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Pec2215b1 - 2 - Elhamme - Shear Force and Bending Moment in Beam PDF
Pec2215b1 - 2 - Elhamme - Shear Force and Bending Moment in Beam PDF
TEKNOLOGI
MARA
STUDENT CRITERIA
No NAME
ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 TOTAL
1. 2019717297 MUHAMMAD ELHAMME BIN ABDUL KARIM
2. 2019715281 MUHAMAD ZAFRI BIN SAPAWI
3. 2019582589 NUR SAMIRAH IZZATI BT AHMAD RAZI
4. 2019701961 MUHAMMAD IKRAM BIN MOHD YUNOS
5. 2019704841 MUHAMAD NUR AIZUDDIN BIN AMRIN
Instruction to Students
1. Two (2) weeks duration is given for each lab report submission.
2. Report must be type using Microsoft Office.
3. Any plagiarism found or not properly cited, the group will be penalized and marks will be deducted.
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PULAU PINANG LABORATORY REPORT
1.0) INTRODUCTION
The beam is subjected to external forces. These are the loads applied to the beam
and reactions to the loads from the supports. The beam transfers the external reaction
set by a system of internal forces. The internal forces as a result of the structural action
of the beam are called bending moment and shear forces. These internal forces may
very along the length of the beam and are usually represented as separate bending
moment and shear force diagram.
2.0) OBJECTIVE
a) To show that the shear force at a cut section of a beam is equal to the algebraic
sum of the acting to the left or right of the section.
b) To show that the bending moment at a cut section of a beam is equal to the
algebraic sum of the moment acting to the left or right of the section.
3.0) APPARATUS
4.0) PROCEDURE
i) Experimental Results
Beam span = 950 mm
Distance of the cut section from the left = 600 mm
support
Distance of point load, a = 300 mm
Where;
P = Point load; Va = Support reaction at A; Vb = Support reaction at B
Va Vb
1. For load 2 N
RHS (0 < x <650)
0.73
Vb
+↑ Ʃ𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 0
Vb - 0.73 = 0
Vb = 0.73 N
Va = 2 – Vb
= 2 – 0.73
= 1.27 N
2. For load 4 N
RHS (0 < x <650)
1.20
Vb
+↑ Ʃ𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 0
Vb – 1.20 = 0
Vb = 0.73 N
Va = 4 – Vb
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PULAU PINANG LABORATORY REPORT
= 4 – 1.20
= 2.80 N
3. For load 6 N
RHS (0 < x <650)
1.95
Vb
+↑ Ʃ𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 0
Vb – 1.95 = 0
Vb = 1.95 N
Va = 4 – Vb
= 6 – 1.95
= 4.05 N
4. For load 8 N
RHS (0 < x <650)
2.71
Vb
+↑ Ʃ𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 0
Vb – 2.71 = 0
Vb = 2.71 N
Va = 4 – Vb
= 8 – 2.71
= 5.29 N
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PULAU PINANG LABORATORY REPORT
5. For load 10 N
RHS (0 < x <650)
3.30
Vb
+↑ Ʃ𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 0
Vb – 3.30 = 0
Vb = 3.30 N
Va = 4 – Vb
= 10 – 3.30
= 6.70 N
1. For load 2N
2(300)
𝑉𝑉 = = 0.63 N
950
2. For load 4N
4(300)
𝑉𝑉 = = 1.26 N
950
3. For load 6 N
6(300)
𝑉𝑉 = = 1.90 N
950
4. For load 8 N
8(300)
𝑉𝑉 = = 2.53 N
950
5. For load 10 N
10(300)
𝑉𝑉 = = 3.16 N
950
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PULAU PINANG LABORATORY REPORT
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
-0.5
SHEAR FORCE(N)
-1
EXPERIMENTAL
-1.5 THEORITICAL
Linear (EXPERIMENTAL)
-2 y = -0.3163x + 0.0014
Linear (THEORITICAL)
-2.5
-3
y = -0.3313x + 0.0081
-3.5
FORCE APPLIED(N)
Graph 1
0.3163−0.3313
0.3163
𝑥𝑥 100 = 4.74 %
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PULAU PINANG LABORATORY REPORT
i) Experimental Results
Where;
P = Point load; Va = Support reaction at A; Vb = Support reaction at B
Experimental Bending
Load Va Vb
Moment at cut section
(N) (N) (N)
(Nmm)
2 1 1 0.25
4 2 2 0.50
6 3 3 0.65
8 4 4 0.95
10 5 5 1.25
x P
Va
Sample Calculation:
For 2 N load:
x = 300 mm
M = 0.25 Nmm
Length from left support to cut section = 650 mm
+↷Ʃ𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = 0
0.25 − 2(300) + 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 (650) = 0
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 𝑵𝑵
+↑ Ʃ𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 0
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 + 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 𝑃𝑃
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 2 − 1
= 1.0 N
2. For load 4 N
4(300)(950−300)
𝑀𝑀 = 𝑥𝑥10−3= 0.82 Nmm
950
3. For load 6N
6(300)(950−300)
𝑀𝑀 = 𝑥𝑥10−3= 1.23 Nmm
950
4. For load 8 N
8(300)(950−300)
𝑀𝑀 = 𝑥𝑥10−3= 1.64 Nmm
950
5. For load 10 N
10(300)(950−300)
𝑀𝑀 = 𝑥𝑥10−3= 2.05 Nmm
950
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PULAU PINANG LABORATORY REPORT
y = 0.205x - 5E-16
2 R² = 1
BENDING MOMENT
1.5
y = 0.1214x - 0.0071 EXPERIMENTAL
R² = 0.9924
1 THEORITICAL
Linear (EXPERIMENTAL)
0.5 Linear (THEORITICAL)
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
-0.5
LOAD
Graph 2
6.0) DISCUSSION
The objectives as known is to show that the shear force at a cut section of a beam
is equal to the algebraic sum of the acting to the left or right of the section. The
experiment has been done accordingly with the correct procedure. The load has been
chosen as interval is 2 N each interval increment. The interval only limited to 10 N. The
total length from left hand sight of beam to load placement, a has decided as 300mm.
The experiment has shown the result as expected. The result has been tabulated
neatly after manually calculate the experimental result using ∑ 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 0 and theoretical
result using stated formula at introduction section and a graph of shear load vs load
has been plotted. The graph state the relationship between shear load and load. The
difference of experimental and theoretical can been calculate through the gradient
different using formula:
𝑇𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
𝑇𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
x100
of both plotted graphs and the result shows there is 4.74% error detected. The error
is acceptable due to less than 5 % condition to consider this experiment meet the
objective. The relationship between shear load and applied load is the higher the
applied load the higher the shear load on cutting section. The graph should be linear.
For Bending moment experiment the objectives is to show that the bending moment
at a cut section of a beam is equal to the algebraic sum of the moment acting to the
left or right of the section. Same procedure with shear force lab test with usage of
difference testing collector. The manual calculation has been calculated differently
with shear experiment with using ∑ 𝑀𝑀𝑥𝑥 = 0 at point “a” value that still the same as
shear force experiment, while the theoretical value calculated using the formula
stated at introduction. The graph plotted with bending moment vs load as x and y. The
gradient taken for both experimental and theoretical to see the difference or error of
the experiment. The result shows different expectation with shear force experiment
that has less than 5 % error, while bending moment gives 40.78 % error and can be
assume for certain factor like machine sensitivity and etc. The relationship between
the moment and load applied is linear that is the more the load applied the higher the
bending moment value.
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PULAU PINANG LABORATORY REPORT
7.0) CONCLUSION