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Course Book: Petroleum Engineering Department
Course Book: Petroleum Engineering Department
Course Book
Barham S. Mahmood
barham.sabir@koyauniversity.org
7 September 2019
Course overview
2
While the exploration activities find oil and gas reserves, the
production activities deliver oil and gas to the downstream of
the industry
Be on time
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Petroleum Engineering Department
“Introduction”
Lecture #1
Barham S. Mahmood
barham.sabir@koyauniversity.org
7 September 2019
10
Outline
Introduction
Introduction
Production Technologist is responsible for the
production system.
The production system describes the entire production
process and includes the following principal components:
The Reservoir
The Wellbore
Production Conduit
Wellhead, Xmas Tree and Flow Lines
Treatment Facilities
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1) Production Engineering:
Fluid flow
Reservoir dynamics
2) Production Chemistry:
The fluids - produced, injected and treatment fluids
Drilling
Casing string design
Drilling fluid selection
Completion
Design/installation of completion string
Production
Monitoring well and completion performance Production
Engineers
Workover/Re-completion
Diagnosis/recommendation/ installation of new or
improved production systems
Abandonment
Identify candidates and procedures
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Well Well
Performance Completion
Production Production
enhancement/ Surface
Technology
artificial lift Processing
Stimulation
Production
Well monitoring and remedial
problems
diagnosis and processes
workover
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Well Productivity
The productivity of the system is dependent on the
pressure loss which occurs in:
– The reservoir
– The wellbore
– The tubing string
– The choke
– The flow line
– The separator
In natural flow conditions:
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PR = DPSystem + Psep
The pressure drop in lifting the fluids from the reservoir to the
surface, DPTBG, is known as the vertical lift performance or
VLP, or the tubing performance relationship or TPR
Well Completion
Major part of production technology is concerned
with the engineering and installation of completion
equipment.
Well Stimulation
Why well stimulation is required?
Productivity of a well naturally arises fluids mobility
and the flow properties of the rock.
In some cases the degree of inter-connection of the
pore space may be very poor.
In such situations it may be beneficial to stimulate the
production capacity of the well.
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– Acid Fracturing
– Frac Packing
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Matrix Acidisation
This process is conducted at pressures below the
formation break down gradient.
It requires the injection of acid into the reservoir to
either dissolve the rock matrix and/or dissolve
damage material contaminants which has invaded
the rock pore space.
The main objective of acidisation is to increase the
conductivity of the rock.
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Acid Fracturing
Frac Packing
Which is a shallow penetrating hydraulic fracture
propagated usually into a formation of moderate to
high permeability, and is subsequently propped
open prior to closure.
Artificial Lift
It may be necessary to assist in the lift process by
either:
Reducing flowing pressure gradients in the tubing e.g.
reducing the hydrostatic head by injecting gas into the stream
of produced fluids. This process is known as gas lift.
4) Gas lift
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− G.O.R.
− Production rate
− Sand production
availability of power/gas.
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Surface Processing
The objectives of surface processing are as follows:
To effectively separate oil, gas, water and remove
other produced materials such as sand.
To monitor and adjust the chemical properties prior
to separation/transport/reinjection, e.g.:
− Defoaming
− Filtration
− Scale Inhibition
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