B.
 Proportions
Geometric proportion gives us the sense of “similarity”, that is,
objects that are of the same shape but different sizes.
Given the following cats, which cat on the right is of the same
shape as the one on the left? The answer of course is A.

A.
similar

B.

not similar
 Proportions
Geometric proportion gives us the sense of “similarity”, that is,
objects that are of the same shape but different sizes.
Given the following cats, which cat on the right is of the same
shape as the one on the left? The answer of course is A.
This sense of similarity is due to the fact that
“all corresponding linear measurements are in proportion”.

A.
similar

B.

not similar
 Proportions
Geometric proportion gives us the sense of “similarity”, that is,
objects that are of the same shape but different sizes.
Given the following cats, which cat on the right is of the same
shape as the one on the left? The answer of course is A.
This sense of similarity is due to the fact that
“all corresponding linear measurements are in proportion”.

A.
similar

B.

not similar
 Proportions
For example, given the following similar cats,
 Proportions
For example, given the following similar cats, let’s identify
some corresponding points as shown.
 Proportions
For example, given the following similar cats, let’s identify
some corresponding points as shown. Suppose the following
measurements are known.

10 12 B.
 Proportions
For example, given the following similar cats, let’s identify
some corresponding points as shown. Suppose the following
measurements are known.

10 12 B.
 Proportions
For example, given the following similar cats, let’s identify
some corresponding points as shown. Suppose the following
measurements are known. Then we may find the distances
y and z by proportion.

y z
6

10 12 B.
 Proportions
For example, given the following similar cats, let’s identify
some corresponding points as shown. Suppose the following
measurements are known. Then we may find the distances
y and z by proportion. Since the distances between the tips
of the ears is 6 : 3 or 2 : 1 ratio,

y z
6

10 12 B.
 Proportions
For example, given the following similar cats, let’s identify
some corresponding points as shown. Suppose the following
measurements are known. Then we may find the distances
y and z by proportion. Since the distances between the tips
of the ears is 6 : 3 or 2 : 1 ratio, we see that
y=

y z
6

10 12 B.
 Proportions
For example, given the following similar cats, let’s identify
some corresponding points as shown. Suppose the following
measurements are known. Then we may find the distances
y and z by proportion. Since the distances between the tips
of the ears is 6 : 3 or 2 : 1 ratio, we see that
y = 10/5 = 2 and z = 12/2 = 6.

y z
6

10 12 B.
 Proportions
For example, given the following similar cats, let’s identify
some corresponding points as shown. Suppose the following
measurements are known. Then we may find the distances
y and z by proportion. Since the distances between the tips
of the ears is 6 : 3 or 2 : 1 ratio, we see that
y = 10/5 = 2 and z = 12/2 = 6.

5 6
6

10 12
 Proportions
Definition. Two geometric objects are similar if all
corresponding linear measurements are in proportion.

B.
 Proportions
Definition. Two geometric objects are similar if all
corresponding linear measurements are in proportion.
Hence if X, Y and Z are the measurements from the original
cat as shown,

Y Z B.
 Proportions
Definition. Two geometric objects are similar if all
corresponding linear measurements are in proportion.
Hence if X, Y and Z are the measurements from the original
cat as shown, and x, y and z are the corresponding
measurements in the similar copy,

y z
X

Y Z B.
 Proportions
Definition. Two geometric objects are similar if all
corresponding linear measurements are in proportion.
Hence if X, Y and Z are the measurements from the original
cat as shown, and x, y and z are the corresponding
measurements in the similar copy, then it must be that
X Y Z
x = y = z
x

y z
X

Y Z B.
 Proportions
Definition. Two geometric objects are similar if all
corresponding linear measurements are in proportion.
Hence if X, Y and Z are the measurements from the original
cat as shown, and x, y and z are the corresponding
measurements in the similar copy, then it must be that
X Y
x = y = Z or that X
Y =
x
y etc…
z
x

y z
X

Y Z B.
 Proportions
Definition. Two geometric objects are similar if all
corresponding linear measurements are in proportion.
Hence if X, Y and Z are the measurements from the original
cat as shown, and x, y and z are the corresponding
measurements in the similar copy, then it must be that
X Y
x = y = Z or that X
Y =
x
y etc…
z
x

y z
X

Y Z B.

This mathematical formulation of similarity is the basis for

biometric security software such as facial recognition systems.
 Proportions
The reason that linear proportionality gives us the sense of
similarity is due to visual geometry, that is, the visual images
of an object at different distances form a “cone”.
 Proportions
The reason that linear proportionality gives us the sense of
similarity is due to visual geometry, that is, the visual images
of an object at different distances form a “cone”.
 Proportions
The reason that linear proportionality gives us the sense of
similarity is due to visual geometry, that is, the visual images
of an object at different distances form a “cone”.
One can easily demonstrate that in such projection, similar
images of two different sizes must preserve the ratio of two
corresponding distance measurements – as in the above
definition of similarity.
 Proportions
The reason that linear proportionality gives us the sense of
similarity is due to visual geometry, that is, the visual images
of an object at different distances form a “cone”.
One can easily demonstrate that in such projection, similar
images of two different sizes must preserve the ratio of two
corresponding distance measurements – as in the above
definition of similarity.

Similar triangles
 Proportions
The Golden Ratio
 Proportions
The Golden Ratio
An important ratio in arts and science is the golden ratio.
 Proportions
The Golden Ratio
An important ratio in arts and science is the golden ratio.
Cut a line segment of length 1 into two, a long one L and a
short one s such that the ratio of “1 to L” is the same as
“L to s”,
 Proportions
The Golden Ratio
An important ratio in arts and science is the golden ratio.
Cut a line segment of length 1 into two, a long one L and a
short one s such that the ratio of “1 to L” is the same as
“L to s”,
1
 Proportions
The Golden Ratio
An important ratio in arts and science is the golden ratio.
Cut a line segment of length 1 into two, a long one L and a
short one s such that the ratio of “1 to L” is the same as
“L to s”,
1
L
 Proportions
The Golden Ratio
An important ratio in arts and science is the golden ratio.
Cut a line segment of length 1 into two, a long one L and a
short one s such that the ratio of “1 to L” is the same as
“L to s”,
1
L
1
L
 Proportions
The Golden Ratio
An important ratio in arts and science is the golden ratio.
Cut a line segment of length 1 into two, a long one L and a
short one s such that the ratio of “1 to L” is the same as
“L to s”,
1
L s
1 = L
L s
 Proportions
The Golden Ratio
An important ratio in arts and science is the golden ratio.
Cut a line segment of length 1 into two, a long one L and a
short one s such that the ratio of “1 to L” is the same as
“L to s”,
1
L s
1 = L
L s
The ratio1/L is the Golden Ratio.
 Proportions
The Golden Ratio
An important ratio in arts and science is the golden ratio.
Cut a line segment of length 1 into two, a long one L and a
short one s such that the ratio of “1 to L” is the same as
“L to s”,
1
L s
1 = L
L s
The ratio1/L is the Golden Ratio.
Since s = 1 – L, we’ve 1 L
=
L (1 – L)
 Proportions
The Golden Ratio
An important ratio in arts and science is the golden ratio.
Cut a line segment of length 1 into two, a long one L and a
short one s such that the ratio of “1 to L” is the same as
“L to s”,
1
L s
1 = L
L s
The ratio1/L is the Golden Ratio.
Since s = 1 – L, we’ve 1 L
=
L (1 – L)
=
cross multiply 1– L L2
 Proportions
The Golden Ratio
An important ratio in arts and science is the golden ratio.
Cut a line segment of length 1 into two, a long one L and a
short one s such that the ratio of “1 to L” is the same as
“L to s”,
1
L s
1 = L
L s
The ratio1/L is the Golden Ratio.
Since s = 1 – L, we’ve 1 L
=
L (1 – L)
=
cross multiply 1– L L2
0 = L2 + L – 1
 Proportions
The Golden Ratio
An important ratio in arts and science is the golden ratio.
Cut a line segment of length 1 into two, a long one L and a
short one s such that the ratio of “1 to L” is the same as
“L to s”,
1
L s
1 = L
L s
The ratio1/L is the Golden Ratio.
Since s = 1 – L, we’ve 1 L
=
L (1 – L)
=
cross multiply 1– L L2
0 = L2 + L – 1
This is not factorable so by the quadratic formula
L=
 Proportions
The Golden Ratio
An important ratio in arts and science is the golden ratio.
Cut a line segment of length 1 into two, a long one L and a
short one s such that the ratio of “1 to L” is the same as
“L to s”,
1
L s
1 = L
L s
The ratio1/L is the Golden Ratio.
Since s = 1 – L, we’ve 1 L
=
L (1 – L)
=
cross multiply 1– L L2
0 = L2 + L – 1
We’ll see later that the answer for L is about 0.618.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_ratio
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_spiral
 Proportions
Ex. A. Solve for x.
1. 3 = 21 8 6 = 2
2. 4x = 3.
x 3 x+1

4. 7 = –2x–5
+1 5. 6 = 1
x+1 2 6. 3x = 5x2+ 1
x = 2/3 3 = 9 1½ = –2x/7
7. 14 8. 9.
7/5 2x/5 4/3 3 –5
10. 2x3+ 1 = 32 11. –4 = –x+2
3 2
2x – 3 = x– 5
1 3
12. x – = 13.
2 2x + 1 3 2
x–4 2x + 1 = –3
14. = 32 15.
x–1 3x 5
2x + 1 = 3x +2 2x + 1 = 3
16. 17.
3 2 x–3 2
x+1 = 2x x+4 x
18. 19. =
3 x 2
 Proportions
Ex. B. (Solve each problem. It’s easier if fractional proportions
are rewritten as proportions of integers.)
Different cookie recipes are given, find the missing amounts.
20. If 4 cups of flour need 3 tsp of salt,
then 10 cups flour need how much of salt?
21. If 5 cups of flour need 7 cups of water
then 10 cups water need how much of flour?
22. If 5 cups of flour need 7 cups of water
then 10 cups flour need how much of water?
23. If 2 ½ tsp of butter flour need 3/4 tsp of salt,
then 6 tsp of salt need how much of flour.
For the given map scales below, find the missing amounts.
24. If 1¼ inches equals 5 miles real distance, how many
miles is 5 inches on the map?
25. If 2½ inches equals 140 miles real distance, how many
inches on the map correspond to the distance of 1,100 miles?
 Proportions
Ex. C. 26 – 31. Solve for x. Use the given A, B and C,.
1
3 5

5 6
4

A. B. C.

x x
26. 27. 15 28.
6
20 x

31. 2x – 3
29. x 30. x

x+2 3x + 4 20 2x

32–37. Find the surface areas of each cat above if A’s surface
area is 2 ft2, B’s surfaces area is 7 ft2. and C’s is 280 ft2?
38–43. Find the weight of each cat above if cat A is 20 lbs,
cat B is 8 lb. and cat C is 350 lb?