Investigation of Wavelet based DG for power quality
improvement
J.Pardha saradhi1 D.Sreenadh reddy2
1
Department of EEE, Bapatla Engineering college,bapatla ,Andhrapradesh
2
Department of EEE, Bapatla Engineering college,bapatla ,Andhrapradesh
1
pardhu_y4@yahoo.com
2
d.sreenadhreddy@gmail.com
Abstract—this paper proposes a comprehensive approach
to the planning of distribution networks and the control of
dispersed generator (DG). Firstly, a distribution system
without dispersed generator is analyzed. The system
parameters are also analyzed when dg is connected to
load. If sudden drop out of source occurs, serious
problems across the load arises .i.e. it leads to voltage dip.
Since the optimal solution contains Distributed Generators
(DGs) to maximize reliability, the DG must be able to
operate in islanded mode. This paper describes the load
characteristics with and without dg during normal load
conditions. The second part of the paper reviews the
charactestics of dg without load connection. A battery
consumes energy during either condition i.e. with and
without load. A rectifier circuit is developed for
conversion purpose. Sequence analyzer is also included to
get the characteristics of dg in either of the conditions.
Wavelet analysis is used to analyze the dg
characterstics.db4 is used to analyze the signal. The
studies are performed based on well known software
package MATLAB simulink. The work shows that
Reliable, Effective and Efficient operation of DG source in
coordination with main utility network
Keywords—distribution system, DG, MATLAB simulink,
wavelet analysis, battery.
I. INTRODUCTION
Now a day’s dispersed generator (DG) plays a major role in
distribution system. Developing countries like India mainly
facing the severe power quality problems mainly during peak
load conditions. So, at that conditions DG[1] can be switched
on so that we can ensure quality of power at consumer
premises. DGs are small (usually under 10 MW), modular
electric generation and storage technologies that provide
electric capacity and/or energy when and where needed. They
are owned by a customer, utility or another entity, and
connected to the grid at a distribution voltage level. TheDiscos
/ end-users particularly in India can install DG units within
their service area. Due to the availability of such a flexible
option at the distribution[] voltage level, the distribution
network is now being transformed from passive network to an
active network. The use of distributed generation (DG) in
distribution system is expected to increase in the near future
due to its positive impacts such as voltage support, improved
reliability, small size and losses reduction.
In this paper the performance of wavelet based
Synchronous Generator which acts as a Dispersed Generator
analyzed during different conditions.
The performance of DG is evaluated ,when the load is
suddenly drop out from the source ,at the particular instant of
time DG ill inject power, so that the consumer will not
affected by any power cut. The response of load during any
condition i.e. load drop out from the source is analyzed. The
wavelet response of dg also obtained. In this paper dg also
feeds to battery to feed dc loads and in either of the conditions
dg charges battery. Rectifier circuit is developed by using
IGBT.and it is given to battery. The output characteristics of
rectifier and battery also obtained .the characteristics are
studied. Phase sequence analyzer[3] is used to analyze dg
charactersics.The load characteristics are obtained by using
wavelets.
Harmonics and discontinuities generated in power
system can have a wide frequency bandwidth, from high-
frequency transients and edges to slowly varying harmonic
components. Hence, analysis only in the frequency or time
domain alone is not sufficient to capture features that are
spread within a wide bandwidth. Wavelet transform provides
a local representation (in both time and frequency) of a signal.
Therefore it is suitable for analyzing a signal where time and
frequency resolution is needed, unlike FFTwhich gives a
global presentation of the signal. This paper studies the
characteristics of DG and load with the help of Wavelet
transform (WT). This study provides us with an efficient way
to classify different load characterstics, and coordinate
between different protective devices in the distribution
system.
II .WAVELET THEORY
The Wavelet transform (WT)[7] is a mathematical tool, like
the Fourier transform for signal analysis. A wavelet is an
oscillatory waveform of effectively limited duration that has
an average value of zero. Fourier analysis consists of breaking
up a signal into sine waves of various frequencies. Similarly,
wavelet analysis is the breaking up of a signal into shifted and
scaled versions of the original (or mother) wavelet.
Fourier analysis does not provide good results for the non-
stationary signals, i.e., where the signal parameters change
over the time unlike the stationary signal, because in
transforming the complete signal to the frequency domain, the
time information gets lost in Fourier analysis. This deficiency
in the Fourier analysis can be overcome to some extent by
analysing a small section of the signal at a time - a technique
called windowing the signal, first proposed by Dennis Gabor.
This leads to an analysis technique called Short-Time Fourier
Transform (STFT). But the drawback in STFT is that the size
of the time-window is same for all frequencies. Wavelet
analysis overcomes this deficiency by allowing a windowing
technique with variable-sized regions, i.e., wavelet analysis
allows the use of long time intervals where we want more
precise low-frequency information, and shorter regions where
we want high-frequency information.
A. Continuous Wavelet Transform
The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is defined as the
sum over all time of the signal multiplied by scaled and
shifted versions of the wavelet function ψ . The CWT of a
signal x(t) is defined as
∞ respectively; φ (t) and ψ (t) are scaling and wavelet functions
CWT (a, b)  ∫x(t)ψa*,b (t)dt , (1)
−∞
where
ψ a,b (t) |a |−1 / 2 ψ ((t −b) / a) . (2)
ψ(t) is the mother wavelet, the asterisk in (1) denotes a
complex conjugate, and a, b ∈ R, a ≠ 0, (R is a real continuous
number system) are the scaling and shifting parameters
respectively. | a |−1/ 2 is the normalization value of ψa,b (t) so
that if ψ(t) has a unit length, then its scaled version ψ a,b (t)
also has a unit length.
B. Discrete Wavelet Transform
Discrete Wavelet Transform is found to be useful in
analysing transient phenomenon such as that associated with
faults on the transmission lines. Multi-Resolution Analysis
(MRA)[8] is one of the tools of Discrete Wavelet Transform
(DWT), which decomposes original, typically non-stationary
signal into low frequency signals called approximations and
high frequency signals called details, with different levels or
scales of resolution. It uses a prototype function called mother
wavelet for this. At each level, approximation signal is
obtained by convolving signal with low pass filter followed by
dyadic decimation, whereas detail signal is obtained by
convolving signal with high pass filter followed by dyadic
decimation. The decomposition tree [11]is shown in Fig. 1.
c j+1(k)
cj(k)
d j+1(k)
dj(k)
Fig. 1 Decomposition Tree
The DWT maps the one dimensional time domain signal f(t)
into two dimensional signal as:
f(t)  ∑cj (k) φ(t − k)  ∑∑d j (k)ψ(
2- j
t - k) ( 3 )
k k j
Where cj, dj are approximate and detail coefficient
respectively and j is the decomposition level.
III. POWER SYSTEM MODEL
The single line diagram of the power system under study is
shown in Fig.2. Simulink is used for detailed modelling of
power system network and different conditions. A 132 KV,
100 Km circuit Transmission line is selected for simulation.
The transmission line is simulated using distributed parameter
model. The non linear load is taken in distribution level
operated at 415 volts as shown in fig.
Fig2.one line diagram of a test system
The load characteristics are obtained during three
conditions.
Case i) During source and load both are in operation.
Case ii) During source is in operation
Case iii) During DG in operation
Wavelet based load characteristics are studied during three
conditions. Sequence analyser also used to obtain its
sequence. The analysis also made on source side variations
with respect to starting of alternator.
 B.Case ii) During source is in operation
IV.RESULTS

Fig. 3 shows the load voltage and current variation for

normal network variation. Fig. 6 shows the load voltage and
operational conditions of the DG.Fig. 7shows variation of load
voltage, current for only source is connected to the
load.Fig.6shows High capacity battery charging to serve dc
loads and phase analyzer and wavelets (db4) also considered
to study the characteristics of load during all the conditions.
A. Case i) During source and load both are in operation

Fig6.load voltage

Fig3.rectifier output voltage

Fig7.Battey charging

C.Case iii) During DG in operation

Fig4.Alternator output voltage at starting

Fig5.load voltage
Fig8.source variation with respect to alternator starting
 V.CONCLUSION
Now a day’s DG pays a major role in distribution system,
DG’s may be adapted mainly for the countries which are
facing peak load problems. The main view of this paper is to
feed the loads during the peak loads, and rest of the times DG
feeds to dc loads .So that we can effectively use the DG with
100% reliability. In this paper, firstly, distribution systems
without dispersed generator are discussed. The system
parameters are also discussed when dg is connected to load. If
sudden drop out of source occurs, serious problems across the
load arises .i.e. it leads to voltage dip. Since the optimal
solution contains Distributed Generators (DGs) to maximize
Fig9.battery output reliability, the DG must be able to operate in islanded [1]
mode. This paper describes the load characteristics with and
without dg during normal load conditions. The second part of
the paper reviews the charactestics of dg without load
connection. A battery[10] consumes energy during either
condition i.e. with and without load. A rectifier circuit is
developed for conversion purpose. Sequence analyzer is used
to get the characteristics of dg in either of the conditions.
Wavelet analysis is used to analyze the dg characterstics.db4
[9] is used to analyze the signal.

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Fig11.Rectifier output voltage