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Lateral Earth Pressure
ITB Lecture
2011
Reference: 
1. Das, Braja M., Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, Brooks/Cole, USA, 2002. 
CHAPTER 12
2. The Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual, 2006

’h = K ’v

’’v ’’v ’’v

’h = Ko ’v ’h = Ka ’v ’h = Kp ’v

Note: All stresses in effective stress , NOT in total stress

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 Lp >>  La

At Rest, Ko
• Jaky, 1944 (good for loose sand)
Ko = 1 –sin ’
• Sherif, Fang, 1984 (dense sand)
Ko = 1 –sin ’ + 5.5 [ (d/d min) ‐ 1]
• Massarsch, 1979 (NC clays)
Ko = 0.44 + 0.42 [PI(%)/100]
• OC Clays: Ko, OC = Ko NC OCR

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Practice on Partially Submerged Wall
• Practice on board!!
• See example 12.1  in text book.

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 X

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The Pole Method 

(q,q) a

POLE
a
b
a b  = a
a
b 
b
(p,p)

Watch for the sign 
convention
Switch to 35 mm screen

Rankine Ka – The Pole Method

 v

A
h

A ff

h h h v 
POLE ff

A

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Rankine Kp – The Pole Method

 v
A

h
A

h v h h 

ff

A POLE
ff

Rankine Ka
45o + ’/2

c’/tan ’ (’v + ’h)/2  ’’
 v

h

ff
c’
’ (90o+’)/2
’h ’v 
(90o‐’)
 ff
’ POLE (’v ‐ 
( ’h)/2 
)/2
sin ’ =
c’/tan ’ + (’v + ’h)/2 

’h = ’v Ka – 2c’  Ka

Ka = tan2 (45o ‐ ’/2)

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Rankine Kp
45o ‐ ’/2


c’/tan ’ (’v + ’h)/2  ’
 v

h

ff
c’ (90o‐)
’
’v ’h 
’ff
 POLE (’h ‐ 
( ’v)/2 
)/2
sin ’ =
c’/tan ’ + (’v + ’h)/2 

’h = ’v Kp + 2c’  Kp

Kp = tan2 (45o + ’/2)

Why Effective Stress??
• ’ = t – u
• utot = uhydro static + uexcess

•  h’ = K x  v ’ h = K x v’ + utot

K < or > 1:
h = K x v
h = K x v’ + K x utot

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Practice in Class with p.384
q  [F/L2]

‐ +

Rankine Active with Sloping Backfill

’v = ’ h 

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Do the passive exercise!!


’v = ’ h

Coulomb’s Active Pressure

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Culmann’s solution of Coulomb

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Coulomb’s Passive Pressure

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Coulomb’s Passive + EQ

0 5 ’ H2 ( 1 – kv) Kp’
Ppe = 0.5

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Log Spiral Failure Plane

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Caquot & Kerisel

Active and Pasive Coefficients

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Morrison & Ebeling 1995

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Braced Cuts
From Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual, 4th Ed, 2006

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Peck et al.

Teng

Wayne Teng

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Catatan FXT:

Hanya betul
kalau
Ka = 1;

dan
conservative 
kalau negative 
pp

Catatan FXT:
Cideng:

( H + q) / cb = 

(90 + 40)/ (0.25 x 6 
x 5) =  17!!

SF Base heave:
5 x 7.5 ~ 15 
/(
/(90+40) )
= 0.3 to 0.6

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British Practice (Tomlinson, Foundation Design and 
Construction, 7th Ed, page 421)

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Tanjung Priok – Basin 1

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T. Priok Basin 1
+ Built 1877‐1883
+ Quay L= 1100 m, D = 7.5 m
+ 1910 Dredged to 8.5 m
spoil dumped on East side,
helping reduce the malaria
inhabited swamps. In 1908, 
out of 139 servicemen, 14 died
of malaria.

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Dubai Infinity Tower 2007

..and one day the workers heard a loud crack and felt the 
movement, and saw sand coming in, and then water…

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…2 minutes later ..

…. 4 minutes later

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…at the end …

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