 Suspension Bridge

 Cable Stayed Bridge

 Suspension Bridge Wizard

 Suspension Bridge
 Suspension Bridge
Wizard
 Suspension Bridge
Analysis Control
 Analysis Example
 Construction Analysis

 Cable Stayed Bridge

Suspension Bridge Wizard generates

a 3-dimensional suspension bridge
including self-anchored. Initial
geometry is found, and unstrained
lengths and initial cable forces are
calculated.
 Suspension Bridge Wizard

 Suspension Bridge A. Geometry

 Suspension Bridge B B. Section &
Wizard
 Suspension Bridge Material
Analysis Control
 Analysis Example C. Deck System
 Construction Analysis A D. Preview
 Cable Stayed Bridge C
Input node
coordinates &
hanger distances

D
 Suspension Bridge Wizard

 Suspension Bridge A. Geometry

 Suspension Bridge B B. Section &
Wizard
 Suspension Bridge Material
Analysis Control
 Analysis Example C. Deck System
 Construction Analysis A D. Preview
 Cable Stayed Bridge C
Define sections
and materials of
each part of the
bridge.

D
 Suspension Bridge Wizard

Deck Cross Section defined by SPC

 Suspension Bridge (Sectional Property Calculator)
 Suspension Bridge
Wizard
 Suspension Bridge
Analysis Control
 Analysis Example
 Construction Analysis

 Cable Stayed Bridge

Sectional Property Calculator(SPC)

 Suspension Bridge Wizard

 Suspension Bridge A. Geometry

 Suspension Bridge B B. Section &
Wizard
 Suspension Bridge Material
Analysis Control
 Analysis Example C. Deck System
 Construction Analysis A D. Preview
 Cable Stayed Bridge C
Input width,
height and
weight of deck.

D
 Suspension Bridge Wizard

 Suspension Bridge A. Geometry

 Suspension Bridge B B. Section &
Wizard
 Suspension Bridge Material
Analysis Control
 Analysis Example C. Deck System
 Construction Analysis A D. Preview
 Cable Stayed Bridge C
Model preview is
updated in real
time as the
geometry data is
input.

D
 Suspension Bridge Wizard

 Suspension Bridge Find cable

 Suspension Bridge coordinates and
Wizard forces using the
 Suspension Bridge equilibrium
Analysis Control condition and
 Analysis Example
Equilibrium in X-Z Plane Equilibrium in Y-Z Plane nonlinear analysis
 Construction Analysis
of cable

 Cable Stayed Bridge

Generate the
model with
simplified deck
and pylons.
 Suspension Bridge Analysis Control
The model from the Wizard has been
 Suspension Bridge simplified based on the assumptions in
the wizard.
 Suspension Bridge
Wizard Therefore, the model has to be modified
 Suspension Bridge according to the actual design.
Analysis Control After updating, the 2nd analysis has to be
 Analysis Example performed to reflect the change of the
 Construction Analysis system.
 Cable Stayed Bridge

The simplified model

The actual design model from the wizard
 Suspension Bridge Analysis Control

 Suspension Bridge
 Suspension Bridge
Wizard
 Suspension Bridge
Analysis Control Select the node group, which is to
 Analysis Example be updated, and the sag points.
 Construction Analysis

 Cable Stayed Bridge

Suspension Bridge Analysis Control Dialog

 Suspension Bridge Analysis Control

 Suspension Bridge
 Suspension Bridge
Wizard
 Suspension Bridge
Analysis Control Select the node group which is to
 Analysis Example be updated and in the sag point.
 Construction Analysis

 Cable Stayed Bridge Select the load case for which the
cable forces will satisfy the
equilibrium condition.

Suspension Bridge Analysis Control Dialog

 Suspension Bridge Analysis Control

 Suspension Bridge Structural Data and

 Suspension Convergence Criteria
Bridge
Wizard
 Suspension Bridge Perform Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Analysis Control Calculate inequilibrium forces
Calculate node coordinates
 Analysis Example and element forces
 Construction Analysis In case of a self-anchored
suspension bridge, deformations
 Cable Stayed Bridge occur at the tops of the pylons
Check Convergence
with displacement difference and the ends of the deck due to
the axial forces in the deck.

Update node coordinates

Re-calculation of the unstrained lengths
Calculate the element equilibrium forces
Determine the node coordinates
Determine the unstrained lengths
Determine the element equilibrium forces
The longitudinal deformation
means the change in the boundary
condition, and this change is
reflected by introducing the initial
element forces.

Suspension Bridge Analysis Control Dialog

 Analysis Examples

 Suspension Bridge Example of Suspension Bridges

 Suspension Bridge
Wizard
 Suspension Bridge
Analysis Control
 Analysis Example
 Construction Analysis

 Cable Stayed Bridge

Youngjong Bridge
3-Dimensional Self-Anchored
 Analysis Examples

 Suspension Bridge Example of Suspension Bridges

 Suspension Bridge
Wizard
 Suspension Bridge
Analysis Control
 Analysis Example
 Construction Analysis

 Cable Stayed Bridge

Kwangan Bridge
 Analysis Examples
Example of Suspension Bridges
 Suspension Bridge
 Suspension Bridge
Wizard
 Suspension Bridge
Analysis Control
 Analysis Example
 Construction Analysis

 Cable Stayed Bridge

No Hangers in the Side Spans

 Analysis Examples
Example of Suspension Bridges
 Suspension Bridge
 Suspension Bridge
Wizard
 Suspension Bridge
Analysis Control
 Analysis Example
 Construction Analysis

 Cable Stayed Bridge

Inclined Hangers
 Backward Geometric Nonlinear Analysis

 Suspension Bridge
Perform backward
 Suspension Bridge nonlinear analysis
Wizard considering the element
 Suspension Bridge forces at the initial state
Analysis Control as the element
 Analysis Example equilibrium forces.
 Construction Analysis

 Cable Stayed Bridge

 Suspension Bridge

 Cable Stayed Bridge

 Initial Equilibrium State Analysis

 Suspension Bridge

 Cable Stayed Bridge

 Initial Equilibrium
State Analysis
 Cable Pretensions in
Construction Stages Find the initial cable pretensions using
 Forward Analysis ‘Unknown Load Factor’
using Initial State
Pretensions
 The Calculation of
the Closing Forces Obtain optimized cable
 Analysis Example pretensions satisfying the
constraints.
In case the numbers of
constraints and unknowns
are the same, pretensions
can be found by
simultaneous equations,
which are quick and
Unknown Load Factor simple.
 Cable Pretensions in Construction Stages

 Suspension Bridge
Iteration
 Cable Stayed Bridge
 Initial Equilibrium
State Analysis Set up
 Cable Pretensions in constraints and
unknowns
Construction Stages
 Forward Analysis
Load Factors
using Initial State Found
Pretensions
 The Calculation of
the Closing Forces
 Analysis Example
Iteration
Cable pretensions in construction Control
stages can be also obtained by
Unknown Load Factor.
Iterative analysis method enables
us to find cable forces of the bridges
in which time dependent effects are
considered.
 Forward Analysis using Initial State Pretensions
Using pretensions from the initial state analysis, cable pretensions in
the construction stages (CS) can be found without the backward
 Suspension Bridge
analysis.
 Cable Stayed Bridge
 Initial Equilibrium
Pretensions in the Initial State
State Analysis
 Cable Pretensions in
Construction Stages
 Forward Analysis
using Initial State
Pretensions
 The Calculation of
the Closing Forces
 Analysis Example
 Forward Analysis using Initial State Pretensions
The additional pretensions are required in CS because of the
 Suspension Bridge difference in cable lengths between the initial state and the
construction stages.
 Cable Stayed Bridge
Such additional force is called the ‘Lack of Fit Force’.
 Initial Equilibrium
State Analysis
 Cable Pretensions in
Construction Analysis
Construction Stages Control
 Forward Analysis
using Initial State
Pretensions (Ui, Vi)
 The Calculation of L
Cable Length in (ub = uj - ui)
the Closing Forces initial State L’
ub
 Analysis Example
L

vb
ΔL (vb = vj - vi)
L’

Cable
L' - L  L = Vb Cos  UbSinPretension in
Initial State

EA
ΔT =Cable ΔL Tf = Ti + T
Cable Length in (Uj, Vj) L in
Pretension
CS State Lack of Fit Force
Construction Stages
 The Calculation of the Closing Forces
The closing force calculation is required in order to keep the
 Suspension Bridge key-segment become continuous with decks at the joints.
The closing force is calculated by applying the lack of fit
 Cable Stayed Bridge
force to the beam element (key segment).
 Initial Equilibrium
State Analysis
 Cable Pretensions in
Construction Stages
 Forward Analysis
using Initial State Key Segment Without closing force
Pretensions
 The Calculation of
the Closing Forces
 Analysis Example
The specified displacement
is calculated so that the key
segment can be continuous Key Segment
with the neighboring Θ Θ
elements.
With closing force
The displacement is
transformed into element
forces and applied to the
key segment Reference Level
 Forward Analysis Using the Lack of Fit Force
Using the ‘Lack of Fit Force’, the final result of the forward analysis
 Suspension Bridge can be obtained as the same as the result of the initial state.

 Cable Stayed Bridge

 Initial
Initial State
Equilibrium
State Analysis
 Cable Pretensions in
Construction Stages
 Forward Analysis
using Initial State
The pretension forces from
Pretensions the initial state are applied
 The Calculation of to the construction stage
model as well.
the Closing Forces
 Analysis Example

Construction
Stage
 Analysis Example
Example of a

 Suspension Bridge Cable Stayed Bridge

 Cable Stayed Bridge

 Initial Equilibrium
State Analysis
Stonecutters Bridge
 Cable Pretensions in
Construction Stages
 Forward Analysis
using Initial State
Pretensions
 The Calculation of
the Closing Forces
 Analysis Example