k|flS6sn PSzg cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf xf] .

of] ;+:yf æ;fgf] g} /fd|f] x'G5Æ

-Small is Beautiful_ eGg] ljZj k|l;4 k':tssf n]vs :j=8f= O{=Pkm= ;'ds ] /åf/f
;g\ !(^^ df a]nfotdf :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . k|flS6sn PSzg ljleGg k|sf/sf
;:tf], ;'ne / 7fpF ;'xfp“bf] k|ljlwx¿sf] ljsf; tyf x:tfGt/0f u/L ljsf;f]Gd'v
d'n'ssf u/La hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ ;'wfg{ sl6a4 5 . o;n]] k/Dk/fut k|ljlwsf]
ljsf;df hf]8 lbG5 . o;n] sd cfo ePsf u|fdL0f hg;d'bfosf] cfly{s l:yltdf
;'wf/ NofO{ hLljsf]kf{hgdf d2t k'¥ofp“5 . ;+oQ
' m clw/fHo j]nfotdf k|wfg
sfof{no /x]sf] of] ;+:yf g]kfn jfx]s cGo ^ ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«x¿df sfo{/t 5 .

k|flS6sn PSzgn] g]kfndf ;g\ !(&( b]lv cfkm\gf] sfo{ k|f/De u/]sf] xf] . z'?sf
sl/a b'O bzs ;Dd n3' hnljB't\ k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df sfd u/]sf] o;
;+:yfn] ;g\ !((* b]lv eg] cfkm\gf] sfo{If]q lj:tf/ u/L ljleGg gljs/0fLo phf{
k|ljlwsf ;fy} s[lif k|zf]wg, oftfoft k|ljlw tyf b}jL k|sf]k lgoGq0fsf If]qdf
sfd z'? u¥of] . xfn k|flS6sn PSzgn] g]kfndf hnjfo' kl/jt{g, vfB ;'/Iff,
b}jL k|sf]k Joj:yfkg, ;fgf pBdLx¿sf] jhf/df kx'r “ , jfo' phf{sf] ljsf;,
j}slNks oftfoft, 3/ leqsf] w'jfF lgoGq0f / zx/L If]qsf] Plss[t ljsf;sf
nflu sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul//x]sf] 5 .

k|flS6sn PSzg g]kfn

k08f]n dfu{, nflhDkf6,
kf]=a=g+= !%!#%, sf7df08f}, g]kfn .
kmf]gM $$$^)!%÷ $$#$$*@
k\mofS;M $$$%((%

afO;fOsn 6]n
« /
Od]nM info@practicalaction.org.np
j]aM www.practicalaction.org

hfgsf/L k'l:tsf
afO;fOsn 6]n« /
hfgsf/L k'l:tsf
k|sfzsM k|flS6sn PSzg g]kfn
k|yd ;+:s/0fM kmfNu'g @)^#

;jf{lwsf/ ;'/lIftMM k|flS6sn PSzg g]kfn, @)^#

kfOg] :yfg M
k|flS6sn PSzg g]kfn
k08f]n dfu{, nflhDkf6
kf]=a=g+= !%!#%
sf7df08f} .

o; k'l:tsfdf k|:t't ljrf/x¿ n]vssf lghL x'g\ .

k|fSsyg
g]kfnsf] If]qut PsLs/0f Pj+ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df oftfoft If]qsf] eÒldsf
dxTjkÒ0f{ /lxcfPsf] 5 . xfn;Dd ^) lhNnfsf ;b/d¬sfdx¿df dfq ;8s ;¬ljwf
pknAw eP tfklg dx·f] x'g,] GoÒg 6«flkms 3gTj tyf PsLs[t ljsf; of]hgfsf]
cefjsf sf/0f nufgLsf] bf“hf]df ;8s If]qsf] cfly{s k|ltkmn sd b]lvPsf] 5 .
ef}uf]lns cj:yf / cfly{s l:yltnfO{ x]bf{ b]zsf] ;du| ljsf;df 6]jf k´ofpg oftfoft
If]qsf] ljsf; Pj+ lj:tf/ x¬g¬ h?/L b]lvG5 . b]zsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yf / cfly{s
l:yltnfO{ dWogh/df /fv]/ pko¬St k|ljlwsf] ljsf; Pj+ lj:tf/ u/L clwstd
JolStx¿nfO{ kmfObf k¬¥ofpg kxn ug'{ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . oxL cfjZostf k"lt{
ug{ k|flS6sn PSzg g]kfnn] oftfoftsf j}slNks sfo{x¿ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .
afO;fOsn 6]n « / klg oftfoftsf] Pp6f j}slNks k|ljlw xf] . t/fO{sf clwsf+z u|fdL0f
If]qx¿df ljz]ifu/L ;fdfg 9'jfgL ug{ afO;fOsn 6]n « /sf] k|of]u x'b“ } cfPsf] 5 .

:yfgLo :t/df afO;fOsn 6]n « / lgdf{0fsf] sfdnfO{ l56f], 5l/tf] tyf lbuf] agfpg
o;sf] 9f“rf tyf nfut cg'dfgsf] sfo{sf nflu k|fljlws Pj+ Joj;foL÷lgdf{0fstf{nfO{
;Ifd agfpg' h?/L 5 . 6]n « /sf] pkof]lutfsf af/]df :yfgLo pkef]StfnfO{ hfgsf/L
lbg'' klg TolQs} h?/L 5 . o;y{ 6]n « /;DaGwL hfgsf/L gkfPsf lgdf{0fstf{÷k|of]ustf{
Pj+ OR5'sx¿sf nflu ;xof]u k'uf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] of] lgb]l{ zsf tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] .
o; k'l:tsfn] ;fOsn 6«n ] / lgdf{0fsf nflu sxf“ ;Dks{ ug],{ k|f/lDes lgdf{0f nfut
slt nfU5, ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf / ;Lkn] Eofp“5÷Eofp“bg} h:tf ;fGble{s rf;f]x¿nfO{
k|i6\ofpg] k|of; u/]sf] 5 .

k|flS6sn PSzg g]kfnn] g]kfn clw/fHosf ljleGg :yfgx¿df afO;fOsn 6]n « /x¿sf]
ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ctM afO;fOsn 6]n « /
k|ljlwsf] lgdf{0f ug{, k|of]udf Nofpg / nlIftju{df lj:tf/ ug{ o; lgb]l{ zsfsf]
k|of]uaf6 d2t ldn]df k|flS6sn PSzg g]kfnn] cfÇgf] ;kmntfsf] dx;'; ug]{5 .

cGTodf o; uxg sfo{df ;+nUg nId0f s]=;L=, h'g xf8f, pk]Gb| >]i7, ;'hgf pkfWofo
/ /]0f'sf kf08] k|lt cfef/ k|s6 ub}{ efiff ;Dkfbg ug{x' g' ] >L rGb|dl0f e08f/L,
u|flkmS; lrq agfpg'xg' ] afn s[i0f ;'jfn / lk|mx\of08 lrqf°g ug'{ x'g] /fh' >]i7nfO{
klg wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . wGojfb .

cRo't n'O6]n
/fli6«o lgb]{zs
ljifo;'rL
!= kl/ro !
@= afO;fOsn 6]n « /sf kmfObfx¿ !
#= afO;fOsn 6]«n/sf nflu cfjZos pks/0fx¿ @
#=! SNofDk k|0ffnL (Clamp system) @
#=@ a|l] s· k|0ffnL (Braking system) #
#=# an hf]OG6 (Ball joint) $
$= afO;fOsn 6]«n/sf] Joj:yfkg k|lqmof %
$=! dd{t;Def/ %
$=@ b}lgs ;~rfng tyf dd{t;Def/ %
$=# lgoldt ;Def/ (Regular maintenance) ^
$=$ ;Defljt ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg ^
%= k|f/lDes nfut ^
^= afO;fOsn 6]«n/df kf6{k¬hf{ km]g¬{kg]{ cj:yf &
&= afO;fOsn 6]n « / lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg ;ª\3;+:yfx¿ &
!= kl/ro
;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿sf] kx'r
“ gePsf / cfly{s l:yltn] lghL 9'jfgL
;fwgsf] ;d]t ;Defjgf gePsf t/fO{sf las6 If]qx¿df ;fdfgx¿sf] 9'jfgL ug{
afO;fOsn 6]«n/ pko'Qm j}slNks dfWodsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

lg/Gt/ eO/xg] x8tfn Pj+ aGbdf ;d]t rnfpg ;lsg], pkef]Stfn] JolQmut pkof]u
tyf ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg] x'b“ f of] k|ljlw ljz]ifu/L t/fO{sf ljs6 If]qx¿df k|efjsf/L
dflgPsf] 5 .

Psk6sdf !)) lsnf]u|fd;Dd ;lhn} 9'jfgL ug{ ;lsg] o; 6]«n/nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/

cfsf/df 7"nf]÷;fgf] agfpg ;lsG5 . ;fy} 3'DtL tyf n'kx¿df ;lhn} 3'dfpgsf
nflu SNofDk k|0ffnL k|of]u u/L ;fOsn / 6]n
« / hf]l8G5 .

afO;fOsn 6]n « / lgdf{0fsf nflu lgDg ;fdu|Lx¿sf] cfjZostf kb{5M

kfªu|f
a|l] s· k|0ffnL (Braking system)
PSz]n (Axle)
SNofDk k|0ffnL (Clamp system)
g6af]N6 tyf cGo ;fdu|Lx¿ (Nut bolt & other accessories)

afO;fOsn 6]n « /sf pks/0f Pj+ ;fdu|Lx¿ t/fO{sf :yfgLo ahf/df ;lhn} pknAw
x'g ;Sg] x'gfn] t/fO{ If]qsf] leqL af6f], ljs6 ;d'bfodf o;sf] k|of]u a9L pkof]u
dflgPsf] 5 .

@= afO;fOsn 6]n« /sf kmfObfx¿

lgDg kmfObfx¿sf sf/0f afO;fOsn 6]n« /sf] cfjZostf dx;'; ul/Psf] xf] M
;fdfg 9'jfgL ug{sf nflu pko'St j}slNks pkfo .
lghL:t/af6 nufgL ug{, Joj:yfkg ug{ / k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsg] .
aGb, x8tfnsf ;dodf ;d]t lagf /f]stf]s k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] .
;lhnf] tyf sd vlr{nf] k|ljlw ePsf] x'b“ f lgDg:t/sf JolQmx¿sf nflu ;d]t
;lhn};“u pknAw x'g ;Sg] .

1
 OGwgsf] k|of]u gx'g] x'b“ f jftfj/0f k|bi' f0f gx'g] .
:yfgLo ahf/df lgdf{0f ;fdu|L pknAw x'g] .
:yfgLo lgdf{0fstf{x¿åf/f ;lhn} lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsg] .
;lhn};“u k|ljlwsf] x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;lsg] x'“bf lj:tf/ ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] .
dlxnf tyf a'9fa'9Lx¿n] klg rnfpg ;Sg] x'b“ f dfgj;|ft] sf] clwstd kl/rfng
x'g] .
6«n
] /nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/sf] cfsf/df agfpg ;lsg] .

#=)= afO;fOsn 6]n« /sf nflu cfjZos kf6{kh

¬ f{x¿

#=! SNofDk k|0ffnL (Clamp system)

afO;fOsn 6]n « /sf] cufl8sf] ;fOsnnfO{ SofNDk k|0ffnLåf/f hf]l8G5 . ;fOsnsf]
Sofl/o/;“u b'Ocf]6f Pd=P;= ÇNofK6 -kmnfdsf kftf_ sf] aLrdf /fvL !) ld=ld=sf]
g6af]N6n] sl;G5 . ;fOsnsf] x\of08n 3'dfp“bf 6]«n/df /x]sf] ;fdfgsf] cj:yfnfO{
kl/jt{g gu/fpg SNofDk k|0ffnLdf an
hf]OG6 k|of]u ul/g] x'“bf 6]«n/nfO{ ;lhn}
3'dfpg ;lsG5 . an hf]OG6sf] $) ld=ld=
Aof;sf] l;ln08/sf] Base, Pd=P;= (Flat_
kftf;“u j]lN8ª\ ul/G5 .

SofNDk k|0ffnLdf lgDg ;fdu|Lx¿sf]

cfjZostf kb{5 –
!) x ^) ld=ld=sf] g6 tyf
af]N6 – @ cf]6f
@!% x $) x $) x % ld=ld=sf]
Pd=P;= ÇNof6 kftf – ! cf]6f
!() x $) x % ld=ld=sf] Pd=P;=
ÇNof6 kftf – ! cf]6f
!!& ld=ld= prfOsf] an hf]OG6 k|0ffnL
!@ ld=ld=sf] g6af]N6 – ! cf]6f

2
#=@ a|l] s· k|0ffnL (Braking system)
afO;fOsn 6]n « /sf] ult ;Gt'ng ug{ tyf cfktsfnLg cj:yfdf k"0f{ ¿kdf ult
lgoGq0f ug{ ult/f]ws (Brake) sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . o;df $% ld=ld= Aof;sf]
l;lnlG8«sn kfOk k|of]u ul/Psf] x'G5 . o; kfOksf] kl5lNt/sf] efudf
@% ld= ld=sf] g6af]N6 k|of]u u/L l:k|·nfO{ kfOksf] aLrdf kfl/G5 .
# x @@ x %) ld=ld=sf] l:k|ªs \ f] aLrdf $ ld=ld= afSnf] -kmnfd] kftf_ Pd=P;=
Kn]6nfO{ l:k|ª\ ufO8sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/G5, h;n] l:k|ªs\ f] sfo{ Ifdtf Xf; x'gaf6
arfp“5 . rfnsn] a|s ] nufP kl5 l:k|· ufO8 ;fkm\6 l;ln08/ leq k:g uO{ a|s ] tf/
tlGsG5, h;sf] sf/0f a|s ] lne/ v'lDrG5 . a|s] lne/sf] v'DrfOn] kfª\uf| sf] l/·df
a|]s ;'n] ;dfO{ ult lgoGq0f ub{5 .

a|l] s· k|0ffnLdf lgDg ;fdu|Lx¿sf] cfjZostf kb{5 –

* x ^) ld=ld=sf] g6af]N6
# x @@ x %) ld=ld=sf] l:k|·
!$% ld=ld= nDafO{, $% ld=ld=sf] afx\o Jof; ePsf] l;ln08/
#@ ld=ld= Jof;, $ ld=ld= u|d' ePsf] Pd=P;= Kn]6
!#) ld=ld= nDafOsf] a|s
] P8\h:6/
SNofDk Kn]6
a|]s ;'
a|]s tf/

3
#=# an hf]OG6 (Ball joint)
afO;fOsn 6«n ] /sf] Sofl/o/ hf]l8Psf] SNofDknfO{ Kn]6df
j]lN8· ul/G5 . o;sf] $) ld=ld= Aof;sf] l;ln08/sf]
tNnf] efu SoflDk· Kn]6sf] dflyNnf] efudf j]lN8·
ul/Psf] x'G5 . #% ld=ld= Aof;sf] an l;ln08/ leq
/flvPsf] x'G5 . l;ln08/ leq an ;lhn} 3'Dg ;Sg] x'b“ f
;fOsnsf] ;fwf/0f lb;f kl/jt{g;“u 6]n « /sf] lbzf
kl/jt{g gu/L ;'/lIft lsl;dn] ;fdfg 9'jfgL ug{
;xof]u ub{5 . csf]{ cy{df, o;n] ;fOsn / 6]«n/sf]
aLrdf nrsbf/ hf]8fOsf] sfd ub{5 .

#=$ kfª\uf| (Wheel)

afO;fOsn 6]n« /df Sofl/o/ / ;fOsndf u/L hDdf tLgcf]6f kfª\uf| sf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
;fwf/0ftof kfª\uf| sf] ;fOh @& OGr Aof;sf] x'G5 .

kfª\uf| sf nflu lgDg ;fdu|Lx¿sf] cfjZostf kb{5 M

PS;n
xa
:kf]s
6fo/
!$ ld=ld=sf] g6af]N6
!$ ld=ld=sf] jf;/

4
$= afO;fOsn 6]n« /sf] Joj:yfkg k|lqmof
afO;fOsn 6]n « /nfO{ lghL k|of]udf klg Nofpg ;lsG5 . ;fd"lxs ¿kdf ;~rfng
ubf{ ul/a ;d'bfosf nflu a9L pkof]uL x'G5 . 6«]n/sf] Joj:yfkgdf ;DalGwt
k|of]ustf{ g} a9L lhDd]jf/ x'gk' b{5 . o;af6 kof{Kt kmfObf / lbuf] ;~rfng Pj+
Joj:yfkg ug{ lgDg s'/fx¿df Wofg k'¥ofpg' kb{5 M
;fd"lxs ¿kdf ;~rflnt afO;fOsn 6]n « /sf] ;~rfng / Joj:yfkgsf]
lg/Gt/tfsf nflu o;sf] pkof]u ug]{ x/]s 3/w'/Laf6 ;xeflutf h'6\g] k|lta4tf
hfx]/ x'gk' b{5 .
pkof]u ug]{ ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]u/L pkef]Stf ;ldltsf] u7g ug{'kb{5 .
cfjZostfg';f/ pkef]Stf ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ hDdf eO{ cfOk/]sf ;d:ofx¿sf]
;dfwfg ug'k{ b{5 / Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ljifox¿df 5nkmn u/L 7f]; lgisif{df
k'Ug'kb{5 .
kl/of]hgfsf] ;'?d} Joj:yfkg sf]ifsf] :yfkgf u/L 6]«n/sf] pkof]u ug]{
pkef]Stfaf6 /sd p7fO dd{t;Def/ / ;~rfng vr{sf] Joj:yf ug{k' b{5 .
pkef]Stf ;ldltdfkm{t\ cfkm\gf] k|of]hgdf gePsf] cj:yfdf 6]n« /nfO{ ef8fdf nufO{
cfocfh{g ug{ ;lsG5 .
pkef]Stf ;ldltsf ;a} ;b:ox¿ cfjZos Joj:yfkgsf] sfddf hfu?s eO{
sfo{x¿ ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .

$=! dd{t;Def/
an hf]OG6df 3if{0f sd ug{ ;do–;dodf t]n nufpg'kb{5 .
rSsfdf wfuf], sk8f, /f}F h:tf kmf]xf]/ a]l/g] ;Defjgf ePsf] x'b“ f lgoldt ¿kdf
rSsf ;kmf ug'{kb{5 .
sd;]sd xKtfdf Psk6s g6af]N6sf] hf“r ug{k' b{5 .
cfsf;] kfgL tyf rsf]{ 3fdaf6 hf]ufpg 6]n « /nfO{ 5fof“df /fVg'kb{5 .
xKtfdf Psk6s -;Dej eP b}lgs_ rSsfsf] Axle, Hub df t]n nufpg'kb{5 .
;~rfng ubf{ c;fwf/0f cfjfh ;'lgPdf t'?Gt hf“r ug'k{ b{5 .
a|l] s· k|0ffnLdf af/Daf/ t]n jf u|Lh nufpg' kb{5 .

5
$=@ b}lgs ;~rfng tyf dd{t;Def/
afO;fOsn 6]«n/sf] ;~rfng ubf{ lgDg k|lqmofx¿ ckgfpg'kb{5 M
k|To]s lbg rnfpg'eGbf klxn] SNofDk k|0ffnL / a|l] s· k|0ffnLdf cfjZostfg';f/
u|Lh, hn]sf] df]lan jf t]nsf] k|of]u u/]/ pks/0fx¿ lrKnf] kf/L 3if{0f sd
u/fpg'kb{5 .
afO;fOsn 6]n « /df a9Ldf !)) lsnf]uf| d;Dd dfq 9'jfgL ug{k' b{5 .
k|To]s lbg k|of]u kl5 o;nfO{ ;'/lIft 7fp“df /fVg'kb{5 . ;Defljt cfsf;] jiff{ jf
rsf]{ 3fdaf6 arfpg 6]n « / /fVg] :yfgdf 5fgf]sf] k|aGw ug'k{ b{5 .
afO;fOsn 6]n « / rnfpg' cl3 b}lgs ¿kdf o;sf ;a} ;fdu|Lx¿sf] hf“r
ug'{kb{5 .
s'g} pks/0fdf u8a8L b]lvPdf cfjZostfg';f/ dd{t ug]{ jf km]g{] ug'k{ b{5 .
;~rfng ubf{ c;fwf/0f cfjfh ;'lgPdf t'?Gt} hf“r ug'k{ b{5 .

$=# lgoldt ;Def/

SNofDk k|0ffnLdf xKtfdf Psk6s u|Lh OGh]S;g ug k|of]u u/L n'la|sG] 6 jf u|Lh
nufpg'kb{5 .

$=$ ;Defljt ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg

6]«n/sf] s'g} pks/0f /fd|f];“u rn]g eg] lgDg pkfox¿ ckgfpg'kb{5 M
6]«n/sf ;a} pks/0fx¿sf] cj:yf hf“r ug'{kb{5 . g6af]N6 v's'nf] ePdf s:g'kb{5
/ x/fPdf km]g{'kb{5 .
6]n« /sf pks/0fx¿ hfd ePsf] jf lvof nfu]sf] eP u|Lh jf cGo n'la|sG] 6sf]
k|of]u u/L dd{t ug{'kb{5 .
:yfgLo :t/df ;d:of ;dfwfg u/L 6]«n/ k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsPg eg] glhs}sf]
lgdf{0fstf{;“u ;Dks{ u/L dd{t ug'{kb{5 .

%= k|f/lDes nfut
afO;fOsn 6]n « /sf] lgdf{0f nfut nueu ?=%))) b]lv ?=^))) ;Dd kb{5 . o;df
k|of]u ul/g] ;fdu|Lsf] u'0f:t/, lgdf{0fstf{nfO{ lbg'kg]{ Hofnf /sd / lgdf{0f:ynb]lv
k|of]u:yn;Ddsf] 9'jfgL vr{sf cfwf/df 6«n ] /sf] jf:tljs nfut e/ kb{5 .

6
^= afO;fOsn 6]n« /df kf6{kh
¬ f{ km]gk{' g]{ cj:yf
lgDg cj:yfdf 6]«n/sf pks/0fx¿ km]g'{kb{5 –
;~rfng ubf{ c;fwf/0f cfjfh ;'lgPdf / dd{t kl5 klg ;'wf/ gePdf
a|s ] tf/ r'l“ 8Pdf
af]N6sf] u'gf lalu|Pdf jf g6 km'6d] f
a|l] s· k|0ffnLsf] l:k|· 6'6d] f

&= afO;fOsn 6]n« / lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg ;ª\3;+:yfx¿ M

oftfoftsf ljleGg ;fwgx¿sf af/]df w]/n } fO{ hfgsf/L eP tfklg j}slNks
oftfoftsf ;fwgsf ;DaGwdf ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L gx'g ;S5 . afO;fOsn 6]n « / Pp6f
j}slNks oftfoftsf] ;fwg ePsf]n] o;sf] k|j4{g sfo{sf nflu k|flS6sn PSzg
g]kfn, nflhDkf6df ;Dks{ /fvL lgdf{0f ug]{ ;+:yfx¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L lng ;lsG5 .
;fy} k|flS6sn PSzg g]kfnåf/f k|j4{g ul/Psf ljleGg :yfgLo lgdf{0fstf{x¿af6
klg o; k|0ffnLsf] af/]df hfgsf/L kfpg ;lsG5 . o:tf s]xL k|dv' ;ª\3;+:yfx¿sf]
gfd, 7]ufgf / ;Dks{ kmf]g o;k|sf/ 5g\ –

!= k|flS6sn PSzg g]kfn

k08f]n dfu{ &%), nflhDkf6
kf]=a=g+= !%!#%, sf7df08f}, g]kfn
kmf]gM $$$^)!%, $$#$$*@
km\ofS;M $$$%((%
Od]nM info@practicalaction.org.np
j]eM www.practicalaction.org

@= >L ljho axfb'/ >]i7

ljho OlGhlgol/ª jS;{
c~rnk'/, jf8{ g+= (
e}/xjf, g]kfn
kmf]gM )&!–%@)^!#
km\ofS;M )&!–%@)^!#

7
#= >L /fh]Gb| >]i7
ATDGMI
afnfh' !^, sf7df08f}
kmf]gM $#%^!(!
df]afOnM (*%!)$$)&@
Od]nM rshrestha@mail.com.np

$= >L b'/bd yfkf

clDasf km]la|sl] 6· P08 OG8li6«h
eStk'/, g]kfn
kmf]gM ^^!)#%#
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8
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;g\ !(^^ df a]nfotdf :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . k|flS6sn PSzg ljleGg k|sf/sf
;:tf], ;'ne / 7fpF ;'xfp“bf] k|ljlwx¿sf] ljsf; tyf x:tfGt/0f u/L ljsf;f]Gd'v
d'n'ssf u/La hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ ;'wfg{ sl6a4 5 . o;n]] k/Dk/fut k|ljlwsf]
ljsf;df hf]8 lbG5 . o;n] sd cfo ePsf u|fdL0f hg;d'bfosf] cfly{s l:yltdf
;'wf/ NofO{ hLljsf]kf{hgdf d2t k'¥ofp“5 . ;+oQ
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sfof{no /x]sf] of] ;+:yf g]kfn jfx]s cGo ^ ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«x¿df sfo{/t 5 .

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sl/a b'O bzs ;Dd n3' hnljB't\ k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df sfd u/]sf] o;
;+:yfn] ;g\ !((* b]lv eg] cfkm\gf] sfo{If]q lj:tf/ u/L ljleGg gljs/0fLo phf{
k|ljlwsf ;fy} s[lif k|zf]wg, oftfoft k|ljlw tyf b}jL k|sf]k lgoGq0fsf If]qdf
sfd z'? u¥of] . xfn k|flS6sn PSzgn] g]kfndf hnjfo' kl/jt{g, vfB ;'/Iff,
b}jL k|sf]k Joj:yfkg, ;fgf pBdLx¿sf] jhf/df kx'r “ , jfo' phf{sf] ljsf;,
j}slNks oftfoft, 3/ leqsf] w'jfF lgoGq0f / zx/L If]qsf] Plss[t ljsf;sf
nflu sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul//x]sf] 5 .

k|flS6sn PSzg g]kfn

k08f]n dfu{, nflhDkf6,
kf]=a=g+= !%!#%, sf7df08f}, g]kfn .
kmf]gM $$$^)!%÷ $$#$$*@
k\mofS;M $$$%((%

afO;fOsn 6]n
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Od]nM info@practicalaction.org.np
j]aM www.practicalaction.org

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