Section1 Probability (Intro)

1.Venn Diagram

1-Union

A⋃B / A or B

‫ يعنى االتحاد‬or ‫لما يذكر فى المسألة‬

OR  Union

2-Intersection

A⋂B / A and B

AND  Intersection

3-Compliment

𝐴𝑐 / Not A

NOT Compliment

Section (1) Probability Eng. Ayman Gomaa

 4-Difference

A-B

NOTE : 𝐵𝑐 ⋂A = A-B

5-Compliment of Union

(𝐴⋃𝐵)𝑐 = 𝐴𝑐 ⋂ 𝐵𝑐

Neither A NOR B

Compliment of Union

Section (1) Probability Eng. Ayman Gomaa

 IMPORTANT RULES :
1. A ⋃ (B⋂C) = (A⋃B) ⋂ (A⋃C)

2. A ⋂ (B⋃C) = (A⋂B) ⋃ (A⋂C)

3. (𝑨⋃𝑩)𝒄 = 𝑨𝒄 ⋂ 𝑩𝒄
4. (𝐴𝑐 ) 𝑐 = 𝐴
5. 𝑆 𝑐 = ø
6. ø𝒄 = S
7. (𝐴⋃𝐴𝑐 ) = 𝑆
(𝐴⋂𝐴𝑐 ) = ø

8. A⋂B = A  A⊂B

A⋃B = A  B⊂A

9. A≡B  A⊂B & B⊂A

Section (1) Probability Eng. Ayman Gomaa

 1.Random CASE I CASE II
Experiment
Toss one Coin Toss one dice
once once
2.Outcomes H or T 1 or 2 or 3 … or 6
Single Result
3.Sample Space
"S" S = {H,T} S = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
All Results
4.Event (E) E1 ≡ Not head = {T} E1 ≡ Even no. = {2,4,6}
E⊂S E2 ≡ Head = {H} E2 ≡ Prime no. = {2,3,5}
E3 ≡ No.>7. = ø
E3 ≡ No.>7 = ø
E4 ≡ No.<7. = S
E4 ≡ Pass in Maths 5 = ø

ø
𝑛(𝐸)
𝑃(𝐸 ) =
𝑛(𝑆)

0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1

Impossible Event Certain Event

Section (1) Probability Eng. Ayman Gomaa