CHAPTER 23 (Monday)

REVISION QUESTIONSCORROSION
(Answer of question from course notes)

Q 01-Is the electrical circuit in a corrosion reaction AC or DC?

Ans-Direct Current(DC)

Q02 -Does corrosion occur at thecathode or anode?

Ans-Corrosion occurs atAnodes

Q03-Name the three factors needed for corrosion to occur.

Ans-The three factors required for corrosion isAnodes, Cathodes and Electrolyte.

Q04-What is meant by the term electrolyte?

Ans-Electrolyte is a substancewhichwill conduct a current and be broken down by its.

Q05-What is corrosion?
Ans-Corrosion is degradation of metal by a Chemical or Electrochemical means.

Q06-In the corrosion circuit do electronsflow from anode to cathode?

Ans-Electrons flow from Cathodes to Anodes.

Q07-Which gas is released at the cathode when the electrolyte is water?

Ans-Hydrogen gas.

Q08-which is more noble metal, steel or aluminium?

Ans-Steel.

Q09-Which is more electronegative, steel or aluminium?

Ans-Aluminium.

Q10-If steel and copper were in contact in electrolyte which would corrode?
Ans-Steel.

Q11-Name two common hygroscopicsalts.

Ans-Iron Sulphate and Iron Chlorides.
Q12-Name three metals used as sacrificial anode on a steel pipeline.
Ans-Zinc,Alloy andMagnesium.

Q13-What is the approximate thickness of millscale?

Ans-25-100µm.

Q14-Which of the two metals would corrode if steel and zinc were coupled?
Ans-Zinc will corrode.

Q15-Which other names relate to the Galvanic list?

Ans-Galvanic Series, Electrochemical Series andElectromotive Force Series.

 
Q16-Inwhich environmentare you likely to encounter chloride salt?
Ans- Marine’s environment.

Q17-Which three compounds together form millscale?

Ans-Wustite, Magnetite and Hematite.

Q18-If magnesium was coupled with zinc, which would corrode?

Ans-Magnesium.

Q19-In which environment would sulphate salt be found?

Ans-Industrial and agriculture.

Q20-what is an osmotic blister?

Ans-Dome shape projection causes by Hygroscopic Salts.

Q21-Whatis an ion?
Ans-Positively or negatively charge atom.

Q22-What is meant by polarization?

Ans-Current either positive or negative ( DC + or DC-)

Q23-Is an anode positive or negative?

Ans-positive charge.
Q24-Can corrosion occur without an electrolyte?
Ans-Cannot, because three factors needed for corrosion to occur, anodes, cathodes and
electrolyte.

Q25-Name a sub atomic particles?

Ans-Proton, Electron and Neutron.

Q26-What is millscale and when and where does it occur?

Ans-Millscale iscombination of oxideslayers on steel surface, formedtogetherduringrolling
processof steelat high temperaturewith approximate thickness 25-100µm.

Q27-Name three factors, which can accelerate corrosion reactions.

Ans-Temperature, Hygroscopic Salts, Aerobic Condition, Bacteria, acid and alkalis.

Q28-Why is it considered essential to remove millscale prior to painting?

Ans-Because the nobility between steel and mill scale, mill scale more noble than steel and mill
scale iseasily flack off if temperatureapplied and will lack of adhesion due to different expansion.

Q29-Why does an uncoated steel plate corrode?

Ans-Because of three elements for corrosion was there.

Q30-If corrosion occurs at anodic areas, why does steel corrode evenly all over the surface?
Ans-Because there is no protection at the steel.

 
CHAPTER 23 (Monday) Sht 2
REVISION QUESTIONSSURFACE PREPARATION
(Answer of question from course note)

Q01-Which British standard would be used in determining the size of copper slag abrasive?
Ans-BS 410.

Q02-Which British standard would be used in determining the size of metallic abrasives?
Ans-BS 410.

Q03-Which regulations prohibit the use of sand for blasting steel?

Ans-COSHH regulation

Q04-What is meant by the term ‘key’?

Ans-Cross section of Blasting Profile.

Q05-Why is it important to have good surface preparation?

Ans-To remove contamination for better adhesion between a paint and the substrate.

Q06-What is meant by the term ‘silver’?

Ans-Lamination or crack, appear to be a longitudinal crack, which one lip curling back.

Q07-what is a hackle?
Ans-A small surface lamination which stand upright like a needle after blasting

Q08-Name two other terms that could be used for ‘anchor pattern’?
Ans-Profile, Key, Peak to through height.

Q09-What are the main advantages of using ‘Testex papers” for measuring profiles?
Ans-Testex papers can be keeping as a permanent record.

Q10-What is meant by the grade, relating to a blast finish?

Ans-Degree of cleanliness.

Q11-What arethe main factors governing the grade of a blast finish?

Ans-Dependant on the time spent on the area and velocity of the particles.
Q12-Can the grade of a blast finish be determined by using the surface comparators to
BS7079Pt C3?
Ans-Cannot, surface comparator used for assess degree of roughness only.

Q13-What profile range can be measured using X course Testex?

Ans-40-115µm

Q14-What profile range can be measured using course grade Testex?

Ans-20-50µm.

Q15-What are the two theories ofadhesion?

Ans-Molecular Attraction and Molecular Interference.

Q16-Briefly describe the mechanisms of the two theories of adhesion.

Ans-Molecular Attraction–
negatively charge particle attracted to positively areas and vise versa (analogy magnet )
MolecularInterference
Because the surface is rough and uneven the paint wets and lock into theprofile
(analogy Velcro/physical).

Q17-How many microns arein1 thou?

Ans-25.4µm.

Q18-Give three different names for the cross section of a blast.

Ans-Blast profile, anchor pattern and amplitude

Q19-What is the approximate speed of abrasives leaving a venturi nozzle?

Ans-450 mph.

Q20-What is the most common cause of flash rusting on a blasted substrate?

Ans-Moisture.

Q21-What would be considered to be an ideal shot grit mix?

Ans-20– 30% Grit to 70–80% Shot.

Q22-What is the purpose of mixing shot and grit?

Ans-To create more uniform profile which Grit cut a profile and a Shot will control peak to
throughheight.
Q23-Which abrasive would have the effect of work hardening?
Ans-Steel Shot.

Q24-Name three methods of measuring or assessing a profile.

Ans-Surface Profile,Needle Gauge, Dial Micrometer and Replica Tape and Surface Comparator.

Q25-What is the most common cause ofrough peak on substrate?

Ans-Blast to long time at a same area.

Q26-In what situation would it better to use steel grit in preference to copper slag abrasives?
Ans-Factory and confine space.

Q27-If crack or laminations are found on a substrate after blasting what step should be taken?
Ans-Refer to the Engineer for His/Her discretion.

Q28-Using comparators to ISO 8503, what are the three main profile assessments?
Ans-Fine, Medium and Course.

Q29 -what are the other two assessments when the above three are not appropriate?
Ans-Finer than Fine and Coarser than Coarse.

Q30-What would be size of copper slag needed to give aprofile of 50 to 75ụm

Ans-Garnet size 3060.(G16)
SURFACE PREPARATION (Tuesday)
(Answer of question from course note)

Q01-What is the title of the BS 7079?

Ans-Preparation of steel substrate before application of paints and related product.

Q02-What are thefour characteristics of an abrasive?

Ans-Size of particles, hardness, density and shape of particle.

Q03-Why are blast hoses carbon impregnated?

Ans-To remove or reduce electric static shock.

Q04-Name the gauge used for measuring pressure at the blastnozzle?

Ans-Hypodermic Needle Gauge.

Q05-Name four advantages of centrifugal blasting over open blasting.

Ans-Long production run, Can control quality, more safety, efficient use of abrasive.

Q06-According to BS 7079 it is possible to blast clean toan A Sa1?

Ans-Impossible.

Q07-Is there any difference between an A Sa1 and B Sa1?

Ans-Yes, the appearance.

Q08-Could you tell the difference between rust grades A and B blasted to Sa3?
Ans-No different

Q09-Could you tell the difference between rustgrades C and D blasted to Sa3?
Ans-Yes, Rust grade D have a heavy pitted.
Q10-What would be a typical speed of abrasives leaving a wheel abrator?
Ans-220mph.

Q11-What is considered to be the most efficient blasting pressure?

Ans-100psi per nozzle.

Q12-What is meant by the term “burnishing”?

Ans- Burnishing is a result of over brushing, smoothandshiny areas
which does not provide goodadhesion.

Q13-What would be the equivalent to St2 in the Sa grade?

Ans-SA 1

Q14-What is the neutral figure on thepH scale?

Ans-7pH

Q15-How is pH measured?
Ans-Using pH indication strip paper.

Q16-Why are inhibitor sometimes added to water in wet blasting?

Ans-To retards the formation of corrosion product.

Q17-Name two typical areas where needle guns might be used?

Ans-Rust Grade A and D.

Q18-What is the Duplex process of surface preparation?

Ans-Pickling process followed by passivation process.

Q19-Which pH range covers acids?

Ans-0 till 7pH. Acid.

Q20-Which pH range covers alkalies?

Ans-7 till 14pH Alkalines.
Q21-What is the meaning of pH?
Ans-

Q22-Name three disadvantages of wet blasting?

Ans-Supply a large amount of water, disposal of slurry and mix of inhibitor.

Q23-Name two areas on a structure where flam cleaning cannot be done?

Ans-Revert, screw, bolt and nuts.

Q24-Which three basic operations are performed during flame cleaning?

Ans-Expansion, Dehydration and Heat penetration.

Q25-How does BS 7079 define flam cleaning standards?

Ans-AF1, BF1, CF1 and DF1.

Q26-What is ‘Jason Hammer?

Ans-Type of a needle gun.

Q27-What is meant by St2 and St3?

Ans-St2 means thorough hand and power tool cleaningSt3 means Very thorough handand
powertool cleaning.

Q28-Two alloy are use to render wire brushes spark free, what are they?
Ans-Phosphorus Bronze and Beryllium Bronze.

Q29-Why ‘Burnishing’ be avoided?

Ans-Burnishing did not provide a good adhesion of paint.

Q30-Name two disadvantages of using needle gun.

Ans-Leave a very coarse profile and,workhardenneed.

Q31-After phosphating, what would be a typical pH requirement prior to coating?

Ans-4.5 Till 7pH.

Q32-What is under stood by the term ‘Knock out pot?

Ans-Oil or water filter/separator.
Q33-If an operator was blasting with a nozzle pressure of 80 psi. What would be his
approximateefficiency?
Ans-70% production.

Q34-Which solvents are commonly used for degreasing?

Ans-Xylene.

Q35-What is the dead mans handle?

Ans-Blasting Triggers which always under operator control.

Q36-Why is carbon impregnated in to blast hose?

Ans-To remove or reduce the electric shock.

Q37-how is abrasive cleansed in a wheel abrator system?

Ans-By Air Wash Separator

Q38-What is the main disadvantage of high pressure jetting compared to other systems?
Ans-Because of high pressure it’s very hazardous to the operator.

Q39-Name five method of wet blasting?

Ans-High pressure water blasting up to 30000psi, High pressure water plus abrasive injection,and
lowpressure water plus abrasive injection and Water Blasting.

Q40-What would be typical temperature andconcentration ofsulfuric Acid in the pickling process?
Ans-5 to 10% Concentration and60to70°CTemperature.

Q41-Describe the ‘Duplex processes ?

Ans-After Pickling Process complete, immerse the steel substrate into a bath of
phosphoric/Chromicacid, 2 % solution at 80°C for approximately one to two minute with iron
filling (0.5%) and afterthat rinse in clean water and check for Ph values. Value should be at the
range of 4.5 till 7pH.

Q42-What would be maximum pressure for high pressure water jetting?

Ans-30000 Psi
.

Q43-What are the disadvantages of wet blasting over dry blasting?

Ans-Lot of slurry, use large amount of water and use inhibitor.
Q44-Describe the phosphatingprocess?
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Q45-What would be considered to be advantage of wet blasting over dry blasting?

Ans-Spark free,environmentally friendly, remove hygroscopic salt, and reduce dust.

Q46-Why is the phosphating or chromating of steel done?

Ans-To forms rust inhibitive layers, which passivate the surface and increase the
adhesionproperties andalso extremely resistant to cathodic disbondment.

Q47-what would be an acceptable remedy for burnished area?

Ans-Treated by abrading with emery clothes.

Q48-Would burnishing be expected on areas of St2 preparation?

Ans-Yes

Q49-How many photographs of blast cleaning standards are shown in

BS 7079Pt A?
Ans-14 photos, 2 for rust grade A and4 photos for each rust grade B, C and D.

Q50-Do the plates shown in BS 7079 PtA related to grit blasting or shot blasting .
Ans-No it is related to all blasting.
PAINT TECHNOLOGY (1) (Wednesday)
Q01-Name a third type of paint other than solvent free and solvent born.
Ans-Powder paint.

Q02-An epoxy resin would use which solvent?

Ans-Ketones / Acetone.

Q03-Name four or more advantages of Chlorinated Rubber paint.

Ans-High resistance to mould growth,Non-flammable,Resistance to chemical attack,Non toxic
andeasy maintenance.

Q04-What are the three main disadvantages of Chlorinated Rubber paint?

Ans-Low resistance to some solvent, low temperature tolerance (65°C maximum) and spray
applicationresulted in ‘cobwebs’

Q05-Which solvent could be used with a Phenolic Resin?

Ans-White Spirits.

Q06-Chlorinated Rubber paint would contain which solvent?

Ans-Xylene.Chlorine.

Q07-Would it be good practice to apply Chlorinated Rubber over Alkyd resin?

Ans-No, CR contain with strong solvent and Alkyd contain with weak solvent, if CR applied
overAlkyd its will result a lifting.

Q08-Which solvent could be used with an Alkyd resin?

Ans-Aliphatic Hydrocarbon/White spirits.

Q09-How was the word Alkyd derived?

Ans-Alkyd derived from words of Alcohol and Acid reaction.

Q10-What is meant by opaque?

Ans-Inert particles with excellent light scattering properties in order to give covering power,
opacity andcolour.

Q11-What is meant by vehicle?

Ans-Binderis the main constituent of the paint; other terms areCarrier, Film former, non volatile.

Q12-Would it be acceptable practice to apply anAlkyd over Chlorinated Rubber?

Ans-Yes, weak solvent binder over strong solvent binder not creates any paint fault. I.e. lifting.

Q13-Would it be acceptable practice to apply Chlonirated Rubber over Phenolic?

Ans-Not acceptable,strong solvent over weaksolvent will spoilthe paint system. I.e. lifting.

Q14-Would it be acceptable practice to applyPhenolic Resin over Chlorinated Rubber?

Ans-Acceptable, weak solvent binder over strong solvent binder not creates any paint fault. I.e.
lifting..
Q15-Would it be acceptable practice to apply Epoxy over linseed oil base?
Ans-Acceptable, weak solvent binder over strong solvent binder not creates any paint fault. I.e.
lifting.

Q16-Would it be acceptable practice to apply Chlorinated Rubber over Epoxy?

Ans-Not acceptable, strong solvent binder over weak solvent binder will spoilt the paint system.
I.e.lifting.

Q17-Would it be acceptable practice to apply Epoxy Resin over Alkyd Resin?

Ans-No

Q18-What is other name for an un-pigmented paint?

Ans-Dye andvarnish.Lacquer

Q19-What are the natural properties of a Resin.

Ans-Very brittle,fast dryand can not mixed with water.

Q20-What are the natural properties of an Oil?

Ans-Slow drying, flexibility.

Q21-How does paint using the barrier principle work?

Ans-Forms thick impermeable layer of high electrical resistance,applied over primer coat,to
preventfromwater passing into the film and leaching out the inhibitive pigmentation.

Q22-How does paint using the Passivation principle work?

Ans-Causing a chemical reaction between the paint constituent and the substrate.

Q23-How does paint using cathodic protection principle work?

Ans-Bysacrificialcoating.

Q24-Give another name for solvent free two packs.Ans-Multi Component Liquids
paintsandChemicalcuring materials.

Q25-Name six properties of a binder.

Ans-Ease application, adhesion to substrate, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, cohesive
strengthand ability to resist the passage of water.

Q26-Name three natural resins used in paints.

Ans-Copal, dammar and coumarone.

Q27-Name five natural oils used in paints.

Ans-Linseed oil, castor oil, olive oil, tung oil, Soya oil and palm oil.

Q28-What does oleoresinous means?

Ans-A mixture of oil and resins.

Q29-Name an inorganic high temperature service binder.

Ans-Silicones, usually carbon or aluminium pigmented.
Q30-Name two pigments likely to be used for high temperature service.
Ans-Carbon and aluminium.

PAINT TECHNOLOGY (2)(Wednesday)

Q01-By what name would you call the basic unit of a polymer?
Ans-Poly means many and Mers means single units, can be single atom or molecule.

Q02-What is polymerisation?
Ans-Joining together of a string structure ofrepeated units.

Q03-Name three types of polymers.

Ans-Linear polymer, branched polymer and cross linked polymer.

Q04-What would be the characteristics of a short oil paint?

Ans-Less than 45% oil to resin, fast drying, brittle

Q05-What would be the characteristics of a long oil paint?

Ans-More than 60% oil to resin, slowdrying properties, elastic,

Q06-What is meant by the term “opaque pigment”?

Ans-Inert particle with excellent scattering properties in order to give covering power, opacity
andcolour,( Coloring pigment)

Q07-What is the typical size of a pigment partical?

Ans-1/10th micron.0.1 Micron.

Q08-Briefly describe the difference between “saturated” and “unsaturated” when referring to oils
orpolymers.
Ans-Saturated oil will not solidify by polymerisation to form a film and unsaturated oil will
combinewith oxygen.

Q09-Name two drying oils, which are unsaturated.

Ans-Linseed oil, tung oil.Semi drying oil and Non drying oil.

Q10-What is the main difference between a dye and apigment?

Ans-Dye can easily dissolve but pigment cannot.

Q11-What are the sourcesofpigments?

Ans-Animal, vegetable, mineral and synthetically produce.

Q12-If Titanium Dioxide was used in paint, whatwould be the colour?

Ans-White colour.

  Q13-Namethree rust inhibitive pigment considered to be toxic.

Ans-Red Lead, calcium plumbate, Coal tar andzinc chromate.
Q14-Name four commonly occurring minerals used as extender pigments.
Ans-Kaolin, china clay, calcium plumbhate, magnesium silicate and aluminium silicate.(4.12)

Q15-Name three laminar pigments.

Ans-Micacous iron oxide, Glass flake, Graphite and Aluminium flake.

Q16-If pigment was added way below the CPVC, how would it affect the film?
Ans-A film have a good gloss properties but poor covering power and have tendency to blister or
lowcohesive strength.

Q17-The abbreviation CPVC means what?

Ans-Critical Pigment Volume Concentration.

Q18-why are thixotropes added to a paint formulation?

Ans-To give moreshelf lifeand higher filmthickness.

Q19-If carbon was used as a pigment what would be the paint colour?
Ans-A black colour.

Q20Name four properties that a binder contributes to a paint film?

Ans-Ease of application, adhesion to substrate, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance and
cohesivestrength.

Q21-Describe how a basic inhibiter works?

Ans-Added into primer to protect the steel substrate by passivation.

Q22-which of the common extenders could not be used in white and pestle?
Ans-Slate flavor.

Q23-How could the filmbe affected if pigment was added above the CPVC?
Ans-All particle are not wetted, the paint film would be porous, low in cohesive strength and
adhesion.

Q24-Which of the rust inhibitive pigment is the most common?

Ans-Zinc phosphate.

Q25-Why are theextenders used in paint formulation

Ans-Provide adhesion, cohesion, films strength and durability.

Q26-If chromium was used as a pigment, what colour would the paint be?
Ans-Green, yellow and oranges.

Q27-Why are plasticisers added to paint?

Ans-To give paint flexibility and reduce brittleness.

Q28-Two metals are commonly used as galvanic pigmentation, name them.

Ans-Zinc and Aluminium.
 

Q29-Why are driers added to oil based paint?

Ans-For oxidizing oil and resin whichare added during paint manufacturing.Q30-

What is meant by the term ‘thixotropic’?

Ans-It is a thickenerwhich also allow a higher film thickness.

Q31-What is meant by the term ‘aggregate’ when referring paint?

Ans-Process of millingor grindinga paint ingredient to a suitable size.

Q32-If an antioxidant was added to paint, what would it do?

Ans-Its will retard the formation of skin on the paint surface.

Q33-Give the names of two plasticisers.

Ans-Castor oil and coconut oil.Alkyd resins and non drying oil.

Q34-What is meant by the term solution?

Ans-The resulting liquids I.e. salts mix with water will result salty water.Water and sugar are
solution.

Q35-Give two example of a solution.

Ans-Binder and solvent, water and salt, water and sugar

.Q36-What is meant by the term dispersion?

Ans-No solubility between two materials e.g.Paint.

Q37-There are two types of dispersion, what are they?

Ans-Suspension and Emulsion.

Q38-If paint cures by chemical reaction is it reversible or convertible?

Ans-Convertible/Non Reversible.

Q39-what types ofpolymerization occurs in chemically curing paint?

Ans-Cross linked Polymer.

Q40-Name a paint which dries solely by solvent evaporation.

Ans-Chlorinated Rubber, Vinyl, Acrylic, cellulous material and lacquer.

Q41-What is meant by‘non convertible’?

Ans-Allowing the polymer in a paint structure back into solution.

Q42-What is meant by ‘non reversible’?

Ans-Not allowing the polymer in a paint structure back into solution.

Q43-Name four drying mechanisms.

Ans-Solvent Evaporation,Oxidation, Chemical Curing and Coalescence.

Q44-In a coating, which dries by solvent evaporation, what type of polymerization occurs.
Ans-Chlorinated Rubber, Vinyl’s, Acrylic and fall into Linear Polymer categories.
Q45-What is another term for Fineness off Grind?
Ans-The Hegman Grind Gauge which used to measure degree of dispersion of paint.

Q46-Which generictypeof paint dry by solvent evaporation followed by oxidation

Ans-Alkyd, Phenolic and neutral oil and resin.

Q47-What types of polymer forms during oxidation?

Ans-Cross linking Polymer.

Q48-What term applies to paint drying at ambient temperature?

Ans-Air Drying.Reversible or non convertible and linear polymer.

Q49-What ismeant by the term ‘coalescence’?

Ans-Physically joint together.

Q50- What is meant by the term’ Potlife’

Ans-The periods of time after mixing whichthepaint must be used.

Q51-Name three curing agents used in epoxies?

Ans-Amides, Amines and Isocycnate.

Q52-Is paint a solution or dispersion, qualify?

Ans-Dispersion.

Q53-What is exothermic reaction?

Ans-Giving off heat, the container will warm up.

Q54-What is meant by the term ’Induction period’?

Ans-The length of time after mixing which the paint should stand before usedto allow
polymerization/  wetting of paint.

Q55-What is the difference between ‘thermoplastic’ and thermosetting’?

Ans-Thermosetting means the material will cure with the application of heat. And Thermoplastic
meansmaterials soften with the application of heat.

Q56-With a chemically curing paint,what type of polymerisation occurs ?

Ans-Cross Linking Polymer.

Q57-Two other terms relate to induction period, what are they?

Ans-Stand Time and Lead Time.

Q58-Does a Phenolic resin have an induction period?

Ans-Yes, the time depends onPaint Manufacturer recommendation.

Q59-Which of the following binders are reversible?

Ans-a)Epoxyb)Phenolicc) Vinyld)Chlorinated Rubber,e)Alkydf) Celluloseg) Urethaneh) Silicon

Q60-Is an epoxy powder paint thermoplastic or thermosetting?

Ans-Thermosetting, the powder will cure with the application of heat.
Q61-If a coating is permeable, what does it mean?
Ans-It’s a Barrier coat

Q62-What is meant by cross-linking, give twobinders as anexample?

Ans-????????

Q63-What isopposite to exothermic?

Ans-Endothermic reaction, taking in heat, the paint container will cold and forming condensation

.Q64-What is the term used for paints needing temperatures in excess of 65°c to cure?
Ans-Stoving, using oven or infra red.

Q65-What would be a typical induction period for Chlorinated rubber paint?

Ans-Depends on Technical Data Sheet recommendation from paint manufacture.

Q66-Name a material used as a dryer in paint formulation.

Ans-Heavy metal salts, Octoates or naphtanes of cobalt, manganese and zirconium.

Q67-Why would bentonite or wax be used in paint formulation?

Ans-These are “Thixotropes” added to paint
keep solidparticulateconstituents in depression within thepaints.

Q68-Name two materials used as plasticisers.

Ans-Coconut oil And Caster oil /Alkyd and Non drying oil.

Q69-What generic typeof paints would use anti-oxidant?

Ans-

Q70-How does a singlepack? EpoxyEasterpaint dry.

Ans-By oxidizing.

Q71-How is Dew-pointdefined?
Ans-The temperature at which water vapor in the air will condense.

Q72-How is relative humidity defined?

Ans-The amount of water vapor in the air expressed as a percentage of the amount of water vapor
whichcould be in the air at that same temperature.

Q73-When using a whirling hygrometer which bulb should be read first and why?
Ans-Always wet bulb first and immediately, when rotation stops wet bulb start rise in
temperature.

Q74-At what speed should be thermometer bulb pass through theair?

Ans-At a speed of 4meter/second.

Q75-What should be used when wetting the wick on whirling hygrometer?

Ans-Distilled water.

Q76-By what other name can we refer to a whirling hygrometer?

Ans-Aspirated Hygrometer and Psychrometer.
 
Q77-When the air temperature rises does the air’s capacity to hold water increase or decrease?
Ans-Decrease.

Q78-What is the stated criterion for accept, prior to calculation, on a whirling hygrometer?
Ans-Must be according to BS 2482.

Q79-Name two pieces of equipmentused for taking steel temperature?

Ans-Limpet Gauge, Digital Thermometer, Thermocouple and Touch Pyrometer.

Q80-Is it possible for wet bulb temperature to be higher than the dry bulb?
Ans-No, its impossible.

PAINT TESTING
(Thursday)Q 0 1 - D e f i n e v i s c o s i t y . Ans-Fluids resistance to flow, where the
liquids with a high viscosity is one which a high resistance toflow and it would not
run easily, a low viscosity is fluids runs very easily
.
Q02-What is meant by high viscosity?
Ans-
Liquids with a high resistance to flow.Andwould not run easily.Q 0 3 -
Approximately,what is the viscosity of water?A n s - O n e c e n t i
p o i s e . Q04-Name the CGS and SI units of dynamic viscisity?A n s -
CGS-Poise and SI-Newton per squaremeter.Q05-Name three
different flow cups.A n s - F o r d F l o w C u p , Z h a n a n d
F r i k m a r , a n d D I N . Q06-When using a flow cup which unit of viscosity
would be used?Ans-SI unit,Time in second at the measure temperature
(second/20°C±0.5)Q 0 7 - I n
‘F
ord flow
cup No.4’what does ‘4’ relate to?
A n s - D i a m e t e r o f n o z z l e o p e n i n g a t t h e b o t t o m o f c u p . Q08-Give the name
of three different rotational viscometers.Ans-Rotothinner-Dynamic Viscosity
andKreb stormer Viiscometer-Kinematics Viscosity.Q 0 9 - G i v e a r e a s o n f o r
p e r f o r m i n g a v i s c o s i t y t e s t o n s i t e . Ans-To find out the addition of
thinner.Comparing the sample taken from the operator at the point of application
and the sample from the paint manufacture technical data sheet.Q 1 0 - W h i c h v i s c o m e t e r
would notbe used on thixotropic paint?A n s - F o r d F l o w
C u p . Q11-Whyistemperaturevery important when doing
v i s c o s i t y t e s t ? Ans-Temperature wouldaffectthe drying and curing of
paint under test.Q12-What is the main difference between the
r o t a t h i n n e r a n d K r e b s S t o m e r ? Ans-Rotothinnergiving dynamic viscosity and
Krebs Stomer giving kinematics viscosity.Q 1 3 - D e s c r i b e h o w t o u s e a F o r d
Flow Cup.

 
Ans-
Clean and dry the cup, put on the triangular stand and make it parallel using spirit bubble
levelingon the lidof cup, open a cup, place a finger at a nozzle under a cup, fill a cup with a
paint under testand clean out any accesses if paint by ruler, standby with stop watch, at the
time we remove ourfinger from nozzle immediately at the same time press start button at stop
watch and look at the firstbrake of paint which drop from nozzle under cup and stop the stop
watch. The reading should beSecond/20°C±0.5.Q 1 4 - G i v e a n o t h e r n a m e f o r a
Fineness of grind gauge.A n s - T h e H e g m a n G r i n d G a u g e . Q15-Is
low flash point safer than a high flash point?A n s - N O , t h e
h i g h e r F l a s h p o i n t i s b e t t e r a n d s a f e r . Q16-How and for what a
H e g m a n g r i n d g a u g e u s e d ? Ans-Its used to measure the degree of dispersion of
paint, Paint is added to the deepest point of the scaleand drawnto totally fill the
groove by a special scraper bar, then check the 3mm band whereaggregates through the
surface of paint.Q17-Briefly describe how to do the volatile, non volatile test to
BS3900 Pt B2A n s - 1 0 . 1 p a g e Q 1 8 - N a m e t h e e q u i p m e n t u s e d t o
determine the flash point of a solvent?A n s - A b l e C u p . Q19-
What colour should the flame be at the flashpoint?A n s - B l u e f l a m e
f l a s h . Q20-What formulais usedto calculate thedensity?A n s -
D e n s i t y = W t ÷ V o l u m e Q21-What formula is used to
calculatethe specific gravity?Ans-SD or SG=Density of X ÷ Density of
water.Q 2 2 - W h a t i s t h e r e l a t i v e d e n s i t y ? A n s - D e n s i t y o f
W a t e r . S p e c i f i c g r a v i t y Q23-What are the other names for a density
c u p ? Ans-Relative Density Cup, Specific Gravity Cup, Weight per liter Cup,
Weight per gallon Cup andPyknometer.Q 2 4 - W h a t i s t h e s t o k e , t h e u n i t
for?

 
A n s - K i n e m a t i c s V i s c o s i t y . Q25-Which test is used to determine
Abrasion Resistance?A n s - T a b e r R o t a r y A b r a s e r . Q26-Which
equipment would be used to determineflexibility? A n s - C o n i c a l
M a n d r e l s . Q27-Which equipment would be used to measure impact
resistance?A n s - T u b u l a r I m p a c t T e s t e r . Q 2 8 - F o r w h a t r e a s o n w o u l d
the Koenig Albert Apparatus be used?Ans-Test the hardness of paint
after fully cured.Q29-Forwhich two reasons could a density cup be used
o n s i t e ? Ans-Determine correct mixing ratio and correct percentage of thinner
added into a paint.To calculate density if 2 pack material has been used.Q 3 0 - N a m e
f o u r a c c e l e r a t e d t e s t b o x e s . Ans-Humidity Cabinet, Salt Spray Cabinet,
Water Soak Test, Temperature Cycling and prohesion test.Q 3 1 - W h y a
t r o p i c a l b o x w o u l d b e u s e d ? Ans-Testing a pain in a situation of
tropical condition.Q32-would a paint be higher or lower density than
w a t e r ? A n s - H i g h e r t h a n d e n s i t y o f w a t e r . ( Y e s ) Q33-How would the
density be affected if solvent was added to paint?A n s - S o l v e n t
w o u l d d i l u t e t h e p a i n t . Q34-What is the capacity of a density cup?
A n s - 1 0 0 c c . Q35-What is the difference between SG and
D e n s i t y ? A n s - S G = D e n s i t y o f p a i n t ÷ D e n s i t y o f w a t e r Density = weight ÷
VolumeQ 3 6 - W h a t i n f o r m a t i o n c o u l d b e o b t a i n e d f r o m a w a t e r s o a k t e s t ?
A n s - W a t e r a b s o r p t i o n . Q37-What information could be obtained from
a temperature cycling test?A n s - S u b j e c t t o c o n s t a n t c y c l e t e m p e r a t u r e f r o m
hot to cold and hot again.Q38-What information could be obtained from
a cold check test?Ans-Constant expansion and contraction which can
result in a crack.Q 3 9 - N a m e f o u r d r y i n g a n d c u r i n g t e s t ?

Ans-Ballotini Test and BK Drying Time Recorder.Q40-What stage of the BK test would be recorded
as the drying time?Ans-When there are no any scratches visible on a paint surface.Q41-Name
three methodsof determining opacity?Ans-Black and white fused plate, Through Type and Hiding
Power Chart and micrometer adjustablefilm applicator.Q42-Whataffectsthe opacity ofa
paintfilm.Ans-Capability of paint to giving hiding power to the underlying surface.Q43-Why would
Pfund crypto meter be used.Ans-To checked opacity of paint.Q44-Give one reason why an
inspector is would use a PIG gauge?Ans-To determine the individual thickness of paint film.Q45-
Why are wet paint film thicknesses needed?Ans-To control thickness during application which give
a confidence that after paint dry thethicknessstill in the range of dry film thickness a per spec
requirement and control a paint consumption.Q46-Name two method of measuring WFTs.Ans-
Eccentrics Rims and Wet Combs.Q47-What is the reason for taking WFTimmediately after
application?Ans-To determine accurate thickness reading.Q48-Where could an inspector find
information to determine if a 2 pack paint was mixed in the correctproportions, using a density
cup?Ans-Comparing with paint manufacturer technical data sheet.Q49-Can a banana gauge be
used on non-ferromagnetic substrate?Ans-No,it can be used onferrous metal substrate only.Q50-
Could an eddy-current gauge be used on ferromagnetic substrate?Ans-No,It can be used onnon
ferrous metal substrate only.Q51-Can a horseshoe gauge be used on non-ferromagnetic substrate?
Ans-No, it can be used on ferrous metal substrate only.Q52-A part of which test would a bar
applicator be used?Ans-Hiding power chart in opacity test.Q53-Which instruments would be used
to measure reflectivity?Ans-Glossmeter.Q54-How does a glass meter work?

Ans-By a reflectance of light at specified angle.Q55-Which factors in paint govern the degree of
gloss?Ans-Degree of dispersion, particle size, resin type, solvent type and pigment volume
concentration.Q56-In a primer / mid coat what would be the expected degree of grind?Ans-
40µm.Q57-In gloss paint what would be a typical degree of grind?Ans-10-20µm.Q58-What percent
reading would be expected when measuring gloss on a glass panel?AnsAlmost 100%.Q59-Using a
gloss meter a reading of 25% would signify what?Ans-Degree of gloss for primer and mid coat
paint.Q60-If an aggregate size of 35µm was present in a paint of 30µm DFT what would be likely
result whenusing a gloss meter?Ans-Light would be deflected and the gloss percentage reading
would be lower.Q61-Name common tests for determining adhesion of paint film?Ans-V-Cut test,
Cross Hatch Cut and Dolly test.Q62-Which adhesiontests are quantitative?Ans-Dolly Test units
inMpa/psi/lb/Newton.Q63-Inter coat adhesion and primer to substrate adhesion are two
adhesion fault name the third?Ans-Cohesive failure within a paint film.Q64-What chemical
solution is used to conduct a Cathodic disbondment test?Ans-Sodium Chlorides.Q65-Which gas
involved at the cathode causes disbondment?Ans-Hydrogen and Chlorine gas.Q66-What criterion
is used when assessing a Cathodic Disbondment test panel?Ans-After V-Cut the paint mustnot
exposed the substrate. I.e. F.B.E 5mm only after 28 day.Q67-Name the two methods of applying
Cathodic protection?Ans-Sacrificial Anodes and Impress Current.Q68-What is used to determine
the potential of a pipeline?Ans-??????????Q69-Would itbe advisable to refill a pipe trench with
carbonaceous backfill?Ans-??????????Q70-Does a Cathodic protection system eliminate corrosion?
Ans-No, these systems only control the corrosion formation.

Q71-Can the external surface of a tank be protected?Ans-Yes, by primary defence (coating)Q73-

What voltage would be used on a 250 um thick paint using a sponge type pinhole detector?Ans-
Setting at 9volts.Q74-What voltage would be used on a 450 um thick coating wiyh a sponge type
pinhole detector?Ans-Setting at 67.5volts or 90volts.Q75-When using wet sponge, what other
liquid is added to the water?Ans-Detergent or washing liquids.Q76-In wet sponge holiday testing
what function does the additive perform?Ans-To allow immediate penetration of the water and
providing a very low resistance circuit back to thecontrol box.Q77-Would it be advisable to do wet
sponge detection on galvanizing?Ans-

No, On galvanized surface holiday detection can’t be performed.

Q78-why work upwards on a vertical surface with a wet sponge?Ans-To wet out the entire
surface.Q79-Does a sponge detector work on AC or DC current?Ans-Its work on DC current.Q80-
Other than the wet sponge, which other equipment could be used to determine the presence
of  pinholes/ holidays?Ans-The high voltage Holiday Detector.

Revision Question General(Friday)

Q01-Name two categories of paint mill.Ans-Q02-What is the main reason to processing paint in a
mill.Ans-Q03-Briefly describe how ball mill works?Ans-Q04-Briefly describe how attritor mill
works?Ans-Q05-When would steel balls not be used in ball mill?Ans-Q06-A bead mill is some times
called by which other name?Ans-Q07-How does a colloid mill work?Ans-Q08-Name eight items of
information listed on a material data sheet?Ans-Q09-

What do you understand from the term “Halogenated hydrocarbon”?

Ans-Q10-How can we determine the viscosity of high viscosity paint?Ans-Q11-Briefly describe the
principle of CP?Ans-Q12-What function does a primer have in paint system?Ans-Q13-In a mordant
primer what is the main working constituent?Ans-Q14-What advantages does electrostatic
application method provide?Ans-Q15-Which is the most expensive type of brush filling?Ans-Q16-
What is cohesive failure in paint, give the main cause?Ans-
 

Q17-Why does a zinc rich paint need a strong binder?Ans-Q18-Why are etch primers not spray
applied?Ans-Q19-What do you under stand by the term over spray?Ans-Q20-Name four method of
determining DFTs?Ans-Q21-What is a psychrometer used for?Ans-Q22-

What colour should a galvanized surface be after application of “T” wash?

Ans-Q23-

How soon can a “T” washed substrate should be coated?

Ans-Q24-Other than pigment, base and curing agent name two other constituent of FBE powder
paints?Ans-Q25-Give the main difference between airless and conventional spray?Ans-Q26-Brush
application has advantages over spray application, what are they?Ans-Q27-What is the main
consideration when selecting a metallic pigment for sacrificial paint?Ans-Q28-What is meant by
Shererdizing?Ans-Q29-Name three types of paint feed for conventional spray?Ans-Q30-What is the
Colorizing process?Ans-Q31-Why would a sealer be applied to aluminum metal spray?Ans-Q32-
What is the BS 2015 term for skipped or missed area?Ans-Q33-A colour has three properties, what
are they?Ans-Q34-Why would paint be applied by hot spray?

Ans-Q35-On an airless spray tip how blockage cleared?Ans-Q36-How atomization is achieved

using conventional spray?Ans-Q37-How atomization is achieved using airless spray?Ans-Q38-
What is dip coating?Ans-Q39-What do you under from the term Roppiness?Ans-Q40-What is
efflorescence and how does it occur?Ans-Q41-Name two of melting aluminum to enable it to
spray?Ans-Q42-What is flocculation?Ans-Q43-What could be the cause of bittines in a paint film?
Ans-Q44-What is a Tie coat?Ans-Q45-How many depressions of the bellows areneeded for the
drager test?Ans-Q46-What are the hazard signs are Toxic, Very Toxic, Harmful, and corrosive?Ans-
Q47-What is saponification?Ans-Q48-What unit is used for measuring toxicity?Ans-Q49-Which
material would have to used on a perpetually damp surface?Ans-Q50-What is pudding?Ans-Q51-
What air inlet pressure is needed to give 2500 psi delivery with 35:1 pump?Ans-

Q52-What cause lifting of a paint film?Ans-Q53-What is cissing and how is it caused?Ans-Q54-

What is mean by abbreviations: OES, OEL, MEL, UEL, LEL and RAQ?Ans-Q55-Why would a painting
inspector use potassium hexacyonoferrate?Ans-Q56-What would be an average thickness for
galvanizing?Ans-Q57-How can you tell the difference between blooming and chalking?Ans-Q58-
What could be the reason for inter coat adhesive failure?Ans-Q59-How could you determine
quality of added thinner in thixotropic paint?Ans-Q60-Why are manufacturers developing solvent
free, water born and powder?Ans-Q61-What would be the cause of grinning on a paint film?Ans-
Q62-

How can “Bleeding “ be avoided?

Ans-Q63-In less than 30 words, Explain the duties of painting inspector.

Q64-Name five documents, which a painting inspector might need on a contract?Q65-What

information should be given on daily report sheet?Q66-Curtains, sags, Runs and Tears are a result
of what.Ans-Q67-Some binders can be modified to use water as solvent, name four.Q68-

What is meant by term “Strip coat”?

Ans-Q69-How many cm

are there in 4.5 Liters?Ans-Q70-A paint data sheet provides a wealth of information, name eight.
 

Revision Question PA 10 Specific

Q01-what is the specified course of action for grit inclusion?Ans-Q02-

The term ‘Long term’ refer to what?

Ans-Q03-What is the difference between new and weathered galvanizing?Ans-Q04-what criterion

determines whichpaint system should be used?Ans-Q05-What is the total DFT of the compliant
epoxy system?Ans-Q06-What is the total DFT of the water born system?Ans-Q07-when can ladder
and other means of access be removed?Ans-Q08-Two materials are specified to use on damp
surface, what are they?Ans-Q09-After removal of a non-drying paint, which type of primer is
recommended?Ans-Q10-Some none ferroussubstrates are painted for aesthetics only, name
four.Ans-Q11-which three non-ferrous substrates are painted for anti corrosion purposes?Ans-
Q12-

According to PA 10 in which situations would ‘T’ wash be used?

Ans-Q13-How many coats of primer are specified on surface at 100

149

C.?Ans-Q14-Give preferential order of coating system for surfaces 150

340

C.Ans-

Q15-Is it mandatory for a contractor to produce a test area?Ans-Q16-List four items

needingmasking off prior to blasting and painting.Ans-Q17-Which Aluminium substrate would not
be sweep blasted?Ans-Q18-Which three paint systems are specified for use on Aluminium?Ans-
Q19-What differencesare there in new and maintenance painting specifications for substrates
bolw 100

°
C.?Ans-Q20-Toxic coatings need special considerations for removal from substrates, name two
methods whichcomply.Ans-Q21-In which situations is a permit to work required?Ans-Q22-Which
primers are specified for non-weathered galvanizing?Ans-Q23-Which primers are specified
forweathered galvanizing?Ans-Q24-According to PA 10, is flame cleaning allowed?Ans-Q25-
According to PA 10, is thinning of paint allowed?Ans-Q26-What temperature range is covered

by ‘hot duty service?

Ans-Q27-Does PA 10 cover internal coating on pipes?Ans-Q28-What is the specified overlap on

repair areas?Ans-

Q29-What would be the specified surface preparation and coating system for Aluminium cladding?
Ans-Q30-What would be the procedure for removal of algae and mould?Ans-Q31-What would be
the procedure for degreasing prior to surface preparation?Ans-Q32-What would be the procedure
for degreasing after to surface preparation?Ans-Q33-When blast cleaning on anAGI what
precautions are taken?Ans-Q34-Is it permissible to prepare paint by stirring?Ans-Q35-What would
be surface preparation method for new galvanizing?Ans-Q36-When would it be necessary to apply
a sealer to inorganic zinc silicate?Ans-Q37-How could areas of a paint breakdown be prepared for
repainting?Ans-Q38-What information should be on a paint can label forBG?Ans-Q39-When
measuring DFTs over galvanizing what allowance are made?Ans-Q40-What id the first firsts coat
applied to galvanized substrates and why?Ans

Q41-Properties and Performances of paint are covered in which BG specification?Ans-Q42-What

are the considerations when selecting a paint system?Ans-Q43-

According to PA 10 which two coats are applied ‘at works’?

Ans-Q44-Give the criterion for when and when not, painting can take place?Ans-Q45-

What would be substrate reaction when ‘T’ wash is applied to a newly galvanized substrate?

Ans-Q46-Which two materials are specified for use on damp surfaces?Ans-Q47-What is the
maximum times lapse from surface preparation to coating?Ans-Q48-Which is the most common
pigment used in high temperature service?Ans-Q49-What would be the result of over thick
application of zinc silicate?Ans-Q50-According to PA 10, is roller application permissible?Ans-