Topic1 PDF

1.
1 Presentation of Numbers on a Computer

Errors in Numerical Solutions
Computers and Programming
Review of Calculus
Exercises
Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of

errors
Do Ngoc Diep
November 28, 2019
Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

1.1 Presentation of Numbers on a Computer
Review of Calculus
Exercises

Review of Calculus
Exercises

Review of Calculus
Exercises

Background
Representation of numbers on a computer
Review of Calculus
Exercises
µmg
F =
cos θ + µ sin θ
F = Newton force, µ = coefficient of static friction, m =
mass of the block, g = gravitational constant,

Background
Review of Calculus
Exercises
Example 1.1. pendulum
P Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Background
Review of Calculus
Exercises
Setting: P¯ 2
1. Governing equation: F = −cL dθ dt
− mg sin θ = mL ddt 2θ
Initial condition θ(0) = θ0 and dθ |
dt t=0
= 0.
d 2θ dθ
2. Method of solution. ML dt 2 + cL dt + mg θ = 0.
θ0 = 5o , sin θ ≈ θ + some error.

Background
Review of Calculus
Exercises
decimal number: 60, 724.3125 = 6 × 104 + 7 × 102 + 2 ×

101 + 4 × 100 + 3 × 10−1 + 1 × 10−2 + 2 × 10−3 + 5 × 10−4 .
Example 1.4

Background
Review of Calculus
Exercises
Example 1.5.

Background
Review of Calculus
Exercises
Underesflow and Overflow

Errors in Numerical Solutions Round-Off Errors
Computers and Programming Trancation Errors
Review of Calculus Total Errors
Exercises

Exercises

Exercises
Taylor’s series expansion:
x3 x5 x7
sin(x) = x − + − + ...
3! 5! 7!
Trancation:
x3 x5 x7
sin(x) = x − , E TR = − + ...
3! 5! 7!
Remainder formula
1
f (x2 ) − f (x1 ) = f (k+1) (ξ)(x2 − x1 ).
(k + 1)!

Exercises

Review of Calculus
Exercises
Write a computer program in C,C++, Pascal, MATLAB,

Python to compute the value of π up to n term. Example:
∞
X 1 1 1 1 1 1
π=4 (−1)n−1 =4 1− + − + − + ...
n=1
2n − 1 3 5 7 9 11

Review of Calculus
Exercises
Limit of a function at a point limx→x0 f (x) = L
Continuous function on a set X

limx→x0 f (x) = f (x0 ), ∀x0 ∈ X
Review of Calculus
Exercises
Convergent Sequence
limn→∞ xn = x ⇐⇒ ∀ε > 0, ∃N = N(ε); ∀n ≥ N, |xn − x| < ε.
Theorem
If f is a function defined on a set X of real numbers, x0 ∈ X ,
then the following statement are equivalent:
a. f is continuous at x0
b. For any sequence xn → x0 in X , lim f (xn ) = f (x0 ).

Review of Calculus
Exercises
Theorem
If the function f is differentiable at x0 then f is continuous at
x0 .

Review of Calculus
Exercises
Geometric meaning of derivative.

Review of Calculus
Exercises

Review of Calculus
Exercises

Review of Calculus
Exercises

Review of Calculus
Exercises
Rolle’s Theorem

Review of Calculus
Exercises
Intermediate Value Theorem

Review of Calculus
Exercises
Riemann Integral

Review of Calculus
Exercises

Review of Calculus
Exercises

Review of Calculus
Exercises

Review of Calculus
Exercises

Review of Calculus
Exercises

Review of Calculus
Exercises
An Example of Pseudo-code

Review of Calculus
Exercises
Home Works
1.1, 1.3, 1.4, 1.10, 1.18, 1.19, 1.21, 1.30

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1.

1 Presentation of Numbers on a Computer

Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of

November 28, 2019

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Example 1.1. pendulum

P Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

decimal number: 60, 724.3125 = 6 × 104 + 7 × 102 + 2 ×

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Underesflow and Overflow

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Taylor’s series expansion:

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Write a computer program in C,C++, Pascal, MATLAB,

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Limit of a function at a point limx→x0 f (x) = L

Continuous function on a set X

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Geometric meaning of derivative.

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Intermediate Value Theorem

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

1.1, 1.3, 1.4, 1.10, 1.18, 1.19, 1.21, 1.30

Do Ngoc Diep Topic 1. Introduction in the theory of errors

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