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Senin, 14 Oktober 2013
Makalah Eight Parts of Speech
ENGLISH

EIGHT PARTS OF SPEECH

Written By :

NAME            : IKRIMAH
NPM               : 10.21.0005
MAJOR         : ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY     : TEACHER'S TRAINING AND EDUCATION

Lecturer : Nurhasanah, M.Pd

KALIMANTAN ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY

 BANJARMASIN
 2012
          The parts of speech consist of eight parts, they are noun, verb, pronoun, interjection, adjective,
adverb, preposition and conjunction. And in this paper, I would like to explain one by one related to eight
parts of speech. Check it out !

A.       NOUN
Noun is a word used as the name of anything, like a person, an animal, an object, a place, a
situation, a quality or an idea.

Kinds of noun :

         Proper noun

Proper nouns are the names of individual people, places, titles, calendar times, etc.Proper nouns are
always written with a capital letter.

example           : - Zainab  listen to the radio

-  Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia

         Common noun

Nouns which are not written with a capital letter do not refer to the name of an individual person or thing
and are called common nouns.

example           : - Take your book  please !

-  I see animal  in the zoo

         Material noun

A material noun is a word for a material, a substance, or an ingredient that other things are made from. 

example           : - This ring made of gold

-  The table is made of wood

         Collective noun
A collective noun refers to a group of people, animals or objects as a group, family, company, etc.
example           : - The army  made the ceremony
-  Those are navy
B.       VERB
Verb is the part of speech that expresses existence, action, or occurrence in most languages.
Verbs are a necessary component of all sentences. Verbs have two important functions: Some verbs put
static objects into motion while other verbs help to clarify the objects in meaningful ways. Look at the
examples below :

  My grumpy old English teacher  smiled at the plate of cold meatloaf
My grumpy old English teacher = static object; smiled = verb

  The daredevil cockroach splashed into Sara's soup

The daredevil cockroach = static object; splashed = verb

  Theo's overworked computer  exploded in a spray of sparks

Theo's overworked computer = static object; exploded = verb

  The curious toddler popped a grasshopper into her mouth

The curious toddler = static object; popped = verb

            The important thing to remember is that every subject in a sentence must have a verb. Otherwise,
you will have written a fragment, a major writing error.

C.       PRONOUN
Pronoun is the part of speech that substitutes for nouns or noun phrases and designates persons
or things asked for, previously specified, or understood from the context.

Kinds of pronoun :

         Personal pronoun
A pronoun designating the person speaking (I, me, we, us), the person spoken to (you), or the person or
thing spoken about (he, she, it, they, him, her, them).
example           : I have a stamp album

         Possessive pronoun
One of several pronouns designating possession and capable of substituting for noun phrases.
example           : The blue pen is mine

         Demonstrative pronoun
A pronoun that points out an intended referent
example           : That is a good idea
         Relative pronoun
A pronoun that introduces a relative clause and has reference to an antecedent
example           : I like the person who is diligent

         Interrogative pronoun
Used for the item interrupted in an information statement
example           : Whose is the pen ?

         Indefinite pronoun
An indefinite pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun (or noun phrase) that is an unknown or
unnamed person, thing, or amount
example           : Someone sent me a letter

D.       INTERJECTION
Interjection is a part of speech that can stand alone to express emotion or a reaction. Although an
interjection can form a complete sentence (that is, expressing a thought without need of a subject and
verb), one can often also be inserted within a sentence, usually parenthetically or separated by commas
from the rest of the sentence. In written Spanish and English, an interjection frequently is used with
exclamation marks. An interjection is sometimes expressed as a single word or non-sentence phrase,
followed by a punctuation mark. The isolated usage of an interjection does not represent a complete
sentence in conventional English writing. Thus, in formal writing, the interjection will be incorporated into a
larger sentence clause. It also can be a reply to a question or statement.
Example          : - Ah! I've won!
-   Dear me! That's a surprise!
-   Hello! My car's gone!
-   Hey! look at that!
-   Hey! What a good idea!
-   Oh! You're here!
-   Oh, please say 'yes'!
-   Ouch! That hurts!
-   Hurray! I win the game!
-   Oh! I've got a toothache
-   Hey! What a beautiful view!

E.       ADJECTIVE
Adjective is the part of speech that modifies a noun or other substantive by limiting, qualifying, or
specifying and distinguished in English morphologically by one of several suffixes, such as -able, -ous,
-er, and -est, or syntactically by position directly preceding a noun or nominal phrase. Adjectives are
descriptive words. An adjective is a word which qualifies a noun, that is, shows or points out some
distinguishing mark or feature of the noun.

List of Descriptive Adjectives

 Descriptive adjectives can be divided into different categories such as colors, sizes, sound, taste,
touch, shapes, qualities, time, personality and ages. The following lists provide a few examples of
descriptive adjectives in each of their categories :
  Colors
examples : black, blue, white, green, red
  Sizes
examples : big, small, large, thin, thick
  Shapes
examples : triangular, round, square, circular
  Qualities
examples : good, bad, mediocre
  Personality Traits 
examples : happy, sad, angry, depressed
  Time related
examples : Yearly , monthly, annually
  Age related
examples : new, young, old, brand-new, second-hand
  Sound related
examples : loud, noisy, quiet, silent
  Touch related
examples : slippery, sticky
  Taste related
examples : juicy, sweet

F.        ADVERB
The part of speech that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb,  clause, sentence or any other
word or phrase, except that it does not include the adjectivesand determiners that directly modify nouns.
Adverbs are traditionally regarded as one of theparts of speech, although the wide variety of the functions
performed by words classed as adverbs means that it is hard to treat them as a single uniform category.

Kinds of adverb :

         Adverb of time
Adverb of time are words that describe a day
example           : I’m studying English now

         Adverb of place
Adverbs of place tell us where something happen
example           : She studies English here

         Adverb of manner
Adverbs of manner are the largest group of adverbs. Most adverbs of manner are closely related to
corresponding adjectives. Although some words can be used as either adjectives or adverbs, in most
cases, adverbs of manner are formed by adding ly to the corresponding adjectives.
 example           : They worked hard
         Adverb of degree
Adverbs of degree tell us about the intensity or degree of an action, an adjective or another adverb.
example           : I quite  understand

         Adverb of frequency
Adverbs of frequency tell hosw often something occurs or is done. 
example           : He eats twice  every day

         Adverb of affirmation
Adverbs of affirmation are those adverbs that are used to indicate that a statement is true or that in some
other way to affirm it.
example           : Of course  she can speak English

         Adverb of interrogative
An interrogative adverb is used to ask for new information or facts.
example           : How did he go ?

         Adverb of relative pronoun

An adverb (where, when, or why) that introduces a relative clause, also known as a relative adverb
clause.
example           : I asked him how  he went

G.      PREPOSITION
A word employed to connect a noun or a pronoun, in anadjectival or adverbial sense, with some o
ther word; a particle used with anoun or pronoun (English always in the objective case) to make aphrase l
imiting some other word; so called because usually placed beforethe word with which it is phrased; as, a 
bridge of iron; he comes fromtown; it is good for food; he escaped by running. 
A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in asentence. The word or
phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition.
A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest
of the sentence as in the following 
Examples of preposition in     : -  The children are playing in   the garden
-       We swan in the river yesterday

Examples of preposition on  : -  I put the book on the table last night

-   He puts the small cat on  the floor

Examples of preposition at     : - He waits for them at the bus station

-   I meet the pretty girl at the bus stop
H.       CONJUNCTION
In grammar, a conjunction is a part of speech that connects two
words, sentences, phrases or clausestogether. A discourse connective is a conjunction joining sentences.
This definition may overlap with that of other parts of speech, so what constitutes a "conjunction" must be
defined for each language. In general, a conjunction is an invariable grammatical particle, and it may or
may not stand between the items it conjoins.

Examples of conjunction and                 :  - Rini and Budi are students

-   Rita buys apple and  orange

Examples of conjunction or                     :  - You may take this cat or  that cat
-   Which one do you like, this apple or   that apple ?
Examples of conjunction but                  :  - Karyo is lazy but  Kardi is diligent
-   She is beautiful but stupid

Examples of conjunction while         :  - Heni wants to be a doctor while

her brother wants to be a teacher
-   His father is reading a magazine while  his mother is cooking

Examples of conjunction whereas      :  - Titin is quiet whereas  her older

sister is talkative
-   We want to go swimming whereas they want to go fishing

Examples of conjunction because      :  - She doesn’t go to school because

she is sick now
-   We can’t go home because  it is
raining very hard now

Examples of conjunction since             :  - They cancel the meeting since  the

headmaster is sick
-   He didn’t come here to help us since he was very busy

Examples of conjunction if               :  - She will be angry if you don’t

come there now
-   We will not go to the meeting if   rain tonight

Examples of conjunction when            :  - I know you when  you came here

                                                             -   I met him when  you called me
Diposting oleh ikri sweet di 23.45 
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Mengenai Saya

ikri sweet 
I'm kinda spoiled girl, I like to act as a silly guy, I love to see someone else smiling and
laughing because of me, and I like to think out of the box
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