dBiqryh

dBiqryh 4

Biqryh
d xqLls ls mcyh
cksyhµ;s èkkxs
D;ksa gSa esjs ihNs&vkxs\
bUgsa rksM+ nks_
eq>s esjs ik¡oksa ij NksM+ nksA

lqudj cksyha vkSj&vkSj

dBiqrfy;k¡
fd gk¡]
cgqr fnu gq,
gesa vius eu osQ Na n Nq,A
exj---
igyh dBiqryh lkspus yxhµ
;s oSQlh bPNk
esjs eu esa txh\

r Hkokuhizlkn feJ

19

2020-21
 olar Hkkx&2

bl dfork esa dBiqrfy;k¡ Lora=krk dh bPNk ls Lo;a viuh ckr O;Dr

dj jgh gSaA muosQ le{k Lora=krk dks lkdkj cukusokyh pqukSfr;k¡ gaSA èkkxs
dfork osQ ckjs esa

esa c¡èkh gqbZ dBiqrfy;k¡ ijkèkhu gSaA bUgsa nwljksa osQ b'kkjs ij ukpus ls nq[k
gksrk gSA nq[k ls ckgj fudyus osQ fy, ,d dBiqryh fonzksg dj nsrh gSA
og vius ik¡o ij [kM+h gksuk pkgrh gSA mldh ckr lHkh dBiqrfy;ksa dks
vPNh yxrh gSA Lora=k jguk dkSu ugha pkgrk! ysfdu] tc igyh
dBiqryh ij lcdh Lora=krk dh f”kEesnkjh vkrh gS] og lksp&le>dj
dne mBkuk ”k:jh le>rh gSA

iz'u&vH;kl
dfork ls
1- dBiqryh dks xqLlk D;ksa vk;k\
2- dBiqryh dks vius ik¡oksa ij [kM+h gksus dh bPNk gS] ysfdu og D;ksa ugha
[kM+h gksrh\
3- igyh dBiqryh dh ckr nwljh dBiqrfy;ksa dks D;ksa vPNh yxh\
4- igyh dBiqryh us Lo;a dgk fdµ^;s èkkxs @ D;ksa gSa esjs ihNs&vkxs\@ bUgsa rksM+
nks_ @ eq>s esjs ik¡oksa ij NksM+ nksA *µrks fiQj og ¯pfrr D;ksa gqbZ fdµ^;s oSQlh
bPNk @ esjs eu esa txh\* uhps fn, okD;ksa dh lgk;rk ls vius fopkj
O;Dr dhft,µ
l mls nwljh dBiqrfy;ksa dh f”kEesnkjh eglwl gksus yxhA
l mls 'kh?kz Lora=k gksus dh ¯prk gksus yxhA
l og Lora=krk dh bPNk dks lkdkj djus vkSj Lora=krk dks ges'kk cuk,
j[kus osQ mik; lkspus yxhA
l og Mj xbZ] D;ksafd mldh mez de FkhA

dfork ls vkxs
1- ^cgqr fnu gq, @ gesa vius eu osQ Nan Nq,A*µbl iafDr dk vFkZ vkSj D;k
gks ldrk gS\ vxys i`"B ij fn, gq, okD;ksa dh lgk;rk ls lksfp, vkSj vFkZ
20 fyf[k,µ

2020-21
 dBiqryh
(d) cgqr fnu gks x,] eu esa dksbZ meax ugha vkbZA
([k) cgqr fnu gks x,] eu osQ Hkhrj dfork&lh dksbZ ckr ugha mBh] ftlesa
Nan gks] y; gksA
(x) cgqr fnu gks x,] xkus&xquxqukus dk eu ugha gqvkA
(?k) cgqr fnu gks x,] eu dk nq[k nwj ugha gqvk vkSj u eu esa [kq'kh vkbZA
2- uhps nks Lora=krk vkanksyuksa osQ o"kZ fn, x, gSaA bu nksuksa vkanksyuksa osQ nks&nks
Lora=krk lsukfu;ksa osQ uke fyf[k,µ
(d) lu~ 1857 --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
([k) lu~ 1942 --------------------------------- ---------------------------------

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

n Lora=k gksus dh yM+kbZ dBiqrfy;k¡ oSQls yM+h gksaxh vkSj Lora=k gksus osQ ckn
Lokoyach gksus osQ fy, D;k&D;k iz;Ru fd, gksaxs\ ;fn mUgsa fiQj ls èkkxs
esa ck¡èkdj upkus osQ iz;kl gq, gksaxs rc mUgksaus viuh j{kk fdl rjg osQ
mik;ksa ls dh gksxh\

Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- dbZ ckj tc nks 'kCn vkil esa tqM+rs gSa rks muosQ ewy :i esa ifjorZu gks
tkrk gSA dBiqryh 'kCn esa Hkh bl izdkj dk lkekU; ifjorZu gqvk gSA tc
dkB vkSj iqryh nks 'kCn ,d lkFk gq, dBiqryh 'kCn cu x;k vkSj blls
cksyus esa ljyrk vk xbZA bl izdkj osQ oqQN 'kCn cukb,µ
tSlsµdkB (dB) ls cukµdBxqykc] dBiQksM+k

gkFkµgFk lksukµlksu fe^h&eV

2- dfork dh Hkk"kk esa y; ;k rkyesy cukus osQ fy, izpfyr 'kCnksa vkSj
okD;ksa esa cnyko gksrk gSA tSlsµvkxs&ihNs vfèkd izpfyr 'kCnksa dh tksM+h
gS] ysfdu dfork esa ^ihNs&vkxs* dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA ;gk¡ ^vkxs* dk ^---cksyh
;s èkkxs* ls èofu dk rkyesy gSA bl izdkj osQ 'kCnksa dh tksfM+;ksa esa vki
Hkh ifjorZu dhft,µnqcyk&iryk] bèkj&mèkj] Åij&uhps] nk,¡&ck,¡] xksjk&dkyk]
yky&ihyk vkfnA 21

2020-21