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Microsoft PowerPoint - 2. Design Inert Gas System - H
Microsoft PowerPoint - 2. Design Inert Gas System - H
Inert Gas
System
References
NFPA 2001, 2012 edition
Clean Agent Manual Book
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What We Learn?
Introduction Clean Agent System
Inert-Gas System Components
Estimate Flow Calculation
Determine Pipe Sizing and Nozzle
Introduction Inert-gas
Agent System
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Carbon Dioxide
Clean Agent
Halocarbon Agent
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Clean Agent
Electrically non-conducting,
volatile, or gaseous fire
extinguishing that does not leave
a residue upon evaporation
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Where To Use?
Minimum
N2 - 52% ± 4% 50% ± 5%
99.9%
Composition,
% by volume Minimum
Ar - 40% ± 4% 50% ± 5%
99.9%
8% + 1%
CO2 - - -
− 0.0%
Water
Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum
content,
0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.005%
% by weight
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Minimax
1 IG-01 Argon Ar
“Argotec”
Nitrogen (52%) N2
IG-541
Tyco International & Fire Eater
3 Argon (40%) Ar
“Inergen”
Nitrogen (50%) N2
IG-55 Ginge-Kerr
4
“Argonite”
Argon (50%) Ar
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Distribution
Detection
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Operating Devices
Automatic Operation
Normal Manual Operation
Emergency Manual Operation
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Cylinder
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ft3 m3 ft3 m3 lb kg
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Stainless Steel
Actuation Hose
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Electric Actuator
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Manifold
They enable multiple containers to
be connected to a common pipe
network.
They may also be used in systems
where main / reserve containers
arrangements are required.
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Pressure
Reducer
Pressure Reducer
The pressure reducer assembly is required
to restrict the flow of inert-gas agent thus
reducing the agent pressure down stream
of the pressure reducer.
The pressure reducer assembly contains a
stainless steel orifice plate which is drilled
to the specific size hole required based on
the flow calculation.
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Pressure Reducer
The orifice plate provides readily visible
orifice identification.
The pressure reducer assembly is
available in threaded, slip-on, and weld
neck flange.
All orifice plates must be installed in the
piping system with the orifice
identification information on the tab facing
the pressure inlet side of the system.
Orifice Plate
Orifice Plate is used to
reducing pressure. Orifice
plate is thin plate with hole in
it. When a gaseous passes
through the orifice, its
pressure builds up slightly
upstream of the orifice, but
as the gaseous is forced to
converge to pass through the
hole, the velocity increases
and the pressure decreases.
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Selector Valve
Selector valves are used to direct the flow
of inert-gas into a single hazard of a
multiple hazard system.
Selector Valve
Principal
S
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Pressure Operated
Stackable Actuator
Pressure operated
stackable actuator is
used to monitor
pressurized gas that
hold in selector valve
Check Valves
Check Valve is a valve that permits flow in
one direction only.
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Header Safety
Header Safety
The header safety is a device used to
relieve high pressure build-up in a closed
section of piping. If actuation pressure
should get inadvertently trapped and
should an increase in temperature cause
the pressure to rise to a dangerous level,
the burst disc in the header safety will
rupture, allowing the pressure to escape.
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Nozzle 360o
Nozzle
Discharge nozzles are designed
to direct the discharge of the
agent using the stored pressure
from the cylinders.
The system design specifies the
orifice size to be used for proper
flow rate and distribution
pattern. 180o
Nozzle
The nozzle selection depends on
the hazard and location to be
protected.
The 180° nozzle is commonly
used when nozzle placement is
at the wall.
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Pressure Switch
The pressure switch is operated by the
inert-gas agent pressure when the system
is discharged.
The pressure switch can be used to open
or close electrical circuits to either shut
down equipment or turn on lights or
alarms.
A 1/4 in. NPT pressure inlet is used to
connect the 1/4 in. pipe from the the
inert-gas system.
Pressure Switch
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Bracketing
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Operation
The system shall be designed for
automatic operation except where the
authority having jurisdiction permits
manual operation.
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OK
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Hazard Classification
A fire in ordinary combustible materials, such
as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many
plastics.
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Design Consideration
Determine Net Volume(s)
Determine Minimum Design Concentration
Determine Hazard Temperature
Determine Flooding Factor
Minimum Quantity of Agent Required
Determine Altitude Correction Factor
Determine Total System of Agent Required
Determine Number of Inert Gas Cylinder
Design Consideration
Calculate Actual Quantity of Inert-Gas
Agent Supply per Hazard Area
Verify The Actual Inert Gas Concentration
is below LOAEL Level
Determine 95% System Discharge Time
Determine System Flow Rate
Determine Quantity of Nozzles
Determine Pipe Size
Determine Detection and Control System
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Solid
Structural
Volume Net Volume
% × = %
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Design Concentration
Requirements
1. The minimum design concentration for a Class B fuel
hazard shall be the extinguishing concentration times a
safety factor of 1.3.
Design Concentration
Requirements
4. The minimum design concentration for spaces
containing energized electrical hazards supplied
at greater than 480 volts that remain powered
during and after discharge shall be determined
by testing, as necessary, and a hazard analysis.
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Design Concentration
Requirements (Summary)
Class A : 1.2
Class B : 1.3
Class C : MEC Class A x 1.35
= 28.5 % x 1.35
= 38.5 %
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where:
X = volume of inert gas added at standard conditions of 14.7 psia,
70°F (1.013 bar, 21°C) per volume of hazard space [ft3(m3)]
Vs = specific volume of inert gas agent at 70°F (21°C) and 14.7 psia
(1.013 bar)
s = specific volume of inert gas at 1 atm and the minimum anticipated
temperature [°F (°C)] of the protected volume [ft3/lb (m3/kg)]
C = inert gas design concentration (volume percent)
Specific Volume
Inert-Gas Agent Specific Volume Specific Volume
(t oF) (t oC)
IG-55 9.8809 + 0.0215t 0.6598 + 0.00242t
IG-541 9.8579 + 0.02143t 0.65799 + 0.00239t
IG-100 11.976 + 0.02606t 0.7997 + 0.00293t
IG-01 8.514 + 0.0185t 0.5685 + 0.00208t
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= ×
Example
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Step 1:
Room 1
Archive Room = 10ft x 10ft x 10ft
= 1000ft3
Room 2
Gasoline Storage = 20ft x 10ft x 10ft
= 2000ft3
Room 3
Electrical Room = 20ft x 20ft x 10ft
= 4000ft3
Step 2:
Minimum Design Concentration for each Hazards
Room 1
Archive Room (A) = 28.5% x 1.2
= 34.2%
Room 2
Gasoline Storage (B) = 31.25% x 1.3
= 40.625%
Room 3
Electrical Room (C) = 28.5% x 1.35
= 38.475%
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Step 3:
Specific Volume of Inert Gas for these Hazards
Step 4:
Total Flooding Factor for each Hazards
11.358 ⁄ 100
= 2.303 log
11.1437 ⁄ 100 −
Room 1
%
. ⁄
Archive Room (A) = 2.303 . ⁄
log % . %
= 0.427
Room 2
%
. ⁄
Gasoline Storage (B) =2.303 log % . %
. ⁄
= 0.5314
Room 3
%
. ⁄
Electrical Room (C) =2.303 log % . %
. ⁄
= 0.4952
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Step 5:
Agent required for each Hazards
Room 1
Archive Room (A) = ×
= 1000ft3 x 0.427
= 427 ft3
Room 2
Gasoline Storage (B) = ×
= 2000ft3 x 0.5314
= 1062.8 ft3
Room 3
Electrical Room (C) = ×
= 4000ft3 x 0.4952
= 1980.8 ft3
Adjust Quantity of
Equivalent Atmospheric
Agent with Altitude Altitude Correction
Correction Factor ft
−3,000 −0.92
km Factor
1.11
−2,000 −0.61 1.07
−1,000 −0.30 1.04
= × 0 0.00 1.00
1,000 0.30 0.96
2,000 0.61 0.93
= IG Correction Quantity 3,000 0.91 0.89
= IG Minimum Quantity 4,000 1.22 0.86
= Altitude Correction Factor 5,000 1.52 0.82
6,000 1.83 0.78
7,000 2.13 0.75
8,000 2.45 0.72
9,000 2.74 0.69
10,000 3.05 0.66
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Step 6:
Example the building stands on +300m above sea level.
Room 1
Archive Room (A) = 427 ft3 x 0.96
= 409.92 ft3
Room 2
Gasoline Storage (B) = 1062.8 ft3 x 0.96
= 1020.288 ft3
Room 3
Electrical Room (C) = 1980.8 ft3 x 0.96
= 1901.568 ft3
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Step 7:
Determine the cylinder size
Room 1
Archive Room (A) = 409.92 ft3 ÷ 439
= 0.934 ≈ 1 cylinder
Room 2
Gasoline Storage (B) = 1020.288 ft3 ÷ 439
= 2.324 ≈ 3 cylinder
Room 3
Electrical Room (C) = 1901.568 ft3 ÷ 439
= 4.332 ≈ 5 cylinder
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And
100
= 2.303 log
100 − %
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Step 8:
Determine actual flooding factor of these hazards
Room 1
Archive Room (A) = 1 cylinder x 439 ft3÷ 0.96 ÷ 1000 ft3
= 439 ft3 ÷ 0.96 ÷ 1000 ft3
= 0.457
Room 2
Gasoline Storage (B) = 3 cylinder x 439 ft3 ÷ 0.96 ÷ 2000 ft3
= 1317 ft3 ÷ 0.96 ÷ 2000 ft3
= 0.686
Room 3
Electrical Room (C) = 5 cylinder x 439 ft3 ÷ 0.96 ÷ 4000 ft3
= 2195 ÷ 0.96 ÷ 4000 ft3
= 0.572
100
2.303 log =
100 −
100
log =
100 − 2.303
2 2.303 − 2 2.303 −
log 100 − = , =
2.303 2.303
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Step 9:
Verify the actual design concentration of Inert Gas below LOAEL
Level (52%)
2 2.303 −
= 100 − 10 ; =
2.303
= 11.358 ft3/lb ÷ 11.1437 ft3/lb
= 1.02
. × .
=
. × .
= 2−
. × .
= 100 − 10( . × .
)
Step 9 continue:
Room 1
.
Archive Room (A) = 100 − 10( . × .
)
= 100 – 63.893
= 36.12%
Room 2
.
Gasoline Storage (B) = 100 − 10( . × .
)
= 100 – 51.047
= 48.95%
Room 3
.
( )
Electrical Room (C) = 100 − 10 . × .
= 100 – 57.082
= 42.92%
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Inert Gas :
95%
=
ℎ
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Step 10 continue:
Determine 95% Discharge Time Rate and System Flow Rate by Area
Room 1
Archive Room (A) = 1 cylinder x 439 ft3
= 439 ft3 x 0.95 ÷ 2 min (discharge time)
= 208.525 ft3/min
Room 2
Gasoline Storage (B) = 3 cylinder x 439 ft3
= 1317 ft3 x 0.95 ÷ 1 min (discharge time)
= 1251.15 ft3/min
Room 3
Electrical Room (C) = 5 cylinder x 439 ft3
= 2195 x 0.95 ÷ 2 min (discharge time)
= 1042.625 ft3/min
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Step 11 :
Determine pipe sizes
Room 1
Archive Room (A) = 208.525 ft3/min
= ½” sch 80
Room 2
Gasoline Storage (B) = 1251.15 ft3/min
= 1” sch 80
Room 3
Electrical Room (C) = 1042.625 ft3/min
= 1” sch 80
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9.8 m
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Step 12:
Determine Nozzle Quantity
Room 1
Archive Room (A) L = 10ft ÷ 32ft = 0.3125 ≈ 1
W = 10ft ÷ 32ft = 0.3125 ≈ 1
Nozzle = 1 x 1 = 1
Room 2
Gasoline Storage (B) L = 20ft ÷ 32ft = 0.625 ≈ 1
W = 10ft ÷ 32ft = 0.3125 ≈ 1
Nozzle = 1 x 1 = 1
Room 3
Electrical Room (C) L = 20ft ÷ 32ft = 0.625 ≈ 1
W = 20ft ÷ 32ft = 0.625 ≈ 1
Nozzle = 1 x 1 = 1
% × 20.95
% = 20.95% −
100
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Room 1
.% × .
Archive Room (A) = 20.95 −
= 20.95% − 7.57%
= 13.38%
Room 2
. %× .
Gasoline Storage (B) = 20.95 −
= 20.95% − 10.26%
= 10.69%
Room 3
. %× .
Electrical Room (C) = 20.95 −
= 20.95% − 9%
= 11.96%
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NO EQUIPMENT LIST
1 Cylinder
2 Discharge Valve w/
Pressure Gauge
3 Bracket Cylinder
5 Electric Actuator
6 Manual Actuator
9 Pressure Switch
13 Manifold Support
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Thank You
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