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Soildyn5corr 170831204149 PDF
Soildyn5corr 170831204149 PDF
Soildyn5corr 170831204149 PDF
1 Introduction
Ground Response Analysis
1 Introduction
Ground Response Analysis
Different depths of soil, given similar soils, what happens with the 40 m
of soil ?.
1 Introduction
Ground Response Analysis
Motion at the surface of a soil deposit - free surface motion; Motion at the base of
the soil deposit - bedrock motion; Motion at a location where bedrock is exposed -
outcropping motion.
Transfer Functions - TF
1 1
|F (ω)| = cos(kH) = cos(ωH/vs )
1 1
|F (ω)| = √ =√
cos2 (kH)+(ξkH)2 cos2 (ωH/vs )+(ξωH/vs )2
In the rigid model, the waves are perfectly reflected by the rock. In this
case, there are reflected and transferred waves. In addition, the
presence of damping will imply complex stiffness.
Transfer Function
1 1
|F (ω)| = cos(ks∗ H)+(iα∗z sin(ks∗ H)
= cos(ωH/vs,s
∗ )+(iα∗ sin(ωH/v ∗ )
z s,s
Where,
ρ
p
k∗ = ω G∗
- Complex wave number
ρ v∗
αz∗ = ρrs vs,s
∗ - Complex impedance ratio
s,r
p
vs = G∗ /ρ - Complex shear wave velocity
1
|F (ω)| = √
cos2 (ks H)+α2z sin2 ks H
- Elastic solutions are not real, but can still be useful e.g initial design
projects (they are quick and stable).
Advantages:
- Fast
- Direct Solution
- Good for very stiff soil/rock and or very small ground motions.
Disadvantages
-Does not account for soil nonlinearity (soil dynamic properties do not
change with strain).
2) Nonlinear approach.
Use a single modulus and damping value for each layer that
represents the average shear response during an earthquake.
M agnitude−1
γef f = Rγ (γmax ), where, Rγ = 10 Idriss and Seed (1992)
Procedure:
4) Using γef f for each layer, obtain new estimates of G and ξ values
from the modulus reduction and damping curves for each layer.
5) Repeat steps 2-4 until some tolerance in the computed shear strain
is met, or until the maximum number of iterations has been achieved.
Because the equivalent linear method adopts the linear approach to site
response, it is possible to ”go both ways” with the transfer function.
Ground surface recorded motions include things like 3-D effects, basin
effects, wave reflections, etc. Therefore, not all of the observed ground
motions are simply due to soil amplification. So, in reality, the
difference between the soft soil site and the stiff soil site probably is
not 1:1.
Steven L. Kramer.
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering.
Prentice Hall, 1996.
CEEN 545 - Lecture 21 - Nonlinear Site Response. Link