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George Wypych (Auth.) - Antistatics Databook (2014, ChemTec) PDF
George Wypych (Auth.) - Antistatics Databook (2014, ChemTec) PDF
Antistatics
George Wypych
Toronto 2014
Published by ChemTec Publishing
38 Earswick Drive, Toronto, Ontario M1E 1C6, Canada
Includes index.
Electronic monograph.
Issued also in print format
ISBN 978-1895198-77-5
Materials at the top of triboelectric series charge negatively when contacted with
materials listed below them, which charge positively. There are large discrepancies between
different origins of data (some are reflected in the table by a range of values recorded in
different research). If polyamide (high in the triboelectric series) contacts polyvinylchloride,
polyamide loses more electrons to polyvinylchloride than polyvinylchloride to polyamide.
As the end result, polyvinylchloride gains electrons and its surface accumulates a negative
charge, but polyamide has a positive charge. Because both polymers have very high resis-
tance, the charge remains (it will leak or decay slowly) for a considerable time.
It is also expected that the lower the difference between the work function of mate-
rials, the lower the charge generated. The trend is generally correct but the separation of the
same materials also generates a charge which is not consistent with this rule. It is likely that
these departures in behavior are caused by a presence of impurities and by asymmetrical
rubbing. Non-uniform rubbing creates a temperature gradient which contributes to differ-
ences in electron imbalance in different locations of a surface. It should be noted that it is
difficult to predict which side of material will have more electrons, but it is most likely that
each side will have positively and negatively charged areas.1
Acid number
Twenty-five grams of a additive is placed in 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask and 50 ml alcohol
is added to dissolve the sample. If the sample is not completely soluble, 50 ml of equal
amounts of alcohol and acetone are used. This sample is titrated with 0.01N NaOH or KOH
in the presence of bromothymol blue used as an indicator. ISO standard uses a method of
titration similar to just described ASTM standard but phenolphthalein is used as an indicator
and 0.1 N NaOH is used as a titrating agent. The results are expressed in mg KOH per 1 g
of sample.
Acidity
The results of titration (see Acid number) are expressed in weight percents as acetic acid.
Acronym
Abbreviations of additive names can be found in the standard terminology (ASTM D1600-
13 Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics). ISO standard has a
separate section for symbols used for additives (ISO 1043-3:1996 Plastics -- Symbols and
abbreviated terms -- Part 3: Additives). In addition to the abbreviations for individual addi-
tives, Annex A contains a list of symbols for additive components (alcohol part, acid part,
and other elements of composition). Abbreviations of additives used in rubber are given in
a separate standard (ISO 6472:2010 Rubber compounding ingredients -- Symbols and ab-
breviated terms).
ADR/RID class
A number corresponding to one of the eight classes of cargo defined in the European Agree-
ment concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) or the
International Regulations concerning the Transport of Dangerous goods by Rail (RID).
Alkyl distribution
The percentages are given of alkyl parts if additive is made from a mixture of fatty acids or
fatty alcohols.
Amine number
Twenty-five grams of a additive is placed in 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask and 50 ml alcohol
is added to dissolve the sample. If the sample is not completely soluble, 50 ml of equal
amounts of alcohol and acetone are used. This sample is titrated with 0.01N HCl in the pres-
ence of bromothymol blue used as an indicator. The results are expressed in mg HCl per 1 g
of sample.
Amine, primary
The percentage of primary amine in the mixture of all amines.
Aquatic toxicity
The adverse effects to marine life (aquatic organisms) that result from exposure to a toxic
substance. Aquatic toxicity can be expressed as the lethal concentration of a chemical sub-
stance in miligrams per liter that caused death to 50% population of aquatic species (LC50)
during a time of experiment (usually 24, 48 or 96 hours).
Ash
Fraction of ash in % usually determined by ashing sample to constant weight at 900oC.
Autoignition temperature
The lowest temperature at which a material will ignite and sustain combustion in the ab-
sence of a spark or flame. The properties of liquid can be tested by standardized methods
(ASTM E659-78 (2005) Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid
Chemicals). The ignition temperature is the temperature in degrees Centigrade at which the
substance shows spontaneous combustion when touching hot bodies.
Biodegradation probability
The probability that an organic substance will biodegrade under aerobic conditions. This
field includes the general statements regarding biodegradation probability of additives. Ex-
perimental data are included in the following fields: Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical
Oxygen Demand, and Theoretical Oxygen Demand.
Boiling point
The boiling point is the temperature in degrees Centigrade at which the substance undergoes
transition from the liquid into the gaseous phase under normal pressure.
Bulk density
The bulk density is defined as the mass of additive divided by its total volume. The bulk
density is expressed in kg/m3.
Bluegill sunfish
In order to assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish,
Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance
is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a
Carcinogenicity
A carcinogenic material is one that is known to cause cancer. The process of forming cancer
cells from normal cells or carcinomas is called carcinogenesis. A summary of findings
included in this field is based on general principles of material assessment, which includes:
a There is limited evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans. A cause and effect
interpretation is credible, but that alternative explanations such as chance, bias, other vari-
ables etc. cannot be ruled out. Again, science can never prove a hypothesis, only disprove
one. Scientific “facts” are established only when a preponderance of the evidence supports
a hypothesis and there is 1) no evidence to disprove it and 2) no equally viable alternative
hypotheses. b There is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental
animals, which indicates there is an increased incidence of malignant and/or a combination
of malignant and benign tumors (1) in multiple species or at multiple tissue sites, or (2) by
multiple routes of exposure, or (3) to an unusual degree with regard to incidence, site, or
type of tumor, or age at onset. c There is less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in
humans or laboratory animals; however, the substance is structurally related to other materi-
als that are either human carcinogens or reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens.
d There is convincing relevant information that the material acts through mechanisms that
are likely to cause cancer in humans.
Carrier resin
A resin in which additive(s) are pre-dispersed
CAS number
A number assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service that uniquely identifies a chemical
substance.
Chemical category
Non-systematic classification of additives based on their main or active component.
Chronic effect
A chronic health effect is an adverse health effect resulting from long-term exposure to a
substance. The effects could be a skin rash, bronchitis, cancer or any other medical condi-
tion. The term is also applied to a persistent (months, years or permanent) adverse health
effect resulting from a short-term (acute) exposure.
Coefficient of friction
The ratio of the weight of an object being moved along a surface and the force that main-
tains contact between the object and the surface.
Color
This field gives a description of color that is typical of commercial product or pure speci-
men.
Common name
Many additives have commercial names (see under label – Name). This frequently does not
permit to recognize chemical composition of the additive. Common name helps in recogni-
tion of chemical nature of material.
Common synonym
Common synonym has similar application as the Common name. It is used to help in identi-
fication of chemical nature of the product.
Daphnia magna
In order to assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish,
Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance
is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a
specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity,
are observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish
LC50 value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50
percent of the test organisms).
Density
The density, also referred to as specific weight, is the mass per volume unit in grams per
cubic centimeter. The density is referred to a temperature of its determination.
Dielectric constant
The dielectric constant is a measure of the behavior of the substance when introduced into
an electric field (it indicates the multiple to which the capacity of a condenser increases if
the substance is between the plates instead of vacuum).
DOT class
Transportation instructions require DOT Hazard Class in which materials are divided into
the following classes: 1 – Explosives, 2 – Gases, 3 – Flammable and combustible liquids, 4
– Flammable spontaneously combustible solids, 5 – Oxidizers & organic peroxides, 6 – Poi-
sonous & infectious materials, 7 – Radioactive materials, 8 – Corrosives, 9 – Miscellaneous.
In addition UN number, a packaging group is also given.
Drying temperature
Temperature at which drying process is conducted.
Drying time
Time required to dry material to a certain residual moisture at a selected drying temperature.
Dropping point
The ASTM dropping point is the temperature at which a grease passes from a semi-solid to
a liquid state under the conditions of the test (ASTM D 566). Dropping point is expressed
by a temperature of measuring gauge.
EC number
Number assigned by the EU commission to a substance (previously EINECS and ELINCS).
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS®) is a comprehensive data-
base of basic toxicity information for over 150,000 chemical substances including: prescrip-
tion and non-prescription drugs, food additives, pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, solvents,
diluents, chemical wastes, reaction products of chemical waste, and substances used in
both industrial and household situations. Reports of the toxic effects of each compound are
cited. In addition to toxic effects and general toxicology reviews, data on skin and/or eye
irritation, mutation, reproductive consequences and tumorigenicity are provided. Federal
standards and regulations, NIOSH recommended exposure limits and information on the
activities of the EPA, NIOSH, NTP, and OSHA regarding the substance are also included.
The toxic effects are linked to literature citations from both published and unpublished
governmental reports, and published articles from the scientific literature. The database
corresponds to the print version of the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances,
Empirical formula
The empirical formula is the molecular formula of a chemical compound. The order of
atoms follows the Hill system which is utilized by the Chemical Abstracts Services and by
the Beilstein Institute. Within the empirical formula C is the first element symbol, H is the
second, the other element symbols are added in alphabetical order. The empirical formula
does not take into account of any crystal water content. Using this field for searches requires
that the above guidelines are strictly followed.
Explosive LEL
The explosion limit is the lower border concentration in volume percent of a flammable gas
or vapor mixed with air between which the mixture can be made to explode by heating or
by a spark.
Explosive UEL
The explosion limit is the upper border concentration in volume percent of a flammable gas
or vapor mixed with air between which the mixture can be made to explode by heating or
by a spark.
Fathead minnow
In order to assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish,
Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance
is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a
specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity,
are observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish
LC50 value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50
percent of the test organisms).
First aid
Emergency treatment administered to an injured or sick person before professional medical
care is available.
Flash point
The flash point is the lowest temperature in degrees Centigrade at which so much vapor
develops under normal pressure that it results in a flammable mixture together with the air
over the liquid level. Different methods are used in the test with Cleveland cup being the
most suitable method for testing additives. Cleveland open cup is used to determine flash
and fire points of liquids with flash point above 79oC and below 400oC, such as additives
Flexural modulus
The ratio of outer stress to outer strain. A test specimen is held as a simply supported beam
and is subjected to three-point bending. The specimen is deflected until it either breaks or
the outer strain reaches 5%. ASTM D790 and ISO 178 describe full details of the method of
testing.
Flexural strength
The maximum outer stress sustained by a specimen during testing. A test specimen is
held as a simply supported beam and is subjected to three-point bending. The specimen is
deflected until it either breaks or the outer strain reaches 5%. ASTM D790 and ISO 178
describe full details of the method of testing.
Food approval(s)
US Food and Drugs Administration, FDA, the World Health Organization, WHO, and the
European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Food, SCF, must confirm that ingestion
of all additives remains within safe levels. It applies to people of all ages, children as well
as adults. Health consumer protection in Germany (Bundesinstitut, BgW) also examines
poisonous effect of chemicals present in commercial products.
Freezing point
The temperature at which the liquid and solid phases of a substance of specified composi-
tion are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure.
Hazardous components
Type and percentage of hazardous component present in additive.
Heat of combustion
It is the quantity of heat liberated per unitary weight when a substance undergoes complete
oxidation. It is expressed in MJ per kg.
ICAO/IATA class
Classification for transport by cargo aircraft. The statements are based on the Dangerous
Goods Regulation issued by IATA (International Air Transport Association). The class and
the packaging group are stated. No account is taken of special regulations stipulated by
individual countries or airlines.
IMDG class
This field contains the hazard classification for transport by sea.
Ingestion
Ingestion is the act of taking something (food, medicine, liquid, poison, etc.) into a body
through the mouth. Synonyms include “swallowing”, “taking internally”, or “eating”.
Inhalation
Inhalation is the drawing of air or other substances (fumes, mists, vapor, dust, etc.) into
lungs (the respiratory system). Common synonym is “breathing in”.
Iodine value
An indication of the quantity of unsaturated fatty acids present in a fat; it represents the
number of grams of iodine absorbed by 100 g of fat.
Kinematic viscosity
A coefficient defined as the ratio of the dynamic viscosity of a fluid to its density.
LC50
Lethal Concentration 50, LC50, is the concentration of a chemical which kills 50% test
animal population. This measure is generally used when test animals are exposed to a test
chemical in form of gas or mist.
LD50
Lethal Dose 50, LD50, is the dose of a chemical which kills 50% of a sample population. In
full reporting, the dose, treatment and observation period should be given. Further, LD50,
LC50, ED50 and similar figures are strictly only comparable when the age, sex and nutri-
tional state of the animals is specified.
Manufacturer
The name of manufacturer is given for commercial additives having a particular brand
name.
Melt index
The amount, in grams, of a thermoplastic material which can be forced through an extrusion
rheometer orifice of 0.0825 inch diameter when subjected to a force of 2160 grams in ten
minutes at 190°C.
Melting point
The melting point is the temperature in degrees Centigrade at which the substance under-
goes transition from the solid state into the liquid state.
Mixture
Information helps to distinguish between additives composed of a single components and
mixtures of plasticizing compounds.
Moisture content
Moisture concentration in commercial additive as declared by its manufacturer.
Mold shrinkage
Shrinkage from mold cavity to molded dimensions of thermosetting plastics when molded
by compression, injection, or transfer molding under specified conditions. ASTM D6289
specifies method of measurement.
Molecular weight
The sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule. The weight of a molecule of
any gas or vapor as compared with the hydrogen atom as a standard.
Name
A proper name is used, which, in the case of commercial product, is a brand name given by
manufacturer and the most commonly used name in the case of generic compounds.
NFPA classification
A rating system has been devised by the National Fire Protection Association, NFPA, to as-
sist emergency responders. The following are the simple explanations of numerical sym-
bols. Health: 0 – Like ordinary material, 1 – Slightly hazardous, 2 – Hazardous – use breath-
ing apparatus, 3 – Extremely dangerous – use full protective clothing, 4 – Too dangerous
to enter – vapor or liquid. Flammability: 0 – Will not burn, 1 – Must be preheated to burn,
2 – Ignites when moderately heated, 3 – Ignites at normal temperature, 4 - Extremely flam-
mable. Reactivity: 0 – Normally stable, 1 – Unstable if heated – use normal precaution, 2
– Violent chemical change possible – use hose from distance, 3 – Strong shock or heat may
detonate – use monitors, 4 – May detonate – evacuate area if materials are exposed to fire.
NIOSH REL
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, recommended exposure
limits (RELs) will be based on risk evaluations using human or animal health effects data,
and on an assessment of what levels can be feasibly achieved by engineering controls and
measured by analytical techniques. The RELs are given in either mg/m3 or ppm.
Odor
Any property detected by the olfactory system. In the case of chemical materials and par-
ticularly additives it helps to distinguish different materials and select non-intrusive materi-
als for application.
OSHA PEL
A Permissible Exposure Limit, PEL, is the maximum amount or concentration of a chemical
that a worker may be exposed to under the U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Adminis-
tration, OSHA, regulations. The PELs are given mg/m3 or ppm.
Outstanding properties
The most important reasons for the use of an additive are given in this field.
Particle diameter
A diameter of primary particle is given in nanometers.
Particle length
Particle length is given in microns if not otherwise specified.
pH
The pH value is the negative decadic logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions
(dimensionless).
Pour point
The lowest temperature at which oil will pour. The pour point is the lowest temperature at
which a material can be handled without excessive amounts of wax crystals forming so pre-
venting flow. If a material is below the pour point, wax will begin to separate out which will
block the filters. The wax will also build up on tank bottoms and on heating coils.
Processing methods
Manufacturers recommendations are given.
Product contents
Components of formulated products are given if available.
Rainbow trout
In order to assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish,
Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance
is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a
specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity are
observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish LC50
value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50 per-
cent of the test organisms).
Recommended dosage
Amount of additive recommended by its manufacturer for production of different end-
products.
Release force
Release force required to separate two layers of film by an aluminum rod expressed in MPa.
RTECS
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS®) is a comprehensive data-
base of basic toxicity information for over 150,000 chemical substances including: prescrip-
tion and non-prescription drugs, food additives, pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, solvents,
diluents, chemical wastes, reaction products of chemical waste, and substances used in
both industrial and household situations. Reports of the toxic effects of each compound are
cited. In addition to toxic effects and general toxicology reviews, data on skin and/or eye
irritation, mutation, reproductive consequences and tumorigenicity are provided. Federal
standards and regulations, NIOSH recommended exposure limits and information on the
activities of the EPA, NIOSH, NTP, and OSHA regarding the substance are also included.
The toxic effects are linked to literature citations from both published and unpublished
governmental reports, and published articles from the scientific literature. The database
corresponds to the print version of the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances,
formerly known as the Toxic Substances List started in 1971. Originally prepared by the
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the RTECS® database is
now produced and distributed by Accelrys, Inc.
Saponification value
The saponification value is the amount of alkali necessary to saponify a definite quantity of
the sample. It is expressed as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to
saponify 1 gram of the sample.
Silicon content
The fractional content of elemental silicon expressed in weight percents of total composi-
tion
Skin irritation
Although several mammalian species may be used, the albino rabbit is the preferred species.
Exposure duration normally is four hours.
Solids content
The concentration of solid material in solution weight percent.
Solubility in solvents
A list of solvents in which material completely or partially dissolves.
Solubility in water
Information on solubility of additive in water.
Specific heat
The amount of heat in kilojules needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a sub-
stance by 1 degree of Kelvin.
State
State of additives at room temperature are contained in this field.
Surface resistivity
The ratio of the potential gradient parallel to the current along the surface of a material
to the current per unit width of the surface. Surface resistivity is numerically equal to the
surface resistance between opposite sides of a square of any size when the current flow is
uniform. Surface resistivity is a general physical property of a material. It does not
depend on the type of used electrodes. The physical unit of surface resistivity is ohm.
Often in practice, surface resistivity is given in units of ohm/square. ASTM D257 and
ISO 3915 contain details of the methods of testing.
Surface resistance
Surface resistance is the ratio DC voltage to the current flowing between two electrodes
of specified configuration that contact the same side of a material. The unit of surface
resistance is ohm. Surface resistance is a direct result of a measurement and its value
depends on the used electrodes – their geometry and distance. Different kinds of
electrodes would give different results for the same specimen. ASTM D257 and ISO 3915
contain details of the methods of testing.
Surface tension
The force acting on the surface of a liquid, tending to minimize the area of the surface;
quantitatively, the force that appears to act across a line of unit length on the surface. Also
known as interfacial force; interfacial tension; surface tensity.
TDG class
Any class as defined by Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations (federal) and as-
sociated provincial/territorial legislation of Canada.
Tensile modulus
The ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain of a material in the elastic region of a stress-
strain curve. A “Tangent” tensile modulus value is the slope of the elastic region of the
stress-strain curve and is also known as Young’s Modulus, or the Modulus of Elasticity. A
“Secant” tensile modulus value is the slope of a line connecting the point of zero strain to
a point on the stress-strain curve at a specified strain. This is used for materials that exhibit
little or no linear behavior. ASTM D638 and ISO 527-1, -2 contain full description of meth-
ods of testing.
Tensile strength
Tensile stress corresponding to the point of rupture. Testing is performed on either dumb-
bell, straight, or cut ring specimens. ASTM D412 and ISO 37 describe the method of test-
ing.
Thermal conductivity
The thermal conductivity, λ, is the quantity of heat transmitted, due to unit temperature gra-
dient, in unitary time under steady conditions in a direction normal to a surface of unit area,
when the heat transfer is dependent only on the temperature gradient.
TLV TWA 8h
The time-weighted average concentration for a conventional 8-hour workday and 40-hour
workweek exposure to a substance, to which it is believed that nearly all workers may be
repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse health effects. The data are given after
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, ACGIH, National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, and Occupational Safety & Health Administra-
tion, OSHA.
UN risk phrases
A list of numbers of risk phrases compiled by UN which characterize behavior of a particu-
lar compound
UN safety phrases
A list of numbers of safety phrases compiled by UN which should be followed during trans-
portation of a particular compound
UN/NA class
A four digit number representing a particular chemical or group of chemicals. These num-
bers are assigned by the United Nations (UN Numbers), the U.S. Department of Transpor-
tation (NA Numbers), or Transport Canada (NA Numbers). These numbers are commonly
used throughout the world to aid in the quick identification of the materials contained within
bulk containers (such as rail cars, semi-trailers and intermodal containers).
Vapor density
The density of a gas relative to the density of air.
Viscosity
It is a ratio of shear stress and shear strain expressed in mPa s.
Viscosity SUS
Saybolt viscosity measurement was designed for petroleum products measured at tem-
peratures between 21 and 99C (ASTM D88-94(1999) Standard Test Method for Saybolt
Viscosity). The efflux time in seconds of 60 ml samples, through a calibrated orifice, is
measured. Cylindrical viscometer is immersed in thermostating bath. Measured liquid flows
from viscometer into receiving flask graduated for 60 ml. The measured time in seconds is
multiplied by a correction factor obtained from a measurement of viscosity standard. The
result is in a Saybolt viscosity units.
Volatility
The tendency of a material to pass into the gas state at a particular temperature from a solid
or liquid state, expressed in wt% loss
Volume resistivity
It is the resistance in ohms between opposite faces of a centimeter cube of the material
tested. Its value is stated in ohms-centimeters, and it is tested as per ASTM D 257.
Water solubility
Solubility of additive in water.
EC number - 204-393-1
Molecular mass daltons 287.44
Chemical category - amide
Moisture content wt% 0.5
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - solid
Odor - none
Color - off-white
Color, Platinum-cobalt scale - 250 max
Boiling point o
C 239
Melting point o
C 38.7
Refractive index at 25 C o
- 1.4708
Specific gravity at 25 C
o
- 1.1
Density at 25oC kg/m3 979
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 2
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS personal protection No specific recommendations (dust
mask, neoprene or synthetic rubber
gloves, eye/face protection).
UN risk phrases, R - 38,41
UN/NA class - 3077
Flash point o
C 180
Flash point method - PMCC
Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal mg/kg >2000
LD50
Mixture - yes
EC number - 204-527-9
Molecular mass daltons 424.16
Chemical category - amine
Moisture content wt% 4
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Color - white
Boiling point o
C 120 (decomp)
Density at 20 C o
kg/m 3
1100
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 2
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS classification Health 2
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS personal protection Chemical goggles, suitable protective
clothing, and NIOSH approved respira-
tory protection.
UN risk phrases, R - 22,34,38,41,50
US safety phrases, S - 26,36/37/38,45,61
UN/NA class - 1759
DOT class - 8 PG II
ICAO/IATA class - 8 PG II
TDG class - 8 PG II
Flash point o
C 76.7
EC number - 203-928-6
Molecular mass daltons 320
Chemical category - amine
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - solid
Odor - slightly fishy
Color - white
Melting point o
C 232-237
Pour point o
C 6
Refractive index at 20oC - 1.3778
Density at 25 C o
kg/m 3
968
Vapor density - 2.07
Vapor pressure at 20oC kPa 2.66
pH - 4-7.5
Solubility in solvents methanol, acetone
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 3
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS classification Health 2
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS personal protection Chemical goggles, suitable protective
clothing, and NIOSH approved respira-
tory protection
UN risk phrases, R 38,41,50,50/53,37/38,22,43,36/37/38
Cl
CH3(CH2)10CH2N(CH3)3
EC number - 203-927-0
Molecular mass daltons 263.89
Chemical category - amine
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - solid
Color colorless to light yellow
Boiling point o
C 246 (decomp)
Melting point o
C 237
Refractive index at 20 C
o
- 1.426
Tensile strength MPa 16
Tensile elongation % 30
Flexural modulus MPa 1240
Mold shrinkage % 1.2 to 1.4
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 3
Flammability 3
Reactivity 0
HMIS personal protection Face shield, full suit, respirator, gloves,
boots
UN risk phrases, R - 22,36/37/38,50/53
US safety phrases, S - 26,29,37/39,61
UN/NA class - 2811
ICAO/IATA class - III
TDG class - 3 group II
Mixture - yes
EC number - 204-527-9
Chemical category - amine
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Color - yellow
Boiling point o
C 120
Density at 20 C o
kg/m 3
985
pH - 3.77
Izod impact notched J/m 214
Izod impact unnoched J/m no break
Tensile strength MPa 41
Tensile elongation % 10 min
Tensile modulus MPa 1931
Flexural strength MPa 69
Flexural modulus MPa 2137
Mold shrinkage % 0.6 to 0.8
Drying time h 2
Drying temperature o
C 82
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 2
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS classification Health 2
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS personal protection Chemical goggles, suitable protective
clothing, and NIOSH approved respira-
tory protection
EC number - 203-928-6
Molecular mass daltons 319
Chemical category - amine
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Color - pale yellow
Boiling point o
C 100
Pour point o
C 6
Density at 20oC kg/m3 932
pH - 3.8
Viscosity at 25oC mPas 6
Izod impact notched J/m 43
Izod impact unnoched J/m 267
Tensile strength MPa 41
Tensile elongation % 3 to 5
Tensile modulus MPa 3103
Flexural strength MPa 76
Flexural modulus MPa 3103
Mold shrinkage % 0.2 to 0.4
Drying time h 2
Drying temperature o
C 82
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 2
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS classification Health 2
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
EC number - 253-363-4
Molecular mass daltons 422.14
Chemical category - amine
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Color - clear
Boiling point o
C 100
Density at 20oC kg/m3 983
pH - 4.8
Izod impact notched J/m 107
Izod impact unnoched J/m no break
Tensile strength MPa 43
Tensile elongation % 10 min
Tensile modulus MPa 1379
Flexural strength MPa 55
Flexural modulus MPa 1724
Mold shrinkage % 1.8 to 2.5
Drying time h 2
Drying temperature o
C 121
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 2
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS classification Health 2
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS personal protection Chemical goggles, suitable protective
clothing, and NIOSH approved respira-
tory protection
EC number - 224-292-6
Chemical category - amine
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Color - clear
Boiling point o
C 100 max
Melting point o
C -3
Density at 20oC kg/m3 1043
pH - 8
Viscosity at 25oC mPas 12.6
Tensile strength MPa 10
Tensile elongation % 1500 min
Drying time h 6
Drying temperature o
C 107
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 1
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS classification Health 1
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS personal protection Chemical goggles, suitable protective
clothing, and NIOSH approved respira-
tory protection
DOT class - not regulated
Flash point o
C 93.9
Flash point method - PMCC
Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50 mg/kg 5000 to 15000
Skin irritation This products may cause irritation to the
skin
Eye irritation (human) Causes moderate eye irritation
EC number - 204-393-1
Molecular mass daltons 287.44
Chemical category - amine
Moisture content wt% 0.5
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Color - off-white
Color, Platinum-cobalt scale - 250 max
Melting point o
C 45
Density at 20 C o
kg/m 3
960
Solubility in water at 25oC g/l practically insoluble
Izod impact notched J/m 53
Izod impact unnoched J/m 534
Tensile strength MPa 15
Tensile elongation % 6 to 10
Tensile modulus MPa 1517
Flexural strength MPa 30
Flexural modulus MPa 1241
Mold shrinkage % 1.0 to 1.5
Drying time h 2
Drying temperature o
C 79
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 2
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS personal protection No specific recommendations (dust
mask, neoprene or synthetic rubber
gloves, eye/face protection)
UN risk phrases, R - 36/38
EC number - 203-927-0
Molecular mass daltons 263.89
Chemical category - amine
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Color, Gardner scale - 2
Boiling point o
C 100
Melting point o
C -3
Specific gravity at 25 C o
- 0.969
pH - 6.5 to 9
Surface tension at 25 C o
mN/m 33
Solubility in water at 25oC g/l easily soluble in hot
and cold water
Solubility in solvents methanol acetone
Izod impact notched J/m 53
Izod impact unnoched J/m 534
Tensile strength MPa 15
Tensile elongation % 6 to 10
Tensile modulus MPa 1517
Flexural strength MPa 31
Flexural modulus MPa 1379
Mold shrinkage % 1.0 to 1.5
Drying time h 2
Drying temperature o
C 79
EC number - 203-928-6
Molecular mass daltons 319.3
Chemical category - amine
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Odor - faint
Color, Gardner scale - 3
Boiling point o
C 100
Melting point o
C 10
Specific gravity at 25oC - 0.961
Vapor pressure at 20oC kPa 2.26
pH - 6.5 to 9
Surface tension at 25 Co
mN/m 34
Izod impact notched J/m no break
Izod impact unnoched J/m no break
Tensile strength MPa 21
Tensile elongation % 10 min
Tensile modulus MPa 1379
Flexural strength MPa 31
Flexural modulus MPa 1172
Mold shrinkage % 1.2 to 1.7
Drying time h 2
Drying temperature o
C 79
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 2
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
Mixture - yes
Chemical category - amine
Moisture content wt% 15
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - liquid
Color - light amber
Color, Gardner scale - 3 max
Boiling point o
C 80
Density at 20 C o
kg/m 3
870
pH - 3.5 to 9
Solubility in water at 25oC g/l dispersible
Solubility in solvents lower alcohols, ketones, glycols
HEALTH & SAFETY
HMIS classification Health 3
Flammability 3
Reactivity 0
DOT class - 3 UN2924
Autoignition temperature o
C 425
Flash point o
C 21
Flash point method - Pensky-Martens
Explosive LEL wt% 2
Explosive UEL wt% 12
Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50 mg/kg 1290
Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal mg/kg 4171
LD50
ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Biodegradation probability 100%
Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish, 96-h LC50 mg/l 0.1
EC number - 261-430-4
Molecular mass daltons 403.57
Chemical category - amine
Moisture content wt% 12
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - liquid
Odor characteristic of quaternary compounds
Color - yellow to amber
Boiling point o
C 100
Specific gravity at 20 C
o
- 1.1
Surface resistivity Ohm/sq 1E+10
Static decay time s 0.07
pH - 5 to 8
Viscosity at 25 C
o
mPas 16
Volatility wt% 10
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 3
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS personal protection Safety glasses with side shields,
NIOSH/MSHA approved air purifying
respirator with an organic vapor car-
tridge, body covering-clothing, neoprene
or butyl rubber gloves
UN risk phrases, R - 34
Mixture - yes
EC number - 220-432-5
Molecular mass daltons 475.7
Chemical category - amine
Moisture content wt% 50
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - liquid
Odor alcohol
Color clear
Color, Gardner scale - 5 max
Boiling point o
C 86.1
Specific gravity at 20oC - 0.95
Vapor density - 2
pH - 4.0 to 5.5
Solubility in water at 25oC g/l soluble
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 2
Flammability 3
Reactivity 0
HMIS personal protection Safety glasses with side shields,
NIOSH/MSHA approved air purifying
respirator with an organic vapor car-
tridge, body covering-clothing, neoprene
or butyl rubber gloves
UN risk phrases, R - 10,36/37/38
US safety phrases, S - 26,43
UN/NA class - 1993
EC number - 233-520-3
Molecular mass daltons 357.61
Chemical category - amine
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - solid
Color off white
Color, Gardner scale - 4 max
Boiling point o
C 217
Melting point o
C 49.4
Specific gravity at 25 C
o
- 0.96
Vapor density - 1
Volume resistivity Ohm-cm 1.0E+13 (0.8% in
PP)
Surface resistance Ohm 0.8 (0.8% in PP)
Solubility in water at 25 Co
g/l insoluble
Volatility wt% 1
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 2
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS personal protection Safety glasses with side shields,
NIOSH/MSHA approved air purifying
respirator with an organic vapor car-
tridge, body covering-clothing, neoprene
or butyl rubber gloves.
UN risk phrases, R - 36/37/38
US safety phrases, S - 26
DOT class - not regulated
ICAO/IATA class - not regulated
TDG class - not regulated
Mixture - yes
EC number - 204-393-1
Molecular mass daltons 287.44
Chemical category - masterbatch
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - solid
Odor none
Color off white
Melting point o
C 160
Volume resistivity Ohm-cm 1.0E+10 (5-10%
in PP)
Surface resistance Ohm 0.13-0.05 (5-10%
in PP)
Solubility in water at 25oC g/l insoluble
Volatility wt% 1
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 2
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS personal protection Safety glasses with side shields,
NIOSH/MSHA approved air purifying
respirator with an organic vapor car-
tridge, body covering-clothing, neoprene
or butyl rubber gloves
Food approval(s) Meets 21CFR 178.3130 requirements
for polyolefins at use levels up to 2.5%
UN risk phrases, R - 36/37/38
US safety phrases, S - 26
DOT class - not regulated
ICAO/IATA class - not regulated
Mixture - yes
Molecular mass daltons 475
Chemical category - amine
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - liquid
Odor - isopropyl alcohol
Color - yellow to amber
Color, Gardner scale - 5 max
Boiling point o
C 83
Specific gravity at 25 C
o
- 0.95
Vapor density - 50
pH - 4 to 6
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 2
Flammability 3
Reactivity 0
HMIS personal protection Safety glasses with side shields,
NIOSH/MSHA approved air purifying
respirator with an organic vapor car-
tridge, body covering-clothing, neoprene
or butyl rubber gloves
UN/NA class - 1993
DOT class - group II, class 3
ICAO/IATA class - group II, class 3
TDG class - group II, class 3
Proper shipping name Flammable liquid, n.o.s.
Flash point o
C 12
Mixture - yes
EC number - 223-165-2
Molecular mass daltons 510
Chemical category - amine
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - liquid
Color - light yellow
Color, Gardner scale - 5 max
Boiling point o
C 80
Specific gravity at 25 C
o
- 0.94
Vapor density - 65
pH - 6 to 8
Solubility in water at 25oC g/l appreciable
Tensile strength MPa 25.1
Tensile elongation % 1077
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 2
Flammability 3
Reactivity 0
UN/NA class - 1993
DOT class - group II, class 3
ICAO/IATA class - group II, class 3
TDG class - group II, class 3
Proper shipping name Flammable liquid, n.o.s.
Flash point o
C 14
Mixture - yes
Chemical category - amine
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Odor - slight
Color - pale yellow
Boiling point o
C 100
Melting point o
C 0
Specific gravity at 25oC - 1.03
Vapor pressure at 20oC kPa 1.33
Acid number mg KOH/g 42 to 55
pH - 6 to 7
Volatility wt% 72 max
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 1
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS classification Health 1
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS personal protection Eye/face protection, NIOSH approved
respirator, gloves, long sleeve clothing
DOT class - not regulated
ICAO/IATA class - not regulated
TDG class - not regulated
Proper shipping name not regulated
Flash point o
C 93
Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50 mg/kg 18334
HO
N R Cl
N
Chemical category - amine
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - liquid
Color - dark amber
Boiling point o
C 92 (solvent)
Melting point o
C -25
Specific gravity at 20 C o
- 0.899
pH - 5 to 8
Viscosity at 25oC mPas 56
Solubility in water at 25oC g/l soluble
Solubility in solvents lower alcohols, ketones, glycols
HEALTH & SAFETY
HMIS classification Health 3
Flammability 3
Reactivity 0
UN/NA class - 2924
DOT class - 3 PG II
ICAO/IATA class - 3 PG II
TDG class - 3 PG II
Proper shipping name Flammable liquids, corrosive, n.o.s.
Flash point o
C 19
Explosive LEL wt% 2.3
Explosive UEL wt% 12.7
Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50 mg/kg 1674
Mixture - yes
Chemical category - amine
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - liquid
Odor - mild
Color - pale yellow to straw
Color, Platinum-cobalt scale - 125 max
Specific gravity at 20oC - 0.962
pH - 6.5 to 8.3
Solubility in water at 25oC g/l soluble
Solubility in solvents lower alcohols, ketones, glycols
HEALTH & SAFETY
HMIS classification Health 3
Flammability 2
Reactivity 0
UN risk phrases, R - 10,22,36/37/38
US safety phrases, S - 16,26,36
Flash point o
C 19
Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50 mg/kg 404
Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal mg/kg 3346
LD50
ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish, 96-h LC50 mg/l 2.35
Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, 48-h LC50 mg/l 0.058
Aquatic toxicity, Rainbow trout, 96-h LC50 mg/l 7.8
EC number - 204-664-4
Molecular mass daltons 358.56
Chemical category - ester
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - solid
Color white to slightly yellow
Boiling point o
C 476.9
Melting point o
C 76-77
Iodine value - <3
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 1
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS classification Health 1
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
DOT class - not regulated
ICAO/IATA class - not regulated
TDG class - not regulated
Flash point o
C 149 min
First aid, eyes Irrigate with eyewash solution or clean
water, holding the eyelids apart, for at
least 10 minutes. Obtain medical atten-
tion
First aid, skin Remove contaminated clothing. Wash
skin with soap and water. If symptoms
develop, obtain medical attention
First aid, inhalation Remove patient from exposure. Obtain
medical attention if ill effects occur
ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
HO O
H OH
OH
EC number - 215–663–3
Molecular mass daltons 346.46
Chemical category - ester
Moisture content wt% 1
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - liquid
Color - yellow
Color, Gardner scale - 5 max
Boiling point o
C >300
Melting point o
C <25
Pour point o
C 15
Refractive index at 20oC - 1.474
Density at 20oC kg/m3 1050
Heat of combustion at 25oC MJ/kg 30.75
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 0
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
US safety phrases, S - 24/25
Flash point o
C >149
Mixture - no
EC number - 500-018-3
Molecular mass daltons 1227.72
Chemical category - ester
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - liquid
Odor - characteristic
Color pale yellow to yellow green
Pour point o
C -7
Refractive index at 25 C o
- 1.4685
Density at 20oC kg/m3 1100
Density at 25oC kg/m3 1106
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 0
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS classification Health 1
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
US safety phrases, S - 24/25
Flash point o
C >149
Flash point method - CC
Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50 mg/kg >33000
Animal testing, acute toxicity, Mouse oral LD50 mg/kg 25000
Skin irritation - irritant
Eye irritation (human) - irritant
HO O
H OH
OH
EC number - 215–663–3
Molecular mass daltons 346.46
Chemical category - ester
Moisture content wt% 1
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Color, Gardner scale - 5 max
Pour point o
C 15
Density at 20 C
o
kg/m 3
1050
Acid number mg KOH/g 7 max
Saponification value mg KOH/g 158 to 170
Heat of combustion at 25 Co
MJ/kg 30.75
Solubility in water at 25oC g/l dispersible
Solubility in solvents soluble in most polar and aromatic
solvents
Izod impact notched J/m 133
Izod impact unnoched J/m 1068
Tensile strength MPa 48
Tensile elongation % 7 to 10
Tensile modulus MPa 2758
Flexural strength MPa 83
EC number - 204-664-4
Molecular mass daltons 358.56
Chemical category - ester
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - pellets
Color white to slightly yellow
Melting point o
C 100 min
Izod impact notched J/m 53
Izod impact unnoched J/m 427
Tensile strength MPa 103
Tensile elongation % 2 to 4
Tensile modulus MPa 7584
Flexural strength MPa 165
Flexural modulus MPa 6895
Mold shrinkage % 0.1 to 0.3
Drying time h 4
Drying temperature o
C 121
HEALTH & SAFETY
DOT class - not regulated
ICAO/IATA class - not regulated
TDG class - not regulated
Flash point o
C 100 min
Flash point method - CC
Skin irritation May cause physical abrasion in contact
with skin. Molten polymer will adhere to
the skin causing deep thermal burns
Eye irritation (human) May cause physical abrasion in contact
with eyes
Mixture - yes
EC number - 204-664-4
Chemical category - ester
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - solid
Odor - mild
Color - white
Melting point o
C 60 to 63
Specific gravity at 25 C
o
- 0.9
Vapor density - 1
Solubility in water at 25oC g/l insoluble
HEALTH & SAFETY
NFPA classification Health 2
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS personal protection Safety glasses with side shields,
NIOSH/MSHA approved air purifying
respirator with an organic vapor car-
tridge, body covering-clothing, neoprene
or butyl rubber gloves
Food approval(s) 21 CFR 184.1505
UN risk phrases, R - 36/37/38
US safety phrases, S - 26
UN/NA class - not regulated
DOT class - not regulated
ICAO/IATA class - not regulated
Proper shipping name not regulated
Flash point o
C 93
Flash point method - COC
EC number - 250-705-4
Molecular mass daltons 358.63
Chemical category - ester
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - flakes/beads
Color - white to creamish
Boiling point o
C 476.9
Melting point o
C 78-81
Density at 20oC kg/m3 958
HEALTH & SAFETY
Flash point o
C 151.9
ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Partition coefficient, log Kow - 6.62
USE & PERFORMANCE
Manufacturer - Kao Corporation
EC number - 307-055-2
Chemical category - ester
Moisture content wt% 1
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - solid
Odor - characteristic
Color - white to yellowish
Boiling point o
C >250 (decomp)
Melting point o
C 200
Density at 20 C o
kg/m 3
1050
Bulk density kg/m 3
690
pH - 7
Solubility in water at 25 C
o
g/l 300
HEALTH & SAFETY
HMIS classification Health 2
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
HMIS personal protection NIOSH approved respirator, butyl rubber
gloves, safety glasses, suitable clothing
Food approval(s) Broadly approved for food contact ap-
plications
UN risk phrases, R - 22,38,41
US safety phrases, S - 26,28.1,37/39
DOT class - not regulated
ICAO/IATA class - not regulated
TDG class - not regulated
Proper shipping name not regulated
Flash point o
C 250
Animal testing, acute toxicity, Mouse oral LD50 mg/kg 500 to 2000
Ingestion Harmful if swallowed
O O
S
Molecular mass daltons 142.17
Chemical category - monomer
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Odor - unpleasant
Color - yellow
Boiling point o
C 225
Density at 20 C o
kg/m 3
1334
Vapor pressure at 20 Co
kPa 0.05
Volume resistivity Ohm-cm 10
Surface resistivity Ohm/sq 1.0E2 to 5.0E4
Surface resistance Ohm 1.0E3 to 1.0E7
Viscosity at 20oC mPas 11
Izod impact notched J/m 53
Izod impact unnoched J/m 187
Tensile strength MPa 69
Tensile elongation % 1 to 2
Tensile modulus MPa 6206
Flexural strength MPa 97
Flexural modulus MPa 5171
Mold shrinkage % 0.1 to 0.2
Mixture - no
EC number - 215-609-9
Molecular mass daltons 12.01
Chemical category - carbon black
Moisture content wt% 0.1
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
State - solid
Surface area (BET) m /g2
65
Density at 25oC kg/m3 1800 to 2000
Bulk density kg/m3 170
Dielectric constant at 1 MHz - 2.5 to 3.0
pH - 10
Heat of combustion at 25 C
o
MJ/kg 50.75
Volatility wt% 0.2 max
Ash wt% 0.01
HEALTH & SAFETY
HMIS personal protection Face shield, full suit, respirator, gloves,
boots
Autoignition temperature o
C 500 min
ACGIH, TLV – TWA 8h mg/m 3
3.5
OSHA, TLV – TWA 8h mg/m3 3.5
Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rat oral LD50 mg/kg 15400
Animal testing, acute toxicity, Rabbit dermal mg/kg 3000
LD50
First aid, eyes Separate eyelids, wash the eyes thor-
oughly with water (15 min)
First aid, skin No special measures necessary
First aid, inhalation Ensure supply of fresh air