Blunt trauma

The most common causes of blunt trauma are squash balls, elastic

luggage straps and champagne corks. Severe blunt trauma to the

globe results in anteroposterior compression with simultaneous

expansion in the equatorial plane associated with a

transient but severe increase in IOP. Although the impact is pri-

marily absorbed by the lens–iris diaphragm and the vitreous base,

damage can also occur at a distant site such as the posterior pole.

The extent of ocular damage depends on the severity of trauma

and tends largely to be concentrated to either the anterior or

posterior segment. Blunt

trauma is contrasted with penetrating trauma, in which
an object such as a projectile or knife enters the body, though either can prove
fatal.

 #MODE OF INJURY

Blunt trauma may occur by: Direct blow to the eye ball by fist ,
ballor blunt instruments like sticks and big stones.

#Accidental blunt trauma to the eye ball:

May also occur in accidents, injuries by instruments, fall upon projecting blunt
objects.

 #MECHANISM OF BLUNT TTRAUM

 Blunt trauma can produce damage by diff forces:

A.DIRECT IMPACT ON GLOBE:Maximum damage at the point where blow

is received.

B.COMPRESSION WAVE FORCE: It is transmitted through fluid contents in

all directions and strikes angle of anterior chamber , pushes iris diaphragm
posteriorly.
C.REFLECTED COMPRESSION WAVE FORCE: AFTER striking the outer
coats the compression waves are reflected towards the posterior pole and
may cause foveal damage.

D.REBOUND COMPRESSION WAVE FORCE: After striking the posterior wall

of the globe the compression waves rebound back anteriorly. This force
damages the retina choroid by forward pull and lens iris diaphragm by
forward thrust from back.

E.INDRICECT FORCE: Ocular damage is caused by forces from the bony

walls and elastic content of the orbit when globe suddenly strike’s these
structures.