EXPERIMENT NO 01

DATE:

AIM :
To perform transient analysis of a RC network circuit and also plot its input and output
characteristics.
THEORY :
A resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit), or RC filter or RC network, is an electric
circuit composed of resistors and capacitors driven by a voltage or current source. A
first order RC circuit is composed of one resistor and one capacitor and is the simplest
type of RC circuit.
RC circuits can be used to filter a signal by blocking certain frequencies and passing
others. The two most common RC filters are the high-pass filters and low-pass
filters; band-pass filters and band-stop filters usually require RLC filters, though crude
ones can be made with RC filters.
When an increasing DC voltage is applied to a discharged capacitor, the capacitor
draws a charging current and “charges up”, and when the voltage is reduced, the
capacitor discharges in the opposite direction. Because capacitors are able to store
electrical energy they act like small batteries and can store or release the energy as
required.
The charge on the plates of the capacitor is given as: Q = CV. This charging (storage)
and discharging (release) of a capacitors energy is never instant but takes a certain
amount of time to occur with the time taken for the capacitor to charge or discharge to
within a certain percentage of its maximum supply value being known as its Time
Constant ( τ ).
If a resistor is connected in series with the capacitor forming an RC circuit, the capacitor
will charge up gradually through the resistor until the voltage across the capacitor
reaches that of the supply voltage. The time also called the transient response, required
for the capacitor to fully charge is equivalent to about 5 time constants or 5T.
This transient response time T, is measured in terms of τ = R x C, in seconds,
where R is the value of the resistor in ohms and C is the value of the capacitor in
Farads. This then forms the basis of an RC charging circuit were 5T can also be thought
of as “5 x RC”.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :-

CODE :-

1) Transient R-C analysis

*transient analysis

vin in 0 1v pwl 0ps 0 100ps 0 150ps 1.8 800ps 1.8

*simulation

c1 out 0 100f

r1 in out 2k

.tran 20ps 800ps

*control block

.control

run

plot v(out)

plot v(in)

plot v(in,out)

.endc

.end
2) R-C high pass filter

R-C high pass filter

v1 vin 0 dc 0 ac 1 ;specify input voltage parameters

r1 out 0 1e+4 ;specify resistor parameters

c1 vin out 1e-9 ;specify capacitor parameters

.control

ac dec 10 10 1meg ;AC analysis

plot vdb(out) ;plot voltage in db

.endc

.end

3) R-C low pass filter

R-C low pass filter

v1 vin 0 dc 0 ac 1 ;specify input voltage parameters

c1 out 0 1e+4 ;specify capacitor parameters

r1 vin out 1e-9 ;specify resistor parameters

.control

ac dec 10 10 1meg ;AC analysis

plot vdb(out) ;plot voltage in db

.endc

.end
GRAPH :-

Input Voltage signal

Output Voltage Signal

Comparison
R-C High pass filter response

R-C Low pass filter response

RESULT :-

Pulse Width Paramaters

Parameters Values
Time1(ps) 0ps
Voltage1(V) 0V
Time2(ps) 100ps
Voltage2(ps) 0V
Time3(ps) 150ps
Voltage3(V) 1.8V
Time4(ps) 800ps
Voltage4(V) 0V

CONCLUSION :-

We successfully plotted the characteristics of charging of RC circuit and analysed its transient
response. We also analysed the response of R-C high pass and low pass filters.We have
plotted input and output voltage variation over time.