Nancy Ward 1738 - 1822

(Tame Doe3Raven, Anaway2 Moytoy, Amatoya1Moytoy)

Nancy Ward from the Cherokee Registry First Light on Line

Nanyehi Nancy Ward "The Ghi Ga U"

She was a Full blood of the Wolf Clan, born in Chota, the City of Refuge and Capitol of the Cherokee Nation. Her
Great grandfather was Moytoy of Tellico Supreme Chief 1730 --1760. Moytoy's second daughter, born about 1663 and
her husband, The "Raven" of Chotawere Nancy's grandparents.

Nancy holds a position of great significancein Cherokee history.

In 1738, Tame Do (the sister of Attakullakulla) and her husband, thought to be a Delaware Indian brave or Chief ( who
died early in her life) gave birth to a daughter named Nancy, who in time became the last true Ghi Ga U or Beloved
Woman of the Cherokees, and in who, in her views regarding Cherokee and white relationships, was an ally of Little
Carpenter (Attakullakulla).

In the early 1750's, she married the noted war leader, Kingfisher of the Deer Clan, and was at his side when in 1755 he
was killed by Creek warriors at the battle of Taliwa. She immediately picked up his weapons and rallied the Cherokee
warriors to overwhelming victory. Back at Chota, she was chosen to fill the vacant position of a Beloved Woman. It
was believed that the Supreme Beings often spoke to the people through the beloved women, and they were given
absolute power in the question of what to do with prisoners taken in war, a power exclusive to Ghi Ga U. Nancy did not
hesitate to use the power. She was also head of the influential woman's council that consisted of a representative from
each clan, and she sat as a voting member of the council of chiefs.

In the late 1750's, about 1759, she married an already wed white trader named Bryant Ward, who before 1760 left her
and returned to his white wife and children in South Carolina. In 1772, an English diplomat named Robertson visited
Nancy's home at Chota, which he described as being furnished in a barbaric splendor that befitted her high rank. She
was then thirty - five years old and he pictured her as "queenly and commanding"(Mooney -Myths of the Cherokeepg.
204 )

In June 1776, Dragging Canoe, Abraham and Raven , Cherokee War Chiefs, with 250 warriors each, at the instigation
of the British, planned to attack Western settlements. Ghi Ga u warned the settlers of the impending attacks, then on
July 20, 1776, Abraham, marching to attack Watauga in East Tennessee, captured Mrs. William Bean, mother of the
first white child born in Tennessee. When the war party returned to Cherokee Country, Mrs. Bean was condemned to
be burned at the stake. She was conducted to the top of a mound that stood in the center of Tuskeegee, which was
located just above the mouth of the Tellico or Little Tennessee River. Bound at the stake, faggots piled around, torch
about to be applied, GhiGau appeared , cut the thongs and took the captive to her home, where Mrs. Bean taught her
how to keep house and make butter. As soon as it was safe, Ghi Ga u sent her brother, Tuskeegeeteehee, or Longfellow
of Chistatoa and her son Hiskyteehee, or Fivekiller sometimes called Littlefellow, to escort Mrs. Bean to her husband.
Numerous settlements had been made on Cherokee land, in direct violation of royal decree from England.

When the Revolutionary War broke out, the Cherokees again sided with the English. In 1776, the Cherokees prepared
to attack simultaneously the frontier settlements of Virginia, the Carolinas, andGeorgia. The responsibility assigned to
700 warriors from chota was to strike the settlers who lived in the Watuga area. As much for theCherokees' sake as for
that of the settlers, Nancy Ward helped IsaacThomas, William Fawling and another white man to escape from Chota to
warn the Watugans in time to build fortifications. This act established Nancy's reputation as a friend of the settlers.
When in October 1776 Colonel William Christian led nearly 2,000 troops in a devastating raid,out of respect for Nancy
Ward he spared Chota, while most of the other Cherokee towns were ravaged. In 1780, at a time when most of the
Wataugamen were away from home and engaged in the King's Mountain campaign, at the same time, the frontier rear
guards became short on rations and NancyWard agreed to supply beef and had some cattle driven in, the Cherokees
again prepared to attack the settlements in the Watauga area. Nancy Ward warned the whites a second time, but when
the soldiers returned from King's Mountain and learned of the threat, they were enraged, and set out to teach the
Cherokees a lesson they would never forget. Despite NancyWard's pleas for mercy and friendship, Chota was destroyed
along withother towns, and for a short time she and her family were placed in protective custody. When they were
released, they returned to help rebuild the town, and on July 20, 1781, she was the featured speaker for the Cherokees
when the reeling people reluctantly accepted a peace treaty with the Wataugans.

When the Treaty of Hopewell was made in South Carolina in 1785, she offered another dramatic plea for continued
peace between the Indians and the whites. Once the unhappy war years were ended she lived in Chota, where although
it was no longer the capitol of the nation, it was still a city of refuge, and from all over the nation she took into her
home orphaned and homeless waifs, including mixed breeds.

Nancy Ward died in 1822, a truly remarkable woman who learned a permanent place of honor in Cherokee and white
history"( The CherokeePeople pp. 193 - 194) Ghi Ga u conducted an inn at the Womankiller ford of the Ocowee River
for many years and became quite wealthy; her property consisted of livestock, slaves and money. Travelers called her
"Granny Ward" because of her age and that she was the widow of Bryant Ward Nancy grew too old to meet with
council and other chiefs, she sent her servant to take her walking stick, her badge of authority, to her appointed seat in
the council building to assure that her spirit was there, most notably the council at Amoah, May 6, 1817, the
renunciation of her delegated rights and in favor of the first Constitutional Enactment of the Cherokees. Nancy Ward
died at her home at the Womankiller ford, in the spring of 1822. Her grave site, a designated state park, is located on a
knoll next to U. S. Highway 411, just South of Benton, Tennessee. Buried beside her son, Fivekiller, a veteran of the
War of 1812, and her brother Longfellow. Her grave site overlooks the site where Nancy ran her inn, where the old
Unicoy Pikecrossed the Ocoee River.( the Pike was the main road from Knoxville intoNorthern Georgia and was a
popular resting place for travelers)
Speech 1817

What follows was perhaps not a speech, but rather a written document which was not found in the Amovey Council
memorandum. Dated May 2nd, 1817, it was found in the Andrew Jackson Papers, Book 29, No. 17, Volume 1, pages
6452-3:

The Cherokee ladys now being present at the meeting of the Chiefs and warriors in council have thought it their duty as
mothers to address their beloved chiefs and warriors now assembled.
Our beloved children and head men of the Cherokee nation we address you warriors now assembled.

Our beloved children and head men of the Cherokee nation we address you warriors in council we have raised all of
you on the land which we now have, which God gave us to inhabit and raise provisions we know that our country has
once been extensive but by repeated sales has become circumscribed to a small tract and never have thought it our duty
to interfere in the disposition of it till now, if a father or mother was to sell all their lands which they had to depend on
which their children had to raise their living on which would be indeed bad and to be removed to another country we do
not wish to go to an unknown country which we have understood would be like destroying your mothers. Your mothers
your sisters ask and beg of you not to part with any more of our lands, we say ours you are descendants and take pity on
our request, but keep it for our growing children for it was the good will of our creator to place us here and you know
our father the great president will not allow his white children to take our country away only keep you hands off of
paper talks for it is our own country for if it was not they would not ask you to put your hands to paper for it would be
impossible to remove us all for as soon as one child is raised we have others in our arms for such is our situation and
will consider our circumstance.

Therefore children don't part with any more of our lands but continue on it and enlarge your farms and cultivate and
raise corn and cotton and we your mothers and sisters will make clothing for you which our father the president has
recommended to us all we don't charge anybody for selling any lands, but we have heard such intentions of our children
but your talks become true at least and it was our desire to forewarn you all not to part with our lands.
Nancy Wart to her children Warriors take pity and listen to the talks of your sisters, although I am very old yet cannot
but pity the situation in which you will hear of their minds, I have great many grand children which I wish them to do
well on our land.
Attested
Newspaper Article

The Cherokee Beloved Woman; Wild Rose of the Cherokee; Pocahontas of the West; War Woman; Prophetess;
Granny Ward, these are a few of the names and titles given to Nancy Ward, the most powerful and influential woman
in the Cherokee Nation during recorded history. She ruled over the powerful Council of Women and had a voting seat
in the Council of Chiefs. During her lifetime the Cherokee moved from a matriarchal, clan-type of government to a
republic much like our own.

She was born in 1738 at Chota and was loved and respected by the settlers as well as the Cherokees. She had absolute
power over prisoners and on numerous occasions saved the lives of white people. On at least two occasions during the
Revolutionary War period she sent warnings to John Sevier at the Watauga settlements of planned Indian attacks, thus
giving them time to prepare a defense or counter-offensive.

She participated in the Treaty of July 20, 1781, and the Treaty at Hopewell, November 28, 1785, as a principal speaker.
She alluded to her never ending desire to seek peace for her people and to hold on to as much of their land as possible.
After the Hiwassee Purchase of 1819, she left Chota and settled on the Ocoee River near Benton, Tennessee. She
operated an inn at Woman Killer Ford on the Federal Road until her death in 1822. She is buried on a hill nearby. In
1923 a monument was placed on her grave by a Chattanooga Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution.

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