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Accident Causations Safety Theories PDF
Accident Causations Safety Theories PDF
Accident Causations Safety Theories PDF
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TOPIC 3 ACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORIES
INTRODUCTION
When an accident occurs at the workplace, employers tend to
claim that it is due to the negligence of workers.
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5. The excuse given for committing an unsafe act can be an indicator or lesson
to do the right act.
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7. The best accident prevention techniques are analogous with the best
quality and productivity techniques.
.
Heinrich proposed a ‘5-factor accident sequence’ in his theory.
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3.2.1 Overload
These factors are explained in detail in the following sub-topics.
Overload is amounts to an imbalance between a person's capacity
at any given time and the load being carried by a person in a given
state.
Refer
.
to Figure below to see how work stress can be a human
factor in workplace accidents.
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3.2.1 Overload
A person's capacity is the combination of qualities such as his:
-natural ability
- training
- state of mind
- stress and;
- physical condition.
.
3.2.1 Overload
A person's capacity is the combination of qualities such as his:
-natural ability
- training
- state of mind
- stress and;
- physical condition.
.
The load that a person is carrying consists of tasks for which he is
responsible, and other added burdens resulting from factors such as:
(a) Environmental factors (noise, distractions, and so on);
(b) Internal factors (personal problems, emotional stress, and worry);
. and;
(c) Situational factors (level of risk, unclear instructions, and so on).
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. Another factor that can influence such a decision is the "It won't
happen to me" syndrome.
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(b) Responsibility and authority with regard to safety are not clearly
defined;
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For example,:
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Every time a task is performed, there is the risk that an accident may
occur.
Sometimes the risks are great; at other times, they are small.
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Simply taking it off will interrupt work for only five minutes, but
doing so will also increase the probability of an accident, as there is
now less safeguarding.
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Should the operator remove the safety guard and proceed with
the task or take the time to replace it?
The operator and his supervisor may assess the situation (collect
information), weigh the risks, and make a decision to
proceed.
.
If their information was right and their assessment of the risks
accurate, the task will probably be accomplished without an
accident.
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E. Scott Geller
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If a worker does not wear the safety hat, he has made a mistake
and may get injured due to falling objects.
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For some accidents, a given model may be very accurate. For others,
it may be less so.
.
Often, the cause of an accident cannot be adequately explained by
just one model or theory.
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However, they should avoid the tendency to try to apply one model
to all accidents.
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Bird’s triangle
Source: Stranks (2003)
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SUMMARY
Based on the discussion above, there are several theories, which
can be used to explain the cause of, or factors leading to accidents.
Among these factors are:
(a) Human error factor;
(b) Unsafe workplace;
(c) Ergonomic factor; and
(d) Systems failure and others.
Thank You
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