BIOLOGY (ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, HEALTH), ENVIRONMENT & AGRICULTURE
are proteins produced by lymphocytes as a result of
stimulation by an antigen which can then interact
specifically with that particular antigen.
961. (3) Heparin is a naturally-occurring anticoagulant
produced by basophils and mast cells. Heparin acts
as an anticoagulant, preventing the formation of clots
and extension of existing clots within the blood.
Heparin is present in the walls of blood vessels where
it doesn’t allow blood to clot.
962. (4) A herbivore is an organism anatomically and
physiologically adapted to plant material, for example
foliage, as the main component of its diet. Cattle are
herbivorous animals.
963. (1) Most mammalian hearts are structured similarly
to the human heart. There are 4 chambers found within
the mammalian heart: the left atrium, right atrium,
left ventricle, and right ventricle.
964. (4) The Gambusia fish, also known as mosquitofish,
feeds on the larvae of mosquitoes. So it helps in
controlling their population. Mosquitofish were
introduced directly into ecosystems in many parts of
the world as a bio-control to lower mosquito
populations which in turn negatively affected many
other species in each distinct bioregion.
965. (3) f the environmental lapse rate is greater than –
5.5 K/km, then there is some small amount of vertical
turbulence and the atmosphere is said to be stable.
It is also referred to as being sub-adiabatic.
966. (4) The membranes of chill sensitive plants have been
found to have about a 2:1 ratio of unsaturated to
saturated fatty acids. It has been seen that the
proportion of unsaturated membrane fatty acids
increases and the critical temperature decreases when
chill-sensitive plants are acclimated to a low
temperature.
967. (2) Cellular respiration is a catabolic process because
it is breaking down glucose to eventually transfer
energy into its usable form in ATP. An anabolic
process builds things up, photosynthesis is a version
of this and the metabolic opposite of cellular
respiration.
968. (1) The yolk sac is a membranous sac attached to an
embryo, providing early nourishment. It functions
as the developmental circulatory system of the human
embryo, before internal circulation begins. It carries
out transfer of nutrients in weeks 2 and 3 when the
utero-placental circulation is established
969. (3) Medulla Oblongata is that part of the brain which
regulates basic functions. It regulates vomiting,
hiccupping, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, etc.
970. (3) The lateral line is a system of sense organs found
in aquatic vertebrates, chiefly fish, used to detect
movement and vibration in the surrounding water.
Sea Horses do not have such organ.
971. (2) Conglobate gland is a leaf like, median, un-
branched gland of male cockroach. It lies below the
ejaculatory duct and open into the genital pouch close
to the male genital aperture.
972. (1) The first and second band represent the numerical
value of the resistor, and the color of the third band
specify the power-of-ten multiplier. Reading the
resistor from left to right, the fourth band represents
the tolerance.
SGAE–992
973. (2) Curcumin is the principal curcuminoid of the
popular Indian spice turmeric, which is a member of
the ginger family. The curcuminoids are natural
phenols that are responsible for the yellow color of
turmeric.
974. (1) The human body requires more calcium than any
other mineral. At least 99% of the calcium is found in
the bones and teeth, giving them strength and rigidity.
975. (3) Sharks possess a heterocercal caudal fin in which
the dorsal portion is usually noticeably larger than
the ventral portion. This is because the shark’s
vertebral column extends into that dorsal portion,
providing a greater surface area for m uscle
attachment.
976. (3) The sigmoid colon is a short curving of the colon,
just before the rectum. It is part of the large intestine.
977. (3) Phytochrome is a photoreceptor, a pigment that
plants use to detect light. It is a protein with a bilin
chromophore. It detects mainly red and far-red region
of the visible spectrum and regulates germination of
seeds.
978. (1) Quenching is a process in which absorbed light
energy is dissipated as heat and does not take part
in photochemistry. The phenomenon involves
quenching of chlorophyll a (Chla) fluorescence, which
is induced under steady-state illumination.
979. (1) AIDS virus destroys the T -cells inside of the
immune system. T cells or T lymphocytes belong to a
group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes,
and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity.
980. (4) Nitrosomonas is a genus comprising rod shaped
chemoautotrophic bacteria. This rare bacteria oxidizes
ammonia into nitrite as a metabolic process.
Nitrosomonas are useful in treatment of industrial
and sewage waste and in the process of
bioremediation.
981. (4) When cells are exposed to sunlight, radiant energy
can damage the DNA. For example, ultraviolet
irradiation causes covalent bond formation between
adjacent thymines on the same strand of DNA.
Ultraviolet light is absorbed by a double bond in
thymine and cytosine bases in DNA. This added
energy opens up the bond and allows it to react with
a neighboring base.
982. (2) Pyrolysis is a thermo-chemical decomposition of
organic material at elevated temperatures in the
absence of oxygen (or any halogen). Pyrolysis
generally takes place well above atmospheric pressure
at temperatures exceeding above 430 °C.