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Electrical Load Estimation – Part Three ~ Electrical Knowhow
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Electrical Load Estimation – Part Three
In the previous topic " Electrical Load Estimation – Part One ", I explain the definitions of the most
important terms in electrical load estimation and provides download links for factors used in the
electrical load estimation.
Also, I listed the ( 5) methods of electrical load estimations which were:
A- Preliminary load calculation which divide to:
1. Space by space (functional area method),
2. Building Area method.
3. Area method. (3) Online
B- NEC load calculations.
C- Final load calculations.
I explained the first method of preliminary load calculations; Space by space (functional area method)
in the previous topic " Electrical Load Estimation – Part Two "
Today, I will explain other methods for electrical load estimations, which are:
Building Area method.
Area method.
Second: The Building Area Method
Excel Spre
The Building Area method is used for buildings, to some extent, bigger than that can be handled by the
Space by space method, although it is easier than the Space by space method as you estimate the
electrical load based on the activity of the whole building unlike the Space by space method which need
dividing the building into multi-areas with different activities.
Comparison between space-by-space and building type methods Electrical
Power Allowances (densities) under the two methods are similar for buildings with typical
Electrical
space distributions, but may vary depending on the space distributions in particular buildings.
In general the Building Area Method is easier to use than the Space-by-Space Method, but the
Space-by-Space Method offers greater flexibility. Electrical
In addition, the Space-by-Space Method allows the use of the Additional Interior Lighting
Power Allowance for certain specific uses.
Usage conditions of Building Area Method
The Building Area Method may be used only for:
An entire building (using the primary occupancy), or;
Single, independent, and separate occupancies in a multi-occupancy building.
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9/3/2014 Electrical Load Estimation – Part Three ~ Electrical Knowhow
Guide

Liquid Cooled Genset Application

Manual Selective c
Area Measurement in Building Area Method

MV Design & Technical Guide

Total Gross Area will be used in the Building Area Method and the square footage is measured
MV Application catalogue from the outside surface of exterior walls, or from the outside surface of exterior walls to the
center line of walls between building types. AccuSine

Electrical and Traffic Engineering

Manual Method of estimation by using Building Area Method

In this method, we have two cases as follows:

ELECTRICAL SOFTWARE
First case: availability of grouped load density (i.e. one value for the whole building) in
Electrical Software Programs
(W/ft2) or/and (VA/ft2).
Second case : availability of individual load density (i.e. individual values for lighting, general
Riesgo Software For Performing The
power and power loads) in (W/ft2) or/and (VA/ft2) for the whole building.First case
Risk Assessment Study

StrikeRisk V5.0 for performing the Risk

Assessment Study
First Case:
RAPAL Software for performing the
Risk Assessment Study availability of grouped load density (i.e. one value for the whole building) in (W/ft2) or/and (VA/ft2).
Hence, Method of estimation by using building area Method will be as follows:
Erico-GEM Software Program for
Earthing Calculations

1. Calculate the total Gross Area for the building;

Visual Professional Edition Software
(6) - Print the Results by Using the
Print Editor 2. Determine the building type/usage (use a reasonable equivalent if the specific building type is not
listed);
Visual Professional Edition Software
(5) - Inserting Calculation Planes
3. Determine the load density in (W/ft2) or/and (VA/ft2) from the Tables for that building type,
Visual Professional Edition Software
(4) - Inserting Luminaires 4. Calculate the preliminary electrical load by multiplying the total gross area of the building by its load
density.
Visual Professional Edition Software
(3) - Starting Steps
5- Multiply the preliminary electrical load for the building by the power factor value (= 0.8) and a
suitable load factor (for future extensions and losses compensations) to get the main service size.
Visual Professional Edition Software
(2) - Checking the Default Settings

Visual Professional Edition Software

(1) – Understanding the Program
Interface Example #1:

CalcuLux Software(1) - Main Window

and Bar Menus
If the educational buildings have power densities as follows:

CalcuLux Software(2) - Checking The

Default Settings

CalcuLux Software(3) - Example for Load density (watt/m2) for Load density (watt/m2)
Ligthing design of an Office
non air conditioned zone for air conditioned zone

CalcuLux Software - Part Four 15 90

(8) differen

CalcuLux Software - Part Five

Calculate the total preliminary electrical load for transformer(s) feeding an academic building which has
(4) floors with a floor area 3250 m2, and calculations to be done for the following cases:
CalcuLux Software - Part Six
Building with air conditioning,
Building without air conditioning.
CalcuLux Software-Part Seven
Locating o

The solution:
ID-Spec Software

DIALux Lighting Software Program-

Blue Version The total gross area of the building = 3250 m2 x 4 = 13000 m2
The building type/usage is educational
DIALux Lighting Software Program -
Red Version The load densities is indicated in the above table
Sizing Ove

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9/3/2014 Electrical Load Estimation – Part Three ~ Electrical Knowhow
The total estimated electrical load :
DIALux - Indoor Lighting Calculations
Menu Options
1. The total estimated electrical load for the Building with air conditioning = 13000 x 90 = 1,170,000
watt = 1,170 KW
2. And, the total estimated electrical load for the Building without air conditioning = 13000 x 15
HOW TO Electrical D
=195,000 watt = 195 KW

Write Technical Specifications for
Lightning Protection Systems
Determine The Number Of Down
Conductors of LPS
1. Transformer output rating for the Building with air conditioning = 1,170 kW / (0.7 x 0.85) = 1,967
Perform Need for Lightning Protection
Calculations by (4) Different Methods
Perform Grounding Calculations by (6)
Different Methods
The preliminary electrical load is based on a cos phi = 0.85 and a transformer load level of
Electrical D
70%.
Transformer output rating for the Building:
Electrical D
kVA
2. Transformer output rating for the Building without air conditioning = 195 kW / (0.7 x 0.85) = 328
kVA (in some regulations, this load can be feed from utility low voltage network without the need
for a transformer substation inside the user’s premises)

Size Earthing Conductors Using NEC

Tables

Second case:
Size Earthing Conductors Using BS
7671

Select the Best Earthing System
Calculate Voltage Drop as per U.S.
and European Methods
availability of individual load density (i.e. individual values for lighting, general power and power loads)
in (W/ft2) or/and (VA/ft2) for the whole building. Hence, Method of estimation by using building area
Method will be as follows:
1- Calculate the total Gross Area for the building;

2- Determine the building type/usage (use a reasonable equivalent if the specific building type is not
Use NEC Annex B Tables in
Conductor Ampacity Calculations listed);

Perform Conductor Ampacity 3- Determine the load density in (W/ft2) or/and (VA/ft2) from the Tables for that building type for each
Calculations Using NEC under
load type i.e. for lighting, small appliances, power loads.
Engineering Supervision Method

Perform Conductor Ampacity 4- Multiply the total gross area of the building by the assigned Lighting / small appliances /power load
Calculations Using NEC Section
310.15 Tables densities to get the estimated lighting / small appliances /power electrical loads for this building.

Size Overcurrent Protection Devices 5- Take into your consideration the following points:

Calculate the Total Demand Electrical Consider requirements for supplementary lighting (for example, floodlighting, security
Load for Non-Dwelling Buildings lighting, and special task lighting).

Calculate Electrical Demand Load for

Dwelling Buildings as per NEC
Optional Method
Calculate Electrical Demand Load for
Dwelling Buildings as per NEC
Standard Method
Calculate general-use receptacles load
in a dwelling unit
Consider requirements for the extent of using small appliances by the occupants of this space
(for example, Mechanical spaces in building storage areas and similar spaces in which outlets
are provided but infrequently used are usually neglected in computing loads, except for
special cases).
Electric power loads shall include all loads other than lighting loads and those served by
general purpose receptacles and comprise the environmental system electric power
requirements and the facility occupancy equipment electric power requirements

Calculate Maximum Permissible

6- Sum the estimated lighting load plus the estimated small appliances load plus the estimated power
Number Of Lighting Fixtures On A loads to get the total estimated electrical loads.
General Lighting Branch Circuit

7- Multiply the total estimated electrical load for the whole building by the power factor value (= 0.8)
Calculate Track Lighting Load and a suitable load factor (for future extensions and losses compensations) to get the main service size.

Calculate The Minimum Number Of

General Lighting Branch Circuits For
Any Building
Example#2:
Calculate General Lighting Branch
Circuit Load For Any Building Checklist
A (4) floors office building with a floor area 2000 SF, calculate the total preliminary electrical load for
Calculate Sign And Outline Branch
the transformer(s) feeding this building By using The following tables from ASHRAE and IEEE.
Circuits Load

Calculate Show Window Lighting Load

Calculate The Minimum number of

receptacle branch circuits for bank or
office buildings

Calculate the Maximum allowable

number of receptacles on a branch
circuit in a dwelling unit

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9/3/2014 Electrical Load Estimation – Part Three ~ Electrical Knowhow

Estimate Preliminary Load By Using

Area Method

Estimate Preliminary Load By Using

The Building Area Method

Estimate Preliminary Load By Using

Space-By-Space Method (Functional
Area Method)

Design Outdoor Lighting By Using

Isolux Diagram Method

Design Outdoor Lighting By Using The

Beam-Lumen Method As Per IES

Design Outdoor Lighting By Using The

Beam-Lumen Method As Per CIE

Design Outdoor Lighting By Using

Point-By-Point Method

Design Interior Lighting By Using By

Using Quick Estimate Charts

Design Interior Lighting By Using Watt

Per Square Feet Method

Design Interior Lighting By Using Point

By Point Method

Design Interior Lighting By Using The

Zonal Cavity (Lumen) Method

Build Preliminary Single Line Diagram

Like Professionals

Make A Preliminary Design Like

Professionals

Write Electrical Design Criteria Like

Professionals

Specify The Required Type Of Course EP

General-Use Receptacles For Each
Area In A Dwelling Unit

Distribute General-Use Receptacle

Loads In A Dwelling Unit

Select Receptacle Rating For A Branch

Circuit In A Dwelling Unit

Course EC

CONTACT FORM

Name

Email *

Message *

Send

The solution:

HOW TO JOIN OUR SITE? 1- The total gross area of the building = 2000 x 4 = 8000 SF

2- The building type/usage is Office

3- From above ASHRAE and IEEE tables, the load densities will be as follows:

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9/3/2014 Electrical Load Estimation – Part Three ~ Electrical Knowhow
Lighting = 1.81 W/SF
Small appliances = 1 VA/SF
Air conditioning = 6 VA/SF

4- The subtotals estimated electrical loads will be as follows:

Lighting = 1.81 W/SF x 8000 = 14,480 Watt

Small appliances = 1 VA/SF x 8000 = 8,000 Watt
Air conditioning = 6 VA/SF x 8000 = 48,000 Watt

5- The total estimated electrical load for the Building = 14,480 + 8,000 + 48,000 = 70,480 Watt = 70.5 KW

6- The preliminary electrical load is based on a cos phi = 0.85 and a transformer load level of 70%.
7- Transformer output rating for the Building = 70.5 kW / (0.7 x 0.85) = 118.5 kVA (in some regulations,
this load can be feed from utility low voltage network without the need for a transformer substation
inside the user’s premises)

Free download

Watt per Square Foot based on IEEE.

Watt per Square Meter based on NEC.
Watt per Square Meter based on IEC.
Watt per Square Meter based on Other Regulations.

In the next topic, I will explain the Third method for preliminary electrical load calculations; Area
method. So, please keep following.

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