Ikkhu Projukti Handbook PDF

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IKSHU PROJUKTI HANDBOOK
(Handbook on Sugarcane Technologies)
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Citation: Bashar et al., 2012

IKSHU PROJUKTI HANDBOOK (Handbook on Sugarcane Technologies)
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute
Ishurdi-6620, Pabna, Bangladesh
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Ck¦i`x 1-53
Aegyw³i mb t 1967
c¨v‡i‡›UR t Co 638 × ?
m‡e©v”P djb t 111 Ub/†n±i
Mo djb t 74 Ub/†n±i
wPwb aviY ÿgZv t 12.11%|
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi cvebv, e¸ov,
dwi`cyi, Kzwóqv,
Rvgvjcyi I ivRkvnx
• jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv m¤úbœ

• eb¨v I Rjve×Zv mwnòz c~Y© eq¯‹ Bÿz MvQ KvÛ, ce©ga¨ I †PvL
• ga¨g djbkxj
• eq¯‹ AvL wPKb I ce©ga¨
K‡bvBWvj (Conoidal) AvK…wZi
• Av‡Li †PvL j¤^v I wÎ‡KvYvK…wZi
• evwn‡ii AwiKj (Auricle)
UªvbwRkbvj-3 (Transitional-3)
Ges wfZ‡ii AwiKj j¨vbwmI‡jU
(Lanceolate) AvK…wZi
• Acy®úK (Non-flowering) Ges
ga¨g cwic° (Mid-maturing) RvZ
• meyR cvZvq wKQz ûj †`Lv hvq Z‡e
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1
Ck¦i`x 2-54
Aegyw³i mb t 1967 ● jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv

c¨v‡i‡›UR t Co535 × Co 381 m¤úbœ
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Mo djb t 79 Ub/†n±i Avev`‡hvM¨
wPwb aviY ¶gZv t 12.97%| ● eb¨v I Rjve×Zv mwnòz
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi cvebv, e¸ov, ● ga¨g djbkxj
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ivRkvnx
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(Cylindrical) AvK…wZi Ges
cyivZb cvZv¸wj †n‡j _v‡K|
● cvZvi †Lvj †e¸wb i‡Oi Ges Aí
eq¯‹ Pvivi cvZvi AvMv‡ZI
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c~Y© eq¯‹ Bÿz MvQ KvÛ I ce©ga¨
● Av‡Li †PvL I‡fU (Ovate)

AvK…wZi Ges †Pv‡Li DcwifvM
†MÖv_wis µm K‡i|
● evwn‡ii AwiKj (Auricle)
Ges wfZ‡ii AwiKj UªvbwRkbvj-1
(Transitional-1) ai‡bi
● Acy®úK (Non-flowering) Ges
ga¨g cwic° (Mid-maturing)
RvZ
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2
Gj †R-wm
Aegyw³i mb t 1982 ● jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv m¤úbœ

c¨v‡i‡›UR t ¯’vbxqfv‡e msM„nxZ ● e¨vcK GjvKvq Avev`‡hvM¨
m‡e©v”P djb t 99 Ub/†n±i ● eb¨v I Rjve×Zv mwnòz
Mo djb t 79 Ub/†n±i ● ga¨g djbkxj
wPwb aviY ¶gZv t 13.19%|
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi ivRkvnx,
w`bvRcyi, iscyi,
e¸ov
● Av‡Li ce©ga¨ wmwjÛvi

(Cylindrical) AvK…wZi
● Av‡Li wfZi GKUz duvcv Av‡Q
● Acy®úK (Non-flowering) Ges
ga¨g cwic° (Mid-maturing)
RvZ

Ges wfZ‡ii AwiKj j¨vbwmI‡jU
(Lanceolate) ai‡bi
● cvZvi †Lv‡j †e¸wb is Ges Aí
eq¯‹ Pvivi cvZvi AvMv‡ZI mvgvb¨
†e¸wb Avfv †`Lv hvq|
G RvZwU †`‡ki e¨vcK AÂ‡j Pvl Kiv hvq| G RvZwU Pvl Kiv n‡j K…lK Z_v †`k
AvL, wPwb I ¸o Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfevb n‡e|
3
Ck¦i`x 16
Aegyw³i mb t 1981 ● LyeB DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nq

c¨v‡i‡›UR t CP 36-13×BO 32 ● D”P djbkxj
m‡e©v”P djb t 102 Ub/†n±i ● AvMvg cwic°
wPwb aviY ¶gZv t 14.48%
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi ivRkvnx, iscyi,
w`bvRcyi, e¸ov
● ce©ga¨ wmwjÛvi (Cylindrical)

AvK…wZi
● Av‡Li wfZi GKUz duvcv Av‡Q
● Av‡Li †PvL PZz‡®‹vY AvK…wZi Ges
DcwifvM †MÖv_wis µm K‡i|
● evWMÖæf (Budgroove) ¯úó

†WjU‡qW (Deltoid) Ges wfZ‡ii
AwiKj j¨vbwmI‡jU
(Lanceolate) ai‡bi
● cvZv PIov Ges cvZvi †Lv‡j wKQy
wKQy nyj (Spine) †`Lv hvq
● cy®úK Ges AvMvg cwic° RvZ
†PvL I evWMÖæf evwni I wfZ‡ii AwiKj
G RvZwU D”P djbkxj Ges †ekx wPwb aviY ¶gZvm¤úbœ| G RvZ †_‡K LyeB DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nIqvq
K…lK Z_v †`k A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfevb n‡e| ¸o Drcv`bKvix GjvKvq G RvZwU GL‡bv LyeB RbwcÖq|
4
Ck¦i`x 17
Aegyw³i mb t 1984 ● Aegyw³Kv‡j jvj cPv †ivM

c¨v‡i‡›UR t Co631×BO 22 cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv m¤úbœ wQj,
m‡e©v”P djb t 126 Ub/†n±i ciewZ©‡Z jvj cPv †iv†Mi cÖwZ
Mo djb t 85 Ub/†n±i ms‡e`bkxjZvi Kvi‡Y Pvlvev`
wPwb aviY ¶gZv t 14.53 % iwnZ Kiv nq
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi ivRkvnx, iscyi, ● DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nq
w`bvRcyi, e¸ov ● D”P djbkxj
● B¶zi is meyRvf njy`, ce©ga¨ eweb

(Bobin) AvK…wZi
● Av‡Li wfZi duvcv bvB

Ges wfZ‡ii AwiKj †WbU‡qW
(Dentoid) ai‡bi
● cvZv gvSvwi PIov Ges nvjKv meyR
i‡Oi
● Av‡Li †PvL †MvjvKvi Ges DcwifvM
†MÖv_wis µm K‡i|
● Acy®úK Ges AvMvg cwic° RvZ
G RvZwU D”P djbkxj I AwaK wPwb aviY ¶gZv m¤úbœ nIqvq Gi Øviv K…lK Z_v
†`k A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfevb n‡e|
5
Ck¦i`x 18
Aegyw³i mb t 1988 ● Aegyw³Kv‡j jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡iva

c¨v‡i‡›UR t Co 631×BO 22 ¶gZv m¤úbœ wQj, ciewZ©‡Z jvj
m‡e©v”P djb t 97 Ub/†n±i cPv †iv†Mi cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxjZvi
Mo djb t 86 Ub/†n±i Kvi‡Y Pvlvev` iwnZ Kiv nq
wPwb aviY ¶gZv t 13.0% ● DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nq
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi ivRkvnx, ● D”P djbkxj I gywo AvL Drcv`b
iscyi, w`bvRcyi, ¶gZv m¤úbœ
e¸ov
● ce©ga¨ K‡bvBWvj (Conoidal)

AvK…wZi
● Acy®úK Ges ga¨g cwic° RvZ
• Av‡Li †PvL †QvU I wW¤^vK…wZi Ges

DcwifvM ‡MÖv_wis ¯úk© K‡i
• evwn‡ii AwiKj UªvbwRkbvj-2
(Transitional-2) Ges wfZ‡ii
AwiKj UªvbwRkbvj-1
• cvZvi †Lv‡j wKQy wKQy nyj (Spine)
†`Lv hvq
G RvZ Pv‡li gva¨‡g K…lK Z_v †`k AvL, wPwb I ¸o Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g
A_©‰bwZKfv‡e DcK…Z n‡e|
6
Ck¦i`x 19

c¨v‡i‡›UR t CoL 33 × Co 6502 ga¨g cÖK…wZi
m‡e©v”P djb t 97 Ub/†n±i ● ga¨g gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nq
Mo djb t 83 Ub/†n±i ● D”P djbkxj
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t ivRkvnx, cvebv,
Rvgvjcyi I
RqcyinvU

AvK…wZi
● cy®úK Ges ga¨g cwic° RvZ
● Av‡Li †PvL ga¨gvK…wZi I

†MvjvKvi Ges DcwifvM †MÖv_wis
¯úk© K‡i
● evwn‡ii AwiKj †W›U‡qW
(Dentoid) Ges wfZ‡ii AwiKj
ai‡bi
● cvZvi †Lv‡j Aí wKQy nyj (Spine)
†`Lv hvq|
G RvZ Pv‡li gva¨‡g K…lK Z_v †`k AvL, wPwb I ¸o Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g
7
Ck¦i`x 20
Aegyw³i mb t 1990 ● D”P djbkxj

c¨v‡i‡›UR t Co 1148 × Misrilal ● jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv
m‡e©v”P djb t 93 Ub/†n±i m¤úbœ
Mo djb t 72 Ub/†n±i ● gywo Av‡Li Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ fvj
wPwb aviY ¶gZv t 13.48% ● Liv, eb¨v I Rjve×Zv mwnòz
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi iscyi, ivRkvnx, ● PivÂ‡ji Rb¨ Dchy³
cvebv, h‡kvi, e¸ov I
Rvgvjcyi|

AvK…wZi
● K`vwPr dzj nq Ges ga¨g cwic°
RvZ
● Av‡Li †PvL gvSvix †_‡K eo I

wÎ‡KvYvK…wZi Ges DcwifvM
†MÖv_wis Ifvij¨vc K‡i
†Wë‡qW (Deltoid) ai‡Yi
G RvZwU D”P djbkxj, Liv, eb¨v I Rjv×Zv mwnòz, gywo AvL Drcv`b I PivÂ‡ji
Rb¨ Dchy³ nIqvq A‡bK GjvKv‡Z Gi RbwcÖqZv i‡q‡Q|
8
Ck¦i`x 21
Aegyw³i mb t 1990 ● eb¨v mwnòz

c¨v‡i‡›UR t F 31-762 × Co 969 ● DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nq
m‡e©v”P djb t 90 Ub/†n±i ● ga¨g djbkxj
Mo djb t 71 Ub/†n±i ● AvMvg cwic°
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi iscyi, cvebv,
Rvgvjcyi, e¸ov I
ivRkvnx

AvK…wZi
● K`vwPr dzj nq
● Av‡Li †PvL gvSvix I wW¤^vK…wZi

Ges DcwifvM †MÖv_wis µm K‡i
ai‡bi
● cvZvi †Lv‡j cÖPzi nyj (Spine) †`Lv
hvq
†ekx wPwb aviY ¶gZv Ges DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nIqvq ¸o Drcv`bKvix K…lKMY G
RvZwU cQ›` K‡ib|
9
Ck¦i`x 22

c¨v‡i‡›UR t CP 50-72 × I 110-66 m¤úbœ
m‡e©v”P djb t 87 Ub/†n±i ● DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nq
Pvl‡hvM¨ Aâj t e„nËi ivRkvnx,
e¸ov, cvebv, Kzwóqv
I Rvgvjcyi

AvK…wZi
● cy®úK Ges AvMvg cwic° RvZ|

Ges DcwifvM †MÖv_wis ¯úk© K‡i
ai‡bi
● cvZvi †Lv‡j wKQy wKQy nyj (Spine)
†`Lv hvq
D”P wPwb aviY ¶gZv, Liv, eb¨v I Rjv×Zv mwnòz I PivÂ‡ji Rb¨ Dchy³ Ges DbœZ
gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nIqvq K…lK Z_v †`k A_©‰bwZKfv‡e DcK…Z n‡e|
10
Ck¦i`x 24

c¨v‡i‡›UR t Co 6502 × I 101-66 m¤úbœ
m‡e©v”P djb t 68 Ub/†n±i ● wPwe‡q LvIqvi Rb¨ Dchy³
Mo djb t 49 Ub/†n±i ● DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nq
● ga¨g djbkxj
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi cvebv,
ivRkvnx I e¸ov ● AvMvg cwic°

AvK…wZi
● cy®úK

● evwn‡ii AwiKj UªvbwRkbvj-3
AwiKj †QvU j¨bwmI‡jU (short
Lanceolate) ai‡bi
● cvZvi †Lv‡j cÖPzi nyj (Spine)
†`Lv hvq
G Rv‡Z wPwb aviY ¶gZv †ekx, DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nq Ges RvZwU wPwe‡q LvIqvi
Rb¨ wKQzUv Dchy³|
11
Ck¦i`x 25

c¨v‡i‡›UR t I 4-71 × I 166-66 m¤úbœ
Mo djb t 62 Ub/†n±i ● D”P djbkxj, Pi I eb¨vcÖeY
wPwb aviY ¶gZv t 13.20% GjvKvq Pvlv‡cv‡hvMx
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t ivRkvnx,
RqcyinvU, iscyi,
w`bvRcyi, cvebv

AvK…wZi

AwiKj UªvbwRkbvj-1
†`Lv hvq|
RvZwU D”P djbkxj Ges PivÂ‡ji Rb¨ Dchy³ nIqvq K…lK Z_v †`k AvL, wPwb I
¸o Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g A_©‰bwZKfv‡e DcK…Z n‡e|
12
Ck¦i`x 26
Aegyw³i mb t 1995 ● jvj cPv †iv‡Mi cÖwZ

c¨v‡i‡›UR t Isd 16 (Mutant) ms‡e`bkxjZv ga¨g cÖK…wZi
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi ivRkvnx,
Kzwóqv, e¸ov,
w`bvRcyi I cvebv

AvK…wZi|
● Acy®úK Ges AvMvg cwic° RvZ
● Av‡Li †PvL gvSvix I PZz‡¯‹vYvKvi

● evwn‡ii AwiKj †WjU‡qW
(Deltoid) Ges wfZ‡ii AwiKj
j¨bwmI‡jU (Lanceolate) ai‡bi
†`Lv hvq
RvZwU †ekx wPwb aviY ÿgZv, AZ¨šÍ DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix Ges gv‡V `xN©w`b meyR
_vKvq K…lK Z_v †`k A_©‰bwZKfv‡e DcK…Z n‡e|
13
Ck¦i`x 27
Aegyw³i mb t 1995 ● jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax

c¨v‡i‡›UR t CP 70-1133×Poj 2878 ● DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nq
m‡e©v”P djb t 79 Ub/†n±i ● ga¨g djbkxj
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi ivRkvnx, Kzwóqv,
w`bvRcyi, iscyi,
gqgbwmsn, e¸ov I cvebv

AvK…wZi

AwiKj UªvbwRkbvj-3
†`Lv hvq
†ekx wPwb aviY ¶gZv Ges DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix Rb¨ fvj nIqvq K…lK Z_v †`k
14
Ck¦i`x 28
Aegyw³i mb t 1996 ● jvj cPv †iv†Mi cÖwZ

c¨v‡i‡›UR t Co 1158 × Co 530 ms‡e`bkxjZvi Kvi‡Y Pvlvev`
m‡e©v”P djb t 90 Ub/†n±i iwnZ Kiv nq
wPwb aviY ¶gZv t 14.31% ● D”P djbkxj, jeYv³ GjvKvi
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi iscyi, w`bvRcyi, Rb¨ Dchy³
e¸ov, Rvgvjcyi,
ivRkvnx, cvebv I Kzwóqv

AvK…wZi|

Ges DcwifvM †MÖv_wis ¯úk© K‡i|
● evwn‡ii AwiKj †WjU‡qW
(Deltoid) Ges wfZ‡ii AwiKj
j¨bwmI‡jU (Lanceolate) ai‡bi
● cvZvi †Lv‡j nyj (Spine) †`Lv
hvq bv
D”P djbkxj, †ekx wPwb aviY ¶gZv Ges gywo Av‡Li Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ fvj nIqvq K…lK
Z_v †`k A_©‰bwZKfv‡e DcK…Z n‡e|
15
Ck¦i`x 29

c¨v‡i‡›UR t Isd 16 × CP 50-72 ms‡e`bkxjZv ga¨g cÖK…wZi
Mo djb t 75 Ub/†n±i ● D”P djbkxj, eb¨v mwnòz
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi e¸ov,
ivRkvnx, Kzwóqv,
cvebv I Rvgvjcyi

AvK…wZi|
● cy®úK Ges ga¨g cwic° RvZ|
● Av‡Li †PvL †QvU I wW¤^vK…wZi Ges

DcwifvM †MÖv_wis ¯úk© K‡i|
AwiKj j¨bwmI‡jU (Lanceolate)
ai‡bi
†`Lv hvq
RvZwU D”P djbkxj, †ekx wPwb aviY ¶gZv, eb¨v mwnòz I ¸‡oi gvb fvj nIqvq
K…lK Z_v †`k A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfevb n‡e|
16
Ck¦i`x 30

c¨v‡i‡›UR t I 24-76 × I 147-77 m¤úbœ
Mo djb t 78 Ub/†n±i ● D”P djbkxj, eb¨v mwnòz
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi iscyi, Rvgvjcyi, ivRkvnx,
Kzwóqv, RqcyinvU, cvebv,
w`bvRcyi, wm‡jU, ewikvj

AvK…wZi I k³ Ges miæ duvcv
†`Lv hvq
● cvZvi is d¨vKv‡k meyR
● Av‡Li †PvL †QvU I wW¤^vK…wZi Ges

DcwifvM †MÖv_wis ¯úk© K‡i
● evwn‡ii Ges wfZ‡ii Dfq AwiKj
†QvU j¨bwmI‡jU (short
Lanceolate) ai‡bi
● cvZvi †Lv‡j nyj (Spine) †`Lv hvq
bv
RvZwU D”P djbkxj, †ekx wPwb aviY ¶gZv I DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nIqvq K…lK Z_v
†`k A_©‰bwZKfv‡e DcK…Z n‡e|
17
Ck¦i`x 31

c¨v‡i‡›UR t I 322-86 × CP 50-72 ms‡e`bkxjZvi Kvi‡Y Pvlvev`
m‡e©v”P djb t 113 Ub/†n±i iwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q
wPwb aviY ¶gZv t 12.94% ● Liv I eb¨v mwnòz
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi iscyi, Rvgvjcyi,
● D”P djbkxj
ivRkvnx, Kzwóqv, RqcyinvU,
cvebv, wm‡jU, ewikvj

AvK…wZi|

AwiKj †QvU j¨bwmI‡jU (short
Lanceolate) ai‡bi
†`Lv hvq Z‡e Bnv S‡i c‡o|
RvZwU D”P djbkxj, eb¨v I Liv mwnòz Ges ¸‡oi ¸bMZgvb fvj nIqvq K…lK Z_v
†`k A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfevb n‡e|
18
Ck¦i`x 32
Aegyw³i mb t 2002 ● jvj cPv †ivM ga¨g cÖK…wZi

c¨v‡i‡›UR t I 327-86 × I 101-66 cÖwZ‡ivax
Mo djb t 104 Ub/†n±i ● eb¨v I Liv mwnòz
● PivÂ‡ji Rb¨ Dchy³
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi Rvgvjcyi, Kzwóqv,
ivRkvnx, MvRxcyi cvebv, ● D”P djbkxj
VvKziMuvI I RqcyinvU
● KvÛ j¤^v, ga¨gvKv‡ii Ges is

njy`vf-meyR| KvÛ k³ Ges
mvgvb¨ dvucv
AvK…wZi

● evwni Ges wfZ‡ii Dfq AwiKj
†WbU‡qW (Dentoid) ai‡bi
Z‡e S‡i c‡o|
RvZwU D”P djbkxj, eb¨v I Liv mwnòz Ges PivÂ‡ji Rb¨ Dchy³ nIqvq K…lK Z_v
19
Ck¦i`x 33

c¨v‡i‡›UR t Co 631 × I 144-86 cÖwZ‡ivax
Mo djb t 99 Ub/†n±i ● gywo Av‡Li Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ fvj
● eb¨v I Liv mwnòz
● KvÛ k³ Ges miæ duvcv †`Lv hvq

● ce©ga¨ wmwjÛvi (Cylinder)
AvK…wZi
● Av‡Li †PvL †QvU I †Mvj (Round)

UªvbwRkbvj -3 (Transitional-3)
ai‡bi
†`Lv hvq Z‡e Zv S‡i c‡o bv|
RvZwU D”P djbkxj, †ekx wPwb aviY ¶gZv, eb¨v I Liv mwnòz Ges gywo Av‡Li Rb¨
AZ¨šÍ fvj nIqvq K…lK Z_v †`k A_©‰bwZKfv‡e DcK…Z n‡e|
20
Ck¦i`x 34

c¨v‡i‡›UR t cÖewZ©Z cÖwZ‡ivax
Mo djb t 93 Ub/†n±i ● Liv, eb¨v I Rjve×Zv mwnòz
● gywo Av‡Li Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ fvj
VvKziMuvI I RqcyinvU ● K`vwPr dzj nq, ga¨g cwic°
● KvÛ ga¨g j¤^v I ga¨gvKv‡ii Ges

is njy`vf-meyR|
● ce©ga¨ eweb (Bobin) AvK…wZi
● Av‡Li †PvL gvSvix I wÎ‡KvYvK…wZi

Ges DcwifvM †MÖv_wis AwZµg
K‡i
†WjU‡qW (Deltoid) AvK„wZi
bv
● evWMÖæf †`Lv hvq|
G RvZwU D”P djbkxj, gywo Av‡Li Rb¨ fvj, DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix Ges eb¨v, Liv I
Rjve×Zv mwnòz nIqvq K…lK Z_v †`k A_©‰bwZKfv‡e DcK…Z n‡e|
21
Ck¦i`x 35

c¨v‡i‡›UR t I 323-86 ×CP 70-1133 cÖwZ‡ivax
Mo djb t 94 Ub/†n±i ● Liv mwnòz
● D”P djbkxj
ivRkvnx, MvRxcyi cvebv,
● cvZvi †Lvj (leaf sheath) †e¸bx

(purple) is-Gi Ges Kv‡Ûi mv‡_
nvjKvfv‡e †j‡M _v‡K|
● ce©ga¨ wmwjÛvi (cylinder)
AvK…wZi
● KvÛ gvSvix ai‡Yi k³ I Dnv‡Z
mvgvb¨ wc_ Av‡Q
● Av‡Li †PvL gvSvix I †MvjvKvi

(roundish) AvK„wZi Ges
DcwifvM †MÖv_wis ¯úk© K‡i|
(transitional-3) Ges wfZ‡ii
AwiKj †WjU‡qW (deltoid)
ai‡bi
bv
RvZwU D”P wPwb aviY ¶gZv, D”P djbkxj I DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nIqvq K…lK Z_v
22
Ck¦i`x 36

c¨v‡i‡›UR t CP 70-1133 × ? cÖwZ‡ivax
● eb¨v I Liv mwnòz
ivRkvnx, MvRxcyi, cvebv, ● PivÂ‡ji Rb¨ Dchy³
● KvÛ j¤^v I ga¨gvKv‡ii Ges is

nvjKv meyR; Abve„Z Ask
meyRvf-cvUj (Greenish-pink)
● ce©ga¨ eweb (bobin) AvK…wZi
● Acy®úK Ges AvMvg cwic° RvZ|
● Av‡Li †PvL gvSvix I Ifvj

(oval) AvK„wZi Ges DcwifvM
†MÖv_wis ¯úk© K‡i
● evwn‡ii AwiKj ‡QvU j¨vbwmI‡jU
(short lanceolate) Ges wfZ‡ii
AwiKj ‡WjU‡qW (deltoid)
ai‡bi
RvZwU D”P djbkxj, †ekx wPwb aviY ¶gZv Ges DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nIqvq K…lK
Z_v †`k A_©‰bwZKfv‡e DcK…Z n‡e|
23
Ck¦i`x 37

c¨v‡i‡›UR t Cok 31 × CP 50-72 cÖwZ‡ivax
● eb¨v, Liv I Rjve×Zv mwnòy
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi Kzwóqv, ivRkvnx
MvRxcyi Rvgvjcyi, cvebv, ● PivÂ‡ji Rb¨ Dchy³
VvKziMuvI I RqcyinvU ● Acy®úK, AvMvg cwic°
● KvÛ gvSvix j¤^v I ga¨g AvKv‡ii

Ges is njy`vf-meyR|
● ce©ga¨ wmwjÛvi (cylinder)
AvK…wZi
● Av‡Li †PvL †QvU †MvjvKvi

(roundish) Ges DcwifvM †MÖv_wis
¯úk© K‡i|
AwiKj UªvbwRkbvj-2
(transitional-2) ai‡bi
Z‡e S‡i c‡o|
G RvZwU D”P djbkxj, †ekx wPwb aviY ¶gZv Ges DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nIqvq G
Rv‡Zi Pv‡li gva¨‡g K…lK Z_v †`k A_©‰bwZKfv‡e DcK…Z n‡e|
24
Ck¦i`x 38

c¨v‡i‡›UR t I 273-91 × Isd 28 cÖwZ‡ivax
● eb¨v, Liv I Rjve×Zv mwnòy
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi Rvgvjcyi, MvRxcyi
Kzwóqv, cvebv, ivRkvnx ● K`vwPr dzj nq, AvMvg cwic°
● KvÛ j¤^v I ga¨gvKvi Ges is

njy`vf-meyR|
● ce©ga¨ K‡bvBWvj (conoidal)
AvK…wZi
● K`vwPr dzj nq Ges AvMvg cwic°
RvZ|
● Av‡Li †PvL †QvU I‡fU (ovate)

AwiKj †WbU‡qW (dentoid)
ai‡bi
Ges S‡i c‡o bv|
G RvZwU D”P djbkxj, D”P wPwb aviY ¶gZv Ges eb¨v, Liv I Rjve×Zv mwnòy
nIqvq K…lK Z_v †`k G Rv‡Zi AvL Pv‡li gva¨‡g A_©‰bwZKfv‡e DcK…Z n‡e|
25
Ck¦i`x 39
Aegyw³i mb t 2009 ● jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax

c¨v‡i‡›UR t BC5 × Isd 25 ● DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nq
m‡e©v”P djb t 141 Ub/†n±i ● D”P djbkxj
● eb¨v, Liv, Rjve×Zv I jeYv³Zv
mwnòy
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi Rvgvjcyi, MvRxcyi
Kzwóqv, cvebv, ivRkvnx, ● PivÂ‡ji Rb¨ Dchy³
VvKziMuvI, RqcyinvU ● Acy®úK, AvMvg cwic°

● Av‡Li †PvL ga¨g I wW¤^vK…wZi

● evwn‡ii AwiKj †QvU ek©v (short
lanceolate) AvK…wZi Ges wfZ‡ii
AwiKj †WjU‡qW (deltoid)
ai‡bi
bv
D”P djbkxj, †ekx wPwb aviY ¶gZv Ges eb¨v, Liv, Rjve×Zv I jeYv³ AÂjmn †`‡ki e¨vcK
AÂ‡j Pvl Kiv hvq| ZvB, K…lK Z_v †`k G Rv‡Zi AvL Pv‡li gva¨‡g A_©‰bwZKfv‡e DcK…Z n‡e|
26
Ck¦i`x 40
Aegyw³i mb t 2009 ● D”P djbkxj, AvMvg cwic°

c¨v‡i‡›UR t Isd 27 × Isd 24 ● DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZixi Rb¨ Dchy³
m‡e©v”P djb t 150 Ub/†n±i ● jvjcPv †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv m¤úbœ
● PivÂ‡ji Rb¨ Dchy³
Pvl‡hvM¨ AÂj t e„nËi Rvgvjcyi, MvRxcyi ● Liv, eb¨v, Rjve×Zv I jeYv³Zv
Kzwóqv, cvebv, ivRkvnx, mwnòy ¶gZv Lye †ekx
● KvÛ (stalk) j¤^v, ga¨g AvKv‡ii

Ges is cvUj e‡b©i
● wMiv (node) †dvjv (sowllen)
Ges cvZv Sivi `vM ¯úó|
● G Rv‡Zi B¶z‡Z gv‡S gv‡S dzj
†`Lv hvq
● Av‡Li †PvL ga¨g wW¤^vK…wZi

(oval) Ges DcwifvM †MÖv_wis
¯úk© K‡i
● wfZ‡ii AwiKj †WjU‡qW
(Deltoid) evwn‡ii AwiKj
UªvbwRkbvj-3 AvK…wZi
● cvZvi †Lv‡j nyj (Spine) †`Lv
hvq bv
D”P djbkxj, †ekx wPwb aviY ¶gZv, eb¨v, Liv, Rjve×Zv I jeYv³ AÂ‡ji Dc‡hvMx Ges ¸‡oi
¸bMZgvb fvj nIqvq K…lK Z_v †`k AvL, wPwb I ¸o Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfevb n‡e|
27
RxecÖhyw³ wefvM
Av‡Li AMÖgyKzj KvjPvi n‡Z mivmwi Pviv Drcv`b

K) cÖhyw³i weeiY
wUmy¨ KvjPvi c×wZ AbymiY K‡i AMÖgyKzj ev fvRK Kjv (†gwi‡÷g) KvjPv‡ii
gva¨‡g DbœZgv‡bi †ivMgy³ Pviv Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e| G cÖwµqvq M‡elYvMv‡i mviveQi
A_©vr me FZz‡Z Pviv Drcv`b Kiv hvq|
AMÖgyKzj KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g Bÿzi Pviv Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ gvV †_‡K DbœZ Rv‡Zi 3-4 gvm
eq‡mi m‡ZR I `ªæZ ea©bkxj bx‡ivM Bÿz MvQ evQvB Kiv nq| evQvBK…Z MvQ n‡Z
ea©bkxj AMÖgyKzjmn WMv 12-15 †mw›UwgUvi j¤^v K‡i †K‡U msMÖn Kiv nq| msM„nxZ WMv
cvwb‡Z ay‡q a~jvevwjgy³ Kiv nq| evB‡ii cvZv c„_K K‡i WMv¸‡jv‡K 4-6 †mw›UwgUvi
j¤^v K‡i KvUv nq Ges m¨vfjb w`‡q 5-6 wgwbU †kvab Kivi ci cvwZZ cvwb‡Z fvj K‡i
ay‡q wb‡Z nq| Zvici ivmvqwbK c×wZ‡Z RxevYygy³ Kiv nq| G KvRwU we‡kl RxevYygy³
cwi‡e‡k Kiv nq| RxevYygy³ L‡Ûi evB‡ii Rov‡bv cvZv¸‡jv mZK©Zvi m‡½ mwi‡q
AMÖgyKzj msMÖn K‡i Kzwk Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ K…wÎg gva¨‡g ¯’vcb Kiv nq (wPÎ-1)| Kzwk
Drcv`‡bi ci cÖwZ 2-3 mßvn ci ci Kzwk¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v K‡i kvLv e„w×i Rb¨ bZzb K‡i
ˆZwi Kiv wba©vwiZ cywó gva¨‡g ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kiv nq| Gfv‡e K‡qKevi ¯’vbvšÍi Kivi ci
ch©vß cwigv‡Y Kzwk cvIqv hvq (wPÎ-2)|
Kzwk¸‡jv 4-6 †mw›UwgUvi j¤^v n‡j †m¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v K‡i wkKo MRv‡bvi Rb¨ ˆZwi
wba©vwiZ cywó gva¨‡g emv‡bv nq| wZb †_‡K Pvi mßv‡ni g‡a¨B Gme Kzwk‡Z wkKo MRvq
Ges AbyPviv‡Z cwiYZ nq (wPÎ-3)| Kzwk¸‡jv‡K avivevwnKfv‡e Kzwk Drcv`b gva¨‡g
¯’vbvšÍi K‡i mviveQiB AbyPviv Drcv`b Kiv hvq| AbyPviv¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v K‡i fvjfv‡e
cvwb‡Z ay‡q cwi®‹vi K‡i wb‡Z nq hv‡Z wkK‡oi mv‡_ cywó gva¨g †j‡M bv _v‡K| cwi®‹vi
Kivi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z nq hv‡Z wkKo wQu‡o bv hvq| Pviv¸‡jv‡K KvM‡Ri e¨v‡M A_ev
†QvÆ gvwUi c‡U A_ev cwje¨v‡M †ivcY Kiv nq| G Ae¯’vq Pviv cwjw_b wbwg©Z †QvÆ N‡i
ivL‡Z nq Ges SiYvi mvnv‡h¨ wbqwgZ cvwb w`‡Z nq hv‡Z N‡i Dchy³ Av`©ªZv Ges
ZvcgvÎv eRvq _v‡K| Gfv‡e 2-3 mßvn ch©šÍ cwjw_b Gi N‡i †i‡L Pviv¸‡jv‡K evB‡ii
AvenvIqvq jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ Dchy³ K‡i †bIqv nq (wPÎ-4)| Zvici Pviv¸‡jv‡K †ivcv
c×wZ‡Z Bÿz Pviv †ivc‡Yi wbqgvbyhvqx Rwg‡Z †ivcY Kiv nq| Rwg‡Z hw` i‡mi cwigvY
Kg _v‡K Z‡e Pviv¸‡jv‡K Rwg‡Z †ivc‡Yi ci fvjfv‡e †j‡M hvIqvi Rb¨ Rxebx †mP
w`‡Z nq| D‡jøL¨ †h, Pviv †ivc‡Yi c~‡e© cvZvi A‡a©K Ask †K‡U w`‡Z nq|
L) cÖhyw³i êwkó¨mg~n
wUmÿ KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g mn‡RB DbœZgv‡bi †ivMgy³ Av‡Li Pviv ˆZix Kiv hvq|
M‡elYvMv‡i ¯^í Li‡P Aí RvqMvq mviv eQi nvRvi nvRvi Pviv ˆZix Kiv hvq| wUmy¨
28
KvjPvi Gi gva¨‡g Drcvw`Z Pviv †_‡K Drcvw`Z dm‡ji djb fvj cvIqv hvq| bZzb
D™¢vweZ DbœZ Bÿz RvZ wUmy¨ KvjPvi K‡i `ªæZ K…lK‡ì g‡a¨ we¯Ívi Kiv hvq| G‡Z Pviv
cwienY LiP Kg jv‡M|
wPÎ-1: K…wÎg cywó gva¨‡g AMÖgyKzj wPÎ-2: AMÖgyKz‡j Drcvw`Z ch©vß Kzwk
wPÎ-3: Kzwk‡Z wkKo wPÎ-4: cwjw_b e¨v‡M †ivcYK…Z gv‡V

jvMv‡bvi Dc‡hvMx Pviv
Av‡Li cÎLÛ n‡Z mivmwi Pviv Drcv`b

K) cÖhyw³i weeiY
Av‡Li cÎLÛ n‡Z mivmwi Pviv Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cÎ L‡Ûi KvjPvi Kiv nq|
RxevYygy³ cwi‡e‡k ni‡gvbhy³ GgGm gva¨‡gi Dci cÎLÛ ¯’vcb K‡i wbqwš¿Z cwi‡e‡k
25-30 wWwMÖ †mw›U‡MÖW ZvcgvÎvq Pviv Drcv`b Kiv nq| gv‡V jvMv‡bvi c~‡e© Pviv nv‡W©wbs
K‡i †bIqv nq|
29
L) cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
Av‡Li cÎLÛ n‡Z mivmwi Pviv Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g DbœZ Rv‡Zi AvL `ªæZ we¯Ívi Kiv hvq|
Av‡Li cÎLÛ n‡Z mivmwi Drcvw`Z exR mvaviYZ weï× nq| Pviv cwienY LiP Kg
jv‡M|
Av‡Li K¨vjvm KvjPvi Pviv

K) cÖhyw³i weeiY
Bÿzi DbœZ RvZ cvIqvi Rb¨ K¨vjvm KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g Bÿzi Pviv Drcv`b Kiv nq|
GB c×wZ‡Z Pviv Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ gvV †_‡K DbœZ Rv‡Zi 3-4 gvm eq‡mi m‡ZR I `ªæZ
ea©bkxj bx‡ivM MvQ n‡Z 12-15 †mw›UwgUvi j¤^v K‡i WMv †K‡U †bIqv nq| msM„nxZ WMv
cvwb‡Z ay‡q a~jvevwjgy³ Kiv nq| evB‡ii cvZv Qov‡Z Qov‡Z WMv¸‡jv‡K 3-4
wgwjwgUvi e¨vm cyiæ‡Z¡ wb‡q G‡m 4-6 †mw›UwgUvi j¤^v LÛ K‡i KvUv nq Ges m¨vfjb
w`‡q wgwbU cuv‡PK †kvab Kivi ci cvwZZ cvwb‡Z fvj K‡i ay‡q wb‡Z nq| Zvici
wbqwš¿Z cwi‡e‡k ivmvqwbK c×wZ‡Z RxevYygy³ Kiv nq| RxevYygy³ L‡Ûi evB‡ii Rov‡bv
cvZv¸‡jv mZK©Zvi mv‡_ mwi‡q AMÖgyKz‡ji fvRK Kjv ev` w`‡q 3-4 wgwjwgUvi j¤^v K‡i
KvUv nq| KvUv UzKiv¸‡jv‡K j¤^vjw¤^fv‡e wP‡i †QvU †QvU LÛ K‡i Avjv`v Avjv`v fv‡e
K¨vjvm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ K…wÎg cywó gva¨‡g ¯’vcb Kiv nq (wPÎ-5)| `yB-wZb mßv‡ni g‡a¨
K¨vjvm Drcvw`Z nIqvi ci (wPÎ-6) Kzwk Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ ‰Zix cywó gva¨‡g ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv
nq| wZb-Pvi mßv‡ni g‡a¨ K¨vjvm n‡Z ch©vß cwigv‡Y 4-6 †mw›UwgUvi j¤^v Kzwk
Drcvw`Z n‡j (wPÎ-7) Kzwk¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v Avjv`v K‡i wkKo MRv‡bvi Rb¨ ˆZwi gva¨‡g
emv‡bv nq| wZb †_‡K Pvi mßv‡ni g‡a¨B GmKj Kzwk‡Z wkKo MRvq Ges AbyPviv‡Z
cwiYZ nq (wPÎ-8)| Drcvw`Z AbyPviv¸‡jv mveav‡b Avjv`v K‡i KvM‡Ri e¨v‡M, †QvU
gvwUi c‡U A_ev cwje¨v‡M †ivcY K‡i cwjw_‡bi †QvU N‡i †i‡L Pviv¸‡jv‡K evB‡ii
AvenvIqvq jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx K‡i †bIqv nq (wPÎ-9)| Pviv¸‡jv evB‡ii
AvenvIqvq jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx K‡i †bIqvi ci †ivcv c×wZ‡Z Bÿz Pviv †ivc‡Yi
wbqgvbyhvqx gv‡V ev Rwg‡Z †ivcY Kiv nq| Rwg‡Z hw` i‡mi cwigvY Kg _v‡K Z‡e
Pviv¸‡jv‡K Rwg‡Z †ivc‡Yi ci fvjfv‡e †j‡M hvIqvi Rb¨ Rxebx †mP w`‡Z nq| D‡jøL¨
†h, Pviv †ivc‡Yi c~‡e© Pvivi cvZv †K‡U w`‡Z nq| evsjv‡`k Bÿz M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU Gi
ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR wefvM K¨vjvm KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g Bÿy Pviv Drcv`b Gi c×wZ cwiwgZ
K‡i cÖwZ eQi GK GKi Rwg‡Z (wPÎ-10) †ivcY Gi gva¨‡g RvZ D™¢ve‡bi KvR ïiæ
K‡i‡Q| dzj Drcv`b K‡i Ggb RvZ †hgb Ck¦i`x 16 Gi K¨vjvm KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g
Drcvw`Z Pviv n‡Z dzj nq bv Ggb †K¬vb evQvB Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q (wPÎ-11)| wUmÿ KvjPvi
†KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i K¨vjvm KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g ¯^í mg‡q AwaK msL¨K Bÿzi Pviv Drcv`b
Kiv m¤¢e| Drcvw`Z Pviv¸‡jv mvaviYZ gvZ… MvQ n‡Z wfbœ ¸Ym¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K| DbœZ
¸Yv¸Y ev êwkó¨ m¤úbœ AvL RvZ ev Rvg©cøvRg n‡Z K¨vjvm KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g Drcvw`Z
†mvgv‡K¬vb¸‡jvi ga¨ n‡Z DbœZ †K¬vb evQvB ev wbe©vPb K‡i gv‡V cixÿv Kiv nq| hvPvB
evQvB‡qi ci D³ †mvgv‡K¬vb¸‡jv RvZ D™¢ve‡bi cÖv_wgK djb cixÿvq cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
30
D‡jøL¨ †h B‡Zvg‡a¨B RvZ D™¢ve‡bi cÖv_wgK djb cixÿvq wUmÿ KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g
Drcvw`Z †mvgv‡K¬vb mieivn ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wPÎ-5: †QvU cvZvi LÛ‡K K¨vjvm Drcv`‡bi wPÎ-6: cvZvi †QvU LÛ n‡Z Drcvw`Z K¨vjvm
Rb¨ K…wÎg cywó gva¨‡g ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q
wPÎ-7: K¨vjvm n‡Z Drcvw`Z Kzwk

wPÎ-8: Kzwk‡Z wkKo MRv‡bv AbyPviv
wPÎ 9: cwjw_b e¨v‡M †ivcYK…Z gv‡V jvMv‡bvi wPÎ-10: wUmy¨ KvjPv‡ii Drcvw`Z Bÿz gvV
Dc‡hvMx Pviv
31
wPÎ- 11t mcy®úK BÿzRvZ Ck¦i`x 16 (ev‡g) n‡Z K¨vjvm KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g Acy®úK
†mvgv‡K¬vb (Wv‡b) D™¢veb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
K¨vjvm KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g mn‡RB DbœZgv‡bi †ivMgy³ Av‡Li Pviv ˆZix Kiv hvq|
M‡elYvMv‡i ¯^í Li‡P Aí RvqMvq mviv eQi †K¬vb ˆZix Kiv hvq| †K¬vb¸‡jv gvV ch©v‡q
hvPvB evQvB‡qi ci DbœZ ¸Yv¸Y mg„× bZyb RvZ D™¢veb Kiv hvq|
Kg Li‡P †ivMevjvB gy³ Ges Liv I jeYv³Zv mwnòy RvZ D™¢veb Kiv hvq|
Pviv cwienY LiP Kg jv‡M|
Av‡Li ÷K‡jm Pviv

K) cÖhyw³i weeiY
cwj e¨vM Pviv, P‡Ui e¨vM Pviv, exRZjvi Pviv I MvQ Pvivi m‡½ mshy³ AvL LÛ ev`
w`‡q av‡bi Pvivi gZ Pviv Drcv`b Kiv hvq| gv‡V jvMv‡bvi c~‡e© Pvivq GbGG ni‡gvb
0.5% cÖ‡qvM K‡i 48-72 N›Uv ‡i‡L w`‡q Zvici †ivcY Ki†Z nq|
mnR Dcv‡q I ¯^í cwim‡i Kg Li‡P Pviv cwienY Kiv hvq|
Av‡Li †Qveovq gvkiæg Pvl

K) cÖhyw³i weeiY
cÖ_g avct cÖ_g av‡c wcIi KvjPvi I gv`vi KvjPvi Drcv`b Kiv nq| gvkiæ‡gi
Kv‡Ûi b¨vq WvUv Ask n‡Z mvgvb¨ cwigvY wUmy¨ wb‡q wbe©xR cwi‡e‡k (Aseptic
32
condition) Zv wcwWG (PDA) wgwWqv (Avjyi wbh©vm, AvMvi I Møy‡Kv‡Ri mswgkª‡Y cÖ¯‘Z)
Gi g‡a¨ w`‡q wUmy¨ KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g 15-20 w`b BbwKD‡ekb K‡ÿ †i‡L w`‡Z nq| Gi
ci Drcbœ gvB‡mwjqvg wbe©xwRZ M‡g †`qvi 10-15 w`b ci Zv gv`vi KvjPvi wn‡m‡e
eëüZ nq|
wØZxq avct GB av‡c ¯úb (Spawn) e¨vM Drcv`b Kiv nq| evwYwR¨Kfv‡e gvkiæg
Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ c~‡e© Kv‡Vi ¸ov I M‡gi fywl (1:1) mgcwigv‡Y wgwk‡q ¯úb e¨vM ˆZix
Kiv n‡Zv| evsjv‡`k Bÿz M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU Gi M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q PvifvM Av‡Li
†Qveovi mv‡_ GKfvM M‡gi fywl wgwk‡q ¯úb e¨vM n‡Z me©vwaK cwigv‡b DrK…ó gv‡bi
gvkiæg Drcbœ nq Ges GB wgkª‡bi e¨vM n‡ZB jvf cvIqv hvq me‡P‡q †ekx| ¯úb
e¨vM¸‡jvi IRb 500 MÖvg n‡Z 1 †KwR ch©šÍ Kiv hvq| Dc‡iv³ cÖ_g I wØZxq avc `ywU
`ÿ Kg©x‡ì Øviv e¨qeûj hš¿cvwZ eënv‡ii gva¨‡g Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
mnRjf¨ Av‡Li †Qveovq DbœZgv‡bi gvkiæg Pvl K‡i AwaK jvfevb nIqv hvq|
gvkiæg Pvlvev‡ì Rb¨ †Kvb Avev`x Rwgi ìKvi nq bv| emZ evox‡Z gvkiæg Drcbœ
K‡i cwiev‡ii ZvRv mewRi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv hvq cvkvcvwk gwnjv I †eKvi hyeK-hyeZx‡ì
Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó Kiv hvq| Drcvw`Z gvkiæg we‡`‡k ißvwb K‡i ê‡`wkK gy`ªv Avq Kiv
hvq|
Tissue culture
46-73 7-10 days

3-6 days days
Spawn bag Mycelia

MC
15 days
21-42 days
Mushroom Production Cycle
wPÎ: 12 gvkiæg Drcv`b Pµ
Gi Rb¨ GK UvKv e¨q K‡i 11-28 UvKv cvIqv m¤¢e| gwnjvivI N‡i e‡m gvkiæg Pvl
K‡i Av‡qi c_ K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i|
33
w÷wfqvi wUmy¨ KvjPvi Pviv
K) cÖhyw³i weeiY
ni‡gvbhy³ GgGm gva¨g eënvi K‡i AMÖg~Kzj I ce©mwÜLÛi KvjPvi Kiv nq|
RxevYygy³ cwi‡e‡k gva¨‡gi Dci AMÖg~Kzj Ges ce©mwÜLÛ ¯’vcb K‡i wbqwš¿Z cwi‡e‡k
25-30 wWwMÖ †mw›U‡MÖW ZvcgvÎvq Pviv Drcv`b Kiv nq| gv‡V jvMv‡bvi c~‡e© Pviv nv‡W©wbs
K‡i †bIqv nq|
wUmÿ KvjPv‡ii GB c×wZi gva¨‡g `ªæZ w÷wfqvi ‡ivMevjvB gy³ my¯’ I mej Pviv
Drcv`b I we¯Ívi Kiv hvq| ex‡Ri AwZ wbgœ AsKz‡iv`Mg mgm¨v _vKv m‡Ë¡I Pviv Drcv`b
Kiv m¤¢e|
wPÎ:-13 wUmy¨ KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g w÷wfqvi Pviv Drcv`b I Drcvw`Z Pviv `„pKiY (nv‡W©wbs)
Kg Li‡P Pviv Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e| Pviv cwienY LiP Kg jv‡M|
gvwUi U‡e w÷wfqvi Pvl

K) cÖhyw³i weeiY
w÷wfqv gvwUi U‡e Pvl Kiv hvq| U‡e Pv‡li Rb¨ GKwU gvSvwi AvK…wZi
(35†mwg×25†mwg) Ue cÖ‡qvRb| U‡e fivi Rb¨ `yB fvM †`vquvk gvwUi mv‡_ GK fvM
cPv †Mvei mvi wgwk‡q Ue fwZ© Ki‡Z n‡e| U‡e gvwU fivi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb
U‡ei Dc‡i 2.5 †mwg cwigvY RvqMv Lvwj _v‡K| U‡ei wVK gvSLv‡b w÷wfqvi Pviv †ivcY
Ki‡Z n‡e| Pviv †ivc‡Yi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb e¨v‡M Drcvw`Z Pvivi Dc‡ii
¯Í‡ii gvwUi mgvšÍiv‡j gvwU †Ìqv nq| †ivc‡Yi ci Pviv hv‡Z †n‡j bv c‡o †mRb¨ LyuwU
w`‡q †eu‡a w`‡Z n‡e| Pviv †ivc‡Yi ci U‡e wbqwgZ cvwb w`‡Z nq| cvwb †Ìqvi mgq
†Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb Pvivi †Mvovq AwZwi³ cvwb R‡g bv _v‡K| U‡e †ivcYK…Z MvQ
D¤§y³ †iŠ`ªhy³ ¯’v‡b, Qv‡` A_ev eviv›`vq ivLv hvq| eviv›`vq ivL‡j Mv‡Qi e„w×i mgq
cÖwZ 7 w`b ci ci Ue‡K 1800 †Kv‡Y Nywi‡q w`‡Z n‡e| G‡Z MvQ Pvwiw`‡K mgvb fv‡e
e„w× cvq|
34
eQ‡ii †h †Kvb mgqB gvwUi U‡e Ges eviv›`vq w÷wfqvi Pvl Kiv hvq| GKRb
Wvqv‡ewUK †ivMxi Pv cvb Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cvZv GKwU gvwUi U‡e Drcvw`Z MvQ n‡Z
cvIqv m¤¢e|
wPÎ: 14 gvwUi U‡e w÷wfqv

Wvqv‡ewUK †ivMx mn‡RB N‡i e‡m wgwói ¯^v` MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
weGmAviAvB w÷wfqv †iwW wU e¨vM

K) cÖhyw³i weeiY
gv‡V Pvl Ki‡j Avlvp-kªveY gvm n‡Z ïiæ K‡i fv`ª-Avwk¦Y gvm ch©šÍ w÷wfqv MvQ
n‡Z cvZv msMÖn Kiv nq| gvwUi U‡e jvMv‡bv MvQ eo nIqvi ci mviv eQiB cvZv msMÖn
Kiv hvq| GKwU gvwUi U‡e jvMv‡bv MvQ n‡Z 30-40 MÖvg meyR cvZv msMÖn Kiv hvq hv
†_‡K 7-10 MÖvg ïKbv cvZvi ¸ov cvIqv hvq| gv‡V Pvl Ki‡j Mv‡Q dz‡ji Kuywo †`Lv
†Ìqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ cvZv msMÖn ïiæ Ki‡Z nq| mKvj †ejv cvZv msMÖn Ki‡j wgóZv †ekx
cvIqv hvq| Mv‡Qi mg¯Í cvZv `yB/wZb ev‡i msMÖn Kiv nq| weNvcÖwZ 450 †KwR meyR
cvZv cvIqv hvq| cÖwZ weNv Rwg n‡Z 155 †KwR ïKbv cvZvi ¸ov cvIqv m¤¢e| msMÖnK…Z
cvZv †iŠ‡`ª A_ev Qvqv‡Z ïwK‡q Muyov K‡i Pv A_ev Kwdi mv‡_ Ges Ab¨vb¨ wgwó `ª‡e¨
wPwbi e`‡j eënvi Kiv nq| GK Kvd Pv A_ev Kwdi Rb¨ 0.20 MÖvg ev GK wPgwU
cwigvY w÷wfqv cvZvi ¸uovB h‡_ó| Pv ˆZwii mgq w÷wfqvi Muyov cwigvY gZ cvwbi mv‡_
wgwk‡q 15-20 wgwbU a‡i dzUv‡Z n‡e| D³ w÷wfqv ¸uov wgwkªZ dzUv‡bv cvwb w`‡q
mvaviYfv‡e Pv ev Kwd ‰Zwii gZ K‡i Pv ev Kwd ˆZwi K‡i cvb Ki‡Z nq| Ab¨vb¨ wgwó
RvZxq `ªe¨ ˆZixi †ÿ‡Î wPwbi Abycv‡Z A_v©r wPwbi cwie‡Z© 30-40 fv‡Mi GK fvM
cwigvY w÷wfqvi ïK‡bv cvZvi ¸ov eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
35
Pv‡qi Kv‡c Mig cvwb‡Z GKwU wU e¨vM eënvi K‡i mn‡R Pv ˆZix K‡i cvb Kiv
hvq| K¨vjwi gy³ Wvqv‡ewUK Pv i‡³i kK©iv wbqš¿Y K‡i|
wPÎ: 15 weGmAviAvB w÷wfqv wU-e¨vM

Wvqv‡ewUK †ivMxiv wgwó Pv cvb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
weGmAviAvB w÷wfqv cvDWvi

K) cÖhyw³i weeiY
Kiv hvq| GKwU gvwUi U‡e jvMv‡bv MvQ n‡Z 30-40 MÖvg meyR cvZv msMÖn Kiv hvq hv
†_‡K 7-10 MÖvg ïKbv cvZvi ¸ov cvIqv hvq| gv‡V Pvl Ki‡j Mv‡Q dz‡ji Kuywo †`Lv
†Ìqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ cvZv msMÖn ïiæ Ki‡Z nq| mKvj †ejv cvZv msMÖn Ki‡j wgóZv †ekx
cvIqv hvq| Mv‡Qi mg¯Í cvZv `yB/wZb ev‡i msMÖn Kiv nq| weNvcÖwZ 450 †KwR meyR
cvZv cvIqv hvq| cÖwZ weNv Rwg n‡Z 155 †KwR ïKbv cvZvi ¸ov cvIqv m¤¢e|
wPwbi weKí wnmv‡e 30 fv‡Mi GKfvM eënvi K‡i Pv Ges wgwó Lvevi ˆZix Kiv
hvq| K¨vjwi gy³ Wvqv‡ewUK wgwó i‡³i kK©iv wbqš¿Y K‡i|
Wvqv‡ewUK ‡ivMx Pv ˆZix‡Z wgwói weKí wnmv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
weGmAviAvB w÷wfqv U¨ve‡jU

K) cÖhyw³i weeiY
Kiv hvq| GKwU gvwUi U‡e jvMv‡bv MvQ n‡Z 30-40 MÖvg meyR cvZv msMÖn Kiv nq hv
n‡Z 7-10 MÖvg ïKbv cvZvi ¸ov cvIqv hvq| cÖ¯‘ZK…Z cvZvi ¸ov w`‡q w÷wfqv U¨ve‡jU
ˆZwi Kiv nq| Pv‡qi Kv‡c Mig cvwb‡Z GKwU weGmAviAvB w÷wfqv U¨ve‡jU eënvi
K‡i mn‡R Pv ˆZix K‡i cvb Kiv hvq|
36
L) cÖhyw³i ‰ewkó¨
w÷wfqv U¨ve‡jU eënvi K‡i mn‡R Pv ˆZix Kiv hvq hv K¨vjwi gy³ Wvqv‡ewUK wgwó|
w÷wfqv U¨ve‡jU i‡³i kK©iv wbqš¿Y K‡i|
Wvqv‡ewUK †ivMx Pv ˆZix‡Z wgwói weKí wnmv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
mnR Dcv‡q Av‡Li weï× wWGbG c„_KxKiY|

K) cÖhyw³i weeiY
mivmwi gvV ‡_‡K Av‡Li WMv msMÖn K‡i mnR jf¨ hš¿cvwZ I ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ eënvi K‡i
Av‡Li weï× wWGbG c„_KxKiY Kiv nq hv Av‡Li wWGbG wd½viwcÖw›Us Gi Kv‡R eënvi
Kiv nq|
Ck¦i`x 33
Ck¦i`x 30
Ck¦i`x 35
Ck¦i`x 28
Ck¦i`x 20
Ck¦i`x 25
Ck¦i`x 29
Ck¦i`x 31
Ck¦i`x 16
Ck¦i`x 19
gvK©vi
gvK©vi
200 wewc- -200 wewc
wPÎ: weGmAviAvB KZ…©K Aegy³ Bÿz RvZ mg~‡ni wWGbG wdsMviwcÖw›Us
37
Ck¦i`x 38
Ck¦i`x 37
Ck¦i`x 40
Ck¦i`x 36
Ck¦i`x 39
gvK©vi
gvK©vi
wPÎ: weGmAviAvB KZ…©K Aegy³ Bÿz RvZ mg~‡ni wWGbG wdsMviwcÖw›Us
Zij bvB‡Uªv‡Rb eënvi e¨wZ‡i‡K wWGbG c„_KxKiY c×wZ| †QvÆ †mw›UªwdDR hš¿
eënvi K‡i ZvcgvÎv wbqš¿Y QvovB wWGbG c„_KxKiY Kiv nq| cieZ©x eënv‡ii Rb¨
h‡_ó cwigvb weï× wWGbG c„_KxKiY Kiv hvq|
AvBbMZfv‡e Bÿz RvZ mbv³KiY Gi Rb¨ G cÖhyw³ eëüZ nq|
wUmy¨ KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g †ìx‡Z dzj Drcv`bÿg w÷wfqvi D™¢veb

K) cÖhyw³i weeiY
RxevYygy³ wbqwš¿Z cwi‡e‡k ni‡gvbhy³ cywó gva¨‡gi Dci AMÖgyKzj, cÎLÛ, ce©ga¨
Ges ce©mwÜLÛ ¯’vcb K‡i 25-30 wWwMÖ †mw›U‡MÖW ZvcgvÎvq Pviv Drcv`b Kiv nq|
†ekx djb †`qvq †ekx jvfevb nIqv hvq|
wówfqvi Kzwk n‡Z Pviv Drcv`b

K) cÖhyw³i weeiY
gv‡V jvMv‡bv wówfqvi MvQ n‡Z 4/5wU ce©mwÜ I cvZvmn Kzwk msMÖn K‡i KvwUs ˆZix
Kiv nq| ce©mwÜi ÿz`ª Kzwk †i‡L †evUvmn cvZv †K‡U †d‡j wfRv evwj‡Z bx‡Pi w`‡Ki
38
`yBwU ce©mwÜ evwji bx‡P †i‡L †mvRv K‡i †X‡K †Ìqv nq| c‡bi w`‡bi g‡a¨ KvwUs G
wkKo MwR‡q Pviv‡Z cwiYZ nq|
cÖvK…wZK fv‡e mdjfv‡e wówfqvi Pviv Drcv`b c×wZ|
Kg Li‡P Pviv Drcv`b Kiv hvq|
wUmy¨KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g jeYv³Zv mwnòz K¨vjvm n‡Z Av‡Li Pviv Drcv`b

K) cÖhyw³i weeiY
RxevYygy³ wbqwš¿Z cwi‡e‡k ni‡gvbhy³ GgGm gva¨‡g 100 wgwj‡gvj jeY eënvi
K‡i cÎ LÛ KvjPv‡ii gva¨‡g 25-30 wWwMÖ †mw›U‡MÖW ZvcgvÎvq Pviv Drcv`b Kiv nq|
gv‡V jvMv‡bvi c~‡e© Pviv nv‡W©wbs K‡i †bIqv nq|
Kg Li‡P jeYv³Zv mwnòy Bÿz RvZ D™¢veb †KŠkj|
39
K…wlZZ¡ I dvwg©s wm‡÷g wefvM
Bÿz Pv‡l dmj ch©vq

K. cvU-AvL- gywo AvL;
L. cvU- gvmKvjvB- AvL-gywo AvL;
M. cvU- (AvL+ mv_xdmj)-gywo AvL;
N. †evbv/ †ivcv AvDk- AvL- gywo AvL;
O. †evbv/ †ivcv AvDk- (AvL+ mv_xdmj)- gywo AvL;
P. cvU- (†Rvovmvwi‡Z AvL+1g mv_xdmj- 2q mv_xdmj)- gywo AvL- gywo AvL;
Q. gyMWvj-cwZZ/ meyR mvi- AvL
cÖavb êwkó¨
• gvwUi De©iZv msiÿYmn cywó Dcv`vb eënvi h‡_vchy³ nq d‡j Av‡Li djb Ges
¸YMZ gvb e„w× cvq|
• mv_xdmj wn‡m‡e gyMWvj Pv‡l Rwgi De©iZv kw³ e„w× Ges Wvjdmj Drcv`b Kiv
m¤¢e nq| ZvB cªhyw³wU weGmAviAvB Lvgv‡i cÖPjb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
AvMvg AvL Pv‡li mv‡_ mv_xdmj Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g AšÍ©eZ©xKvjxb Avw_©K jvf m¤¢e nq,
djb e„w× cvq|
Bÿz †ivc‡Yi mgq
K. AvMvg †ivcY t AvM÷-†m‡Þ¤î gv‡m †ivcY Ki‡j AwaK A¼z‡iv˜Mg, Kywk I
gvovB‡hvM¨ AvL †ewk Drcvw`Z nq|
L. ga¨g †ivcY t A‡±vei-wW‡m¤^‡i †ivcv c×wZ‡Z AvL Pvl DËg Ges
M. bvwe †ivcY t †deªæqvix- GwcÖ‡j †ivcv c×wZ‡ZI AvL Pvl Kiv m¤¢e|
cÖavb êwkó¨
• AvMvg AvL Pvl Av‡Li djb e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ mv_xdmj Pv‡li my‡hvM e„w× cvq|
kZKiv 30-50 fvM djb e„w× cvq| AwZwi³ Av‡qi ms¯’vb nq|
†ivcv c×wZ‡Z (STP) AvL Pvl
• cÖPwjZ c×wZ‡Z AvL Pvl Ki‡j Kg A¼z‡iv˜M‡gi Rb¨ Kvw•LZ msL¨K gvovB‡hvM¨
AvL Drcv`b wbwðZ Kiv hvq bv|
• mivmwi exRLÛ gv‡V †ivc‡Yi cwie‡Z© Pviv †ivcY Kivq Pviv¸wji g‡a¨ mywbw`©ó I
mgvb `~iZ¡ eRvq †i‡L cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K gvovB‡hvM¨ Bÿz Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g Bÿzi
djb e„w× Kiv hvq|
cÖavb êwkó¨
• exR AvL mvkªq nq|
• mv_xdmj Drcv`b myweavRbK nq|
40
• †ivcv c×wZ AvMvg AvL Pvl wbwðZ K‡i Ges †cvKv-gvKo I †ivM evjvB Gi
AvµgY Kg nq| Av‡Li Drcv`b e„w× cvq|
Kvw•LZ msL¨K gvZ… MvQ wbwðZ nIqvq AwaK msL¨K Kzwk I gvovB‡hvM¨ AvL Drcvw`Z
nq Ges Aemi mg‡q Pviv Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g Kg©ms¯’v‡bi m„wó K‡i| cÖwZ UvKv LiP K‡i
2.25 UvKv cvIqv hvq|
wewfbœ ai‡Yi exRLÛ/Pviv

K wZb †PvL wewkó exR AvL LÛ
L. `yB †PvL wewkó exR AvL LÛ
M. e¨vM Pviv
N. GK †PvL wewkó m‡qj †eW Pviv
O. `yB †PvL wewkó m‡qj †eW Pviv
P. MvQ Pviv (ivBDbMvb)
Q. j¨v‡Uivj myU
R. ÷K‡jm Pviv
S. evWwPc Pviv
cÖavb êwkó¨
• mbvZb c×wZ‡Z wZb †PvL wewkó exR AvL LÛ †_‡K `yB †PvL wewkó exR AvL L‡Ûi
A¼z‡iv˜Mg nvi cÖvq wØ¸Y d‡j gvovB‡hvM¨ AvL I djb †ekx nq|
• wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z †ivcv Av‡Li Rb¨ Pviv Drcv`b Kiv hvq Z‡e e¨vMPviv c×wZ DËg|
†ivcv c×wZ‡Z exR Av‡Li LiP Kg nq| gvovB‡hvM¨ AvL I djb cÖvq wØ¸Y e„w× cvq|
†mP myweav _vK‡j †eW Pviv c×wZ mbvZb c×wZi †P‡q fvj Ges AwaK djb †`q|
wPÎ: wewfbœ ai‡bi exRLÛ I Pviv
41
†ivc‡Yi `~iZ¡/gvZ… Mv‡Qi NbZ¡
K. GKmvwi mbvZb c×wZ
1. AvMvg †ivcY (kir Kvjt AvM÷-†m‡Þ¤î) t mvwi †_‡K mvwi 100 †mwg; 2 †PvL
wewkó exR LÛ 30 †mwg, cici
2. ga¨g †ivcY (†ngšÍ Kvjt A‡±vie-wW‡m¤î)t mvwi †_‡K mvwi 100 †mwg; 2 ev
3 †PvL wewkó exR LÛ gv_vq gv_vq
3. bvwe †ivcY (emšÍ Kvjt †deªæqvix-GwcÖj) t mvwi †_‡K mvwi 75 †mwg; 3 †PvL
wewkó exR LÛ †òv c×wZ‡Z
L GKmvwi †ivcv c×wZ
1. AvMvg †ivcY (kir Kvj t AvM÷-†m‡Þ¤î) t mvwi †_‡K mvwi 100 †mwg; Pviv
†_‡K Pviv 60 †mwg (16,667Pviv/†nt)
2. ga¨g †ivcY (†ngšÍ Kvj t A‡±vie-wW‡m¤î) t mvwi †_‡K mvwi 100 †mwg; Pviv
†_‡K Pviv 45 †mwg (22,223 Pviv/†nt)
3. bvwe †ivcY (emšÍ Kvj t †deªæqvix-GwcÖj) t mvwi †_‡K mvwi 100 †mwg; Pviv
†_‡K Pviv 30 †mwg (44,445 Pviv/†nt)
wPÎ : GKmvwi †ivcv c×wZ‡Z Bÿz Pvl
M. †Rvovmvwi c×wZ
1. AvMvg †ivcY (kir Kvj t AvM÷-†m‡Þ¤î) t (140 †mwg + 60 †mwg) × 30
†mwg = 33,333 Pviv/†nt
2. ga¨g †ivcY (†ngšÍ Kvj t A‡±vei-wW‡m¤ei) t (120 †mwg + 60 †mwg) × 30
†mwg =37,037 Pviv/ †nt
3. bvwe †ivcY (emšÍ Kvj t †deªæqvix-GwcÖj) t (150 †mwg + 45 †mwg) × 30
†mwg; = 44,445 Pviv/ †nt
42
†ivcYKvj †f‡` cÖ‡qvRbxq `~i‡Z¡ Bÿz †ivcY K‡i djb e„w× Kiv m¤¢e| G‡Z Drcv`b
LiP K‡g hvq Ges jvf †ekx nq|
wPÎ : †Rvovmvwi †ivcv c×wZ‡Z Bÿz Pvl
M¨vc wdwjs
mbvZb c×wZ‡Z `yBwU cvkvcvwk Pvivi g‡a¨ 30 †mwg Gi AwaK duvKv _vK‡j Av‡Li djb
K‡g hvq| Pviv †ivc‡Yi 20/25 w`b ci GKB eq‡mi cwje¨v‡Mi Pviv w`‡q M¨vc c~iY
Ki‡j Av‡Li djb e„w× cvq|
cÖavb êwkó¨
Av‡Li Rwg‡Z Kvw•LZ msL¨K gvZ… MvQ wbwðZ Kivi gva¨‡g Av‡Li Drcv`b e„w× cvq|
G‡Z Av‡Li djb 20-25% e„w× cvq|
mv_xdm‡ji c¨v‡KR
K. GKmvwi Av‡Li mv‡_ GKwU mv_xdmj Pvl Kiv hvq, †hgb- (Avjy/wcuqvR/imyb/
euvavKwc/dyjKwc/eªKwj/MvRi/cvjskvK/g~jv/gmyi/†Qvjv/mwilv/†Lmvwi/gvmKjvB/
gUiïwU/awbqv)
L. †Rvovmvwi Av‡Li mv‡_ `ywU mv_xdmj Pvl Kiv hvq, †hgb- cÖ_g mv_xdmj;
Avjy / wcu q vR/imy b /eu v avKwc/dz j Kwc/eª K wj/MvRi/cvjskvK/g~ j v/wMgvKjgx/
gyMweb/gmyi/†Qvjv/gUiïwU/†Lmvwi/gvmKjvB/mwilv/KvjwRiv/ wdwiw½/awbqv BZ¨vw`
M. wØZxq mv_xdmj t gyMWvj/wZj/jvjkvK/wMgvKjgx/WvUvkvK meyR mvi wnmv‡et âÂv
/mbcvU/ KvDwc/ bxj BZ¨vw`
cÖavb êwkó¨
• GKmvwi c×wZ‡Z GKwU mv_xdmj Pvl Kiv hvq Ges Av‡Li dj‡b †Kvb cÖfve c‡o
bv| A‡bK‡ÿ‡Î Av‡Li djb e„w× cvq|
43
• †Rvovmvwi c×wZ‡Z 1g mv_xdmj †Zvjvi ci 2q mv_xdmj Pvl Kiv hvq| Av‡Li
dj‡b †Kvb cÖfve c‡o bv| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î Av‡Li djb e„w× cvq Ges mw¤§wjZ djb
ïay Av‡Li †P‡q A‡bK †ekx|
• mv_xdmj Pv‡li d‡j cÖavb dm‡ji mv‡_ evowZ Avq cvIqv hvq|
wPÎ: Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdmj mwilv wPÎ: Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdmj gmyi
wPÎ: Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdmj KvjwRiv wPÎ: Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdmj Avjy
wPÎ: Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdmj euvavKwc wPÎ: Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdmj dzjKwc
44
wPÎ: Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdmj MvRi wPÎ: Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdmj cvjskvK
wPÎ: Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdmj wcuqvR (evj¦) wPÎ: Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdmj wZwm
wPÎ: Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdmj gyjv wPÎ: Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdmj eªKwj
AvMvQv eë¯’vcbv
†ivc‡Yi ci 45 †_‡K 135 w`b ch©šÍ Av‡Li Rwg AvMvQv gy³ ivLv n‡j Av‡Li m‡Ÿ©v”P
djb cvIqv hvq
cÖavb êwkó¨
• cwiPh©v c×wZ t cÖwZ gv‡m GKevi AvMvQv `gb Ki‡Z n‡e
• ivmvqwbK c×wZ t AvMvQvbvkK eënvi K‡iI AvL †ÿ‡Zi AvMvQv `gb Kiv m¤¢e|
AvMvQvbvkK KgvÛ 4 Bwm (Command 4 EC) @ 3000 wgwj/†nt Ges ib÷vi
45
(Ronstar) @ 2000 wgwj/ †nt Av‡Li Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvM K‡i mdjfv‡e AvMvQv `gb
Kiv hvq|
• AvMvQv mgqgZ `gb bv Ki‡j 25-40% djb K‡g hvq|
wWUªvwms (giv cvZv cwi¯‹vi Kiv)

cÖavb êwkó¨
• Av‡Li giv cvZv cwi®‹vi Ki‡j †cvKv I †iv‡Mi AvµgY Kg nq Av‡Li †n‡j cov
†iva nq, Kv‡Ûi is D¾¡j nq Ges Av‡Li ¸YMZ gvb e„w× cvq|
• djb I wPwb AvniY nvi e„w× cvq d‡j Avq †ekx nq|
gywo AvL eë¯’vcbv

g~j AvL KZ©‡bi c‡i GKB ¯’v‡b GKvwaK evi gywo Av‡Li Pvl m¤¢e|
cÖavb êwkó¨/KiYxq
• fvj gywo nq Ggb RvZ wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e
• AvL AvMvg KZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e
• g~j AvL KZ©‡bi ciciB †gv_v¸wj fvjfv‡e †Qu‡U w`‡Z n‡e
• gywo AvL †ÿ‡Z M¨vc c~i‡Yi Rb¨ c~‡e©B Drcvw`Z Pviv w`‡q M¨vc c~iY K‡i w`‡Z
n‡e| G‡Z 25% †ekx djb cvIqv hvq
• gywo AvL Pv‡li Rb¨ mbvZb c×wZi cwie‡Z© †ivcv c×wZ‡Z g~j AvL Pvl Ki‡Z n‡e
• †n±‡i 10-15 Ub †Mvei mvi A_ev 450 †KwR ˆLj eënvi Ki‡j fvj djb cvIqv hvq
• g~j Av‡Li †P‡q †n±i cÖwZ 100 †KwR BDwiqv †ekx cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e
• †m‡Pi myweav _vK‡j gywo Av‡Li mv‡_ mv_xdmj Pvl Kiv hvq|
gywo AvL Pv‡l g~j Av‡Li Zzjbvq 25-30% Drcv`b e¨q Kg nq| gywo AvL AvMvg
cwic°Zv jvf K‡i I G‡Z wPwb Avni‡Yi nvi 0.5-1% e„w× cvq| gywo AvL Pvl AwaK
jvfRbK|
wPÎ: gywo AvL Pvl

46
av‡bi mv‡_ Av‡Li wi‡j Pvl
1. †ivcv Avgb+AvL+Avjy-gywoAvL
2. †ivcv Avgb+ (†Rvovmvwi AvL+Avjy-gyM)- gywoAvL
cÖavb êwkó¨
avb KvUvi c~‡e©B GKB Rwg‡Z AvL †ivcY Kiv nq d‡j AvMvg AvL Pvl wbwðZ Kiv
hvq Ges avb KvUvi ci GK ev GKvwaK mv_xdmj djv‡bv hvq|
AvMvg AvL Pv‡li d‡j AvL I mv_xdm‡ji djb e„w× cvq d‡j K…lK Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb
nq|
wPÎ: av‡bi mv‡_ Av‡Li wi‡j Pvl
wPišÍbx c×wZ‡Z Bÿz Pvl

wPišÍbx c×wZ‡Z GKB Rwg‡Z cÖ_g eQi mv_xdmjmn g~j AvL Ges wØZxq I Z…Zxq eQi
mv_xdmjmn gywo AvL Pvl Kivi ci PZz_© eQ‡i (wØZxq Avev` P‡µ) H Rwg‡Z ¯’vb
cwieZ©b K‡i Av‡Li RvqMvq mv_xdmj Ges mv_xdm‡ji RvqMvq AvL Avev` Kiv nq|
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZ 3 eQi cici Av‡Li RvqMvq mv_xdmj Ges mv_xdm‡ji RvqMvq AvL Pvl K‡i
avivevwnKfv‡e GKB Rwg‡Z `xN©w`b AvL Pvl Kiv m¤¢e|
G c×wZ‡Z Rwgi eënvi h‡_vchy³ nq, AvL I GKvwaK mv_xdmj Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g
Avw_©K jvf †ewk nq|
wPwe‡q LvIqv I im ˆZixi Rb¨ AvL Pvl

wPwe‡q LvIqv I im Drcv`b Dc‡hvMx Bÿzi evwYwR¨K Pvl|
47
cÖavb êwkó¨
• emZevoxi Av‡k cv‡k mxwgZ cwigvY De©i Rwg‡ZI G RvZxq AvL Pvl Kiv hvq|
• Av‡Li im cywóKi Ges D”P K¨vjwim¤úbœ ZvB K¬vwšÍ †gvPb Ges ZvrÿwYK kw³
†hvMvq|
wPwe‡q LvIqvi Rb¨ eëüZ AvL Pvl LyeB jvfRbK hZœ mnKv‡i Pvl Kiv n‡j Ab¨ †h
†Kvb dm‡ji Zzjbvq AwaK cwigvY A_© DcvR©b Kiv m¤¢e|
wPÎ: wPwe‡q LvIqv AvL
†Rvovmvwi Av‡Li mv‡_ cÖ_g mv_xdmj Mg Ges wØZxq mv_xdmj gyMWvj Pvl
cÖavb êwkó¨
• †Rvovmvwi c×wZ‡Z jvfRbKfv‡e cÖ_g mv_xdmj Mg Ges wØZxq mv_xdmj gyMWvj
Pvl Kiv hvq
• †Rvovmvwi c×wZ‡Z Mg I gyMWvj Pv‡li gva¨‡g Rwgi m‡e©vËg eënv‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_
`vbv I Wvj RvZxq dm‡ji Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv m¤¢e|
G cÖhyw³‡Z 1.00 UvKv LiP K‡i 2.16 UvKv jvf cvIqv hvq|
48
wPÎ: †Rvovmvwi Av‡Li mv‡_ cÖ_g mv_xdmj Mg
†Rvovmvwi Av‡Li mv‡_ cÖ_g mv_xdmj cvU (exR Drcv`‡bi Rb¨) Ges
wØZxq mv_xdmj gyMWvj Pvl
cÖavb êwkó¨
• †Rvovmvwi c×wZ‡Z cÖ_g mv_xdmj cvU (exR Drcv`‡bi Rb¨) Ges wØZxq mv_xdmj
gyMWvj jvfRbKfv‡e Pvl Kiv hvq
• †Rvovmvwi c×wZ‡Z cÖ_g mv_xdmj wnmv‡e cvU (exR) Ges wØZxq mv_xdmj gyMWvj
Pv‡li gva¨‡g cv‡Ui exR Ges Wvj RvZxq dm‡ji Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv m¤¢e|
G cÖhyw³‡Z 1.00 UvKv LiP K‡i 2.48 UvKv jvf cvIqv hvq|
wPÎ: Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdmj cvU exR
evsjv‡`‡k UªwcK¨vj myMviweU Pvlvev`

we‡k¦ mvaviYZ Bÿz I myMviweU †_‡K wPwb Drcv`b Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gvb
wPwbKjmg~‡n wKQz AwZwi³ hš¿cvwZ ms‡hvRb K‡i UªwcK¨vj myMviweU †_‡KI wPwb
49
Drcv`b Kiv hv‡e| †ek wKQzw`b M‡elYv Kvh© cwiPvjbv K‡i †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b we‡kl
K‡i wPwbKj I jeYv³ GjvKvq UªwcK¨vj myMviweU Pvlvev` m¤¢e e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q|
myMviweU GKwU g~j RvZxq km¨ nIqvq †`v-Avk I †e‡j-†`v-Avk gvwU G dm‡ji Rb¨
DËg| dmjwU jebv³ GjvKvqI Pvl Kiv hvq| DËgiƒ‡c Rwg ˆZwi K‡i 50 †mwg. `~‡i
jvBb K‡i 20 †mwg. ci ci exR ecb Ki‡Z n‡e| A‡±vei-b‡f¤î gv‡m exR ecb Ki‡j
5-51-2 gvm c‡i myMviexU D‡Ëvjb Kiv hv‡e| mycwiKwíZ K…wlZvwË¡K eë¯’vcbv, KxUbvkK
I evjvBbvkK eënvi K‡i Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq †mP cÖ‡qvM K‡i †n±i cÖwZ 70-80 Ub
myMviexU Drcv`b Kiv hvq| Drcvw`Z ex‡U wPwbi cwigvY 12-14%|
wPÎ: myMviweU Pvl
†Rvovmvwi Av‡Li mv‡_ cÖ_g mv_xdmj U‡g‡Uv Ges wØZxq mv_xdmj gyMWvj Pvl
cÖavb êwkó¨
†Rvovmvwi c×wZ‡Z jvfRbKfv‡e cÖ_g mv_xdmj U‡g‡Uv Ges wØZxq mv_xdmj
gyMWvj Pvl Kiv hvq
†Rvovmvwi c×wZ‡Z U‡g‡Uv I gyMWvj Pv‡li gva¨‡g Rwgi m‡e©vËg eënv‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_
mewR I Wvj RvZxq dm‡ji Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv m¤¢e|
G cÖhyw³‡Z 1 UvKv LiP K‡i 3.80 UvKv jvf cvIqv hvq|
50
wPÎ: †Rvovmvwi Av‡Li mv‡_ cÖ_g mv_xdmj U‡g‡Uv
wPÎ: †Rvovmvwi Av‡Li mv‡_ wØZxq mv_xdmj gyMWvj
†Rvovmvwi Av‡Li mv‡_ cÖ_g mv_xdmj wcuqvR (exR Drcv`‡bi Rb¨) Ges
wØZxq mv_xdmj meyRmvi Pvl
cÖavb êwkó¨
• †Rvovmvwi c×wZ‡Z cÖ_g mv_xdmj wcuqvR (exR Drcv`‡bi Rb¨) Ges wØZxq
mv_xdmj meyRmvi jvfRbKfv‡e Pvl Kiv hvq
• †Rvovmvwi c×wZ‡Z cÖ_g mv_xdmj wnmv‡e wcuqvR (exR) Ges wØZxq mv_xdmj
meyRmvi Pv‡li gva¨‡g wcuqv‡Ri ex‡Ri Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv m¤¢e Ges gvwUi De©iZv e„w×
Kiv hvq|
G cÖhyw³‡Z 1 UvKv LiP K‡i 2.48 UvKv jvf cvIqv hvq|
51
wPÎ: †Rvovmvwi Av‡Li mv‡_ cÖ_g mv_xdmj wcqvR (exR)
wPÎ: †Rvovmvwi Av‡Li mv‡_ wØZxq mv_xdmj meyRmvi (âÂv)
52
kvixiZË¡ I wPwb imvqb wefvM
Liv mwnòz BÿzRvZ evQvBKiY

cÖhyw³i weeiY t evsjv‡`‡ki LivcÖeY GjvKvq Avev‡ì Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx BÿzRvZ evQvB Ges
Aegyw³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Liv mwnòz RvZmg~n t Ck¦i`x 20, Ck¦i`x 35, Ck¦i`x 36, Ck¦i`x 37, Ck¦i`x 38,
Ck¦i`x 39 Ges Ck¦i`x 40 |
êwkó¨mg~n
1| Liv KewjZ GjvKvq Avev` Kiv hvq|
2| `ªæZ ew×©òz|
3| cwi‡ek evÜe|
Liv GjvKv‡ZI Bÿz AwaK djb †`q| K…l‡Ki Avq cvq| d‡j K…lK Avw_©Kfv‡e AwaK
jvfevb nq|
wPÎ t Liv mwnòz BÿzRvZ evQvBKiY (wcwfwm wPÎ t Liv mwnòz BÿzRvZ evQvBKiY M‡elYv gvV
cvBc, weGmAviAvB) (†Mv`vMvox, ivRkvnx)
Rjve×Zv mwnòz BÿzRvZ evQvBKiY

cÖhyw³i weeiY
evsjv‡`‡ki Rjve×Zv KewjZ GjvKvq Avev‡ì Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx BÿzRvZ evQvB Ges
Aegy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Rjve×Zv mwnòz RvZmg~n t Ck¦i`x 20, Ck¦i`x 32, Ck¦i`x 34, Ck¦i`x 35,
Ck¦i`x 36, Ck¦i`x 37, Ck¦i`x 38, Ck¦i`x 39 Ges Ck¦i`x 40 |
êwkó¨mg~n
1| Rjve× GjvKvq Avev` Kiv hvq|
53
3| cwi‡ek evÜe|
Rjve× GjvKv‡ZI Bÿz AwaK djb †`q| K…l‡Ki ew×©Z Avq nq d‡j K…lK Avw_©Kfv‡e
AwaK jvfevb nq|
wPÎ t Rjve×Zv mwnòz BÿzRvZ evQvBKiY (cvwbi wPÎ t K…l‡Ki Rwg‡Z Rjve×Zv mwnòz BÿzRvZ
U¨vsK, weGmAviAvB) evQvBKiY
wPÎ t Rjve×Zv mwnòz BÿzRv‡Z Drcbœ cÖvBgiwWqvj IqvUvi iæU Ges Zvi µm †mKkvb
eb¨v mwnòz BÿzRvZ evQvBKiY

cÖhyw³i weeiY
evsjv‡`‡ki eb¨v KewjZ GjvKvq Avev‡ì Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx BÿzRvZ evQvB Ges Aegy³ Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
eb¨v mwnòz RvZmg~n t Ck¦i`x 20, Ck¦i`x 32, Ck¦i`x 34, Ck¦i`x 35, Ck¦i`x 36,
Ck¦i`x 37, Ck¦i`x 38, Ck¦i`x 39 Ges Ck¦i`x 40 |
êwkó¨mg~n
1| eb¨v KewjZ GjvKvq Avev` Kiv hvq|
3| cwi‡ek evÜe|
eb¨v cÖeY GjvKv‡ZI Bÿz AwaK djb †`q| K…l‡Ki ew×©Z Avq nq d‡j K…lK Avw_©Kfv‡e
AwaK jvfevb nq|
54
wPÎ t cvwbi U¨vs‡K eb¨v mwnòz BÿzRvZ wPÎ t K…l‡Ki Rwg‡Z eb¨v mwnòz BÿzRvZ
evQvBKiY (weGmAviAvB) evQvBKiY (PzbviæNvU, nweMÄ)
wPÎ t eb¨v mwnòz BÿzRv‡Z Drcbœ cÖvBgiwWqvj IqvUvi iæU Ges Zvi µm †mKkvb
jeYv³Zv mwnòz BÿzRvZ evQvBKiY

cÖhyw³i weeiY
evsjv‡`‡ki jeYv³Zv GjvKvq Pvl Dc‡hvMx BÿzRvZ evQvB I Aegy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
jeYv³Zv mwnòz RvZmg~n t Ck¦i`x 2/54, Ck¦i`x 28, Ck¦i`x 39 Ges Ck¦i`x 40
êwkó¨mg~n
1| jeYv³ GjvKvq Avev`‡hvM¨|
2| jeYv³ GjvKvq `ªæZ ew×©òz|
3| cwi‡ek evÜe|
jeYv³ Rwg‡ZI AwaK djb †`q| K…l‡Ki Avq e„w× cvq d‡j K…lK Avw_©Kfv‡e AwaK
jvfevb nq|
55
wPÎ t K…l‡Ki Rwg‡Z jeYv³Zv mwnòz BÿzRvZ evQvBKiY (†ZiLv`v, Lyjbv)
Liv, eb¨v I Rjve×Zv cxwoZ Bÿz Drcv`b eë¯’vcbv

cÖhyw³i weeiY t 1| Mfxi bvjvq Bÿz †ivcY, bvjvq giv cvZv w`‡q †X‡K †Ìqv Ges
Liv PjvKvjxb mg‡q Bÿzi cvZv KZ©b Bÿzi Livi ÿwZ †iva K‡i|
2| Rjve×/eb¨v KewjZ Bÿzi kZKiv 50 fvM giv cvZv Qvwo‡q w`‡j
AwaK djb Ges wPwb/¸o AvniY nvi e„w× cvq|
êwkó¨mg~n
1| Pi I eb¨v cÖeY bxPz GjvKvq Bÿzi Avev` m¤¢e n‡e|
3| cwi‡ek evÜe|
Bÿzi djb Ges wPwb/¸o AvniY nvi e„w× K‡i| K…l‡Ki Avq e„w× cvq|
Bÿzi AsKz‡iv`Mg mgm¨v I Zvi mgvavb
cÖhyw³i weeiY t 1| ZvcgvÎv 200 †m. bx‡P †b‡g †M‡j A¼z‡iv`Mg nvi
D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e K‡g hvq|
2| wZb †PvL wewkó exR Bÿz 24-36 N›Uv cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q A_ev
40-500 †m. ZvcgvÎvq 30 wgwbU wm× K‡i A_ev exR Bÿz 5-7
w`b ïwK‡q I exR ˆZixi ci 12-24 N›Uv cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q †ivcY
Ki‡j A¼z‡iv`Mg nvi e„w× K‡i|
êwkó¨mg~n
1| A¼z‡iv`Mg nvi e„w× nq|
2| ZvcgvÎv 200 †m. Gi bx‡P †b‡g †M‡jI Bÿz †ivcY m¤¢e|
3| G cÖhyw³ cÖ‡qvM mnR|
4| cwi‡ek evÜe|
A¼z‡iv`Mg †ekx nIqvi Kvi‡Y Rwg‡Z M¨vc Kg nq I djb †ekx nq| K…l‡Ki Avq e„w×
cvq|
56
Bÿzi bvex Kzwk I cvZv eë¯’vcbv
cÖhyw³i weeiY t 1| Bÿzi cÖwZwU Sv‡o 5-6 wU Kzwk †i‡L GwcÖj/†g gv‡m bvex Kzwk I
cyivZb cvZv †K‡U w`‡Z n‡e|
2| KvUv bvex Kzwk I cvZv †Mv-Lv`¨ wnmv‡e eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
êwkó¨mg~n
1| bvex Kzwk Ges cyivZb cvZv †K‡U w`‡j djb 10-15% e„w× cvq|
2| bvex Kzwk I cyivZb cvZv †K‡U w`‡j †cvKv gvKo, †ivM evjvB Kg nq|
4| cwi‡ek evÜe|
Bÿz Pvlxiv 10-15% AwaK djb †c‡Z cv‡i| wPwb/¸o AvniY nvi 0.3-1% †ekx nq|
d‡j wPwbKj I ¸o cÖ¯‘ZKvixMY jvfevb nq|
DbœZ ¸o Drcv`b Dc‡hvMx BÿzRvZ evQvBKiY

cÖhyw³i weeiY t DbœZ ¸o Drcv`b Dc‡hvMx 9 wU BÿzRvZ evQvB Ges Aegy³ Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
Ck¦i`x 16, Ck¦i`x 26, Ck¦i`x 30, Ck¦i`x 35, Ck¦i`x 36, Ck¦i`x 37, Ck¦i`x 38,
Ck¦i`x 39 Ges Ck¦i`x 40 |
êwkó¨mg~n
1| DbœZgv‡bi ¸o Drcv`b nq|
2| Drcvw`Z ¸‡oi is †mvbvjx nwi`ªv e‡Y©i nq hv †fv³vi wbKU AvKl©Yxq|
3| †Kvb ivmvqwbK cwi‡kvaK `ªe¨ eënv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
¸o AvniY nvi AwaK nq| AvL Pvlx/¸o Drcv`bKvixiv AwaK jvfevb nq|
wPÎ t DbœZ ¸o Drcv`b Dc‡hvMx BÿzRvZ wPÎ t cÖ¯‘ZK…Z ¸o (Ck¦i`x 39)

evQvBKiY
57
cwic°Zv wbf©i BÿzRvZ evQvBKiY
cÖhyw³i weeiY t Bÿz RvZmg~n AvMvg, ga¨g Ges †ìx‡Z cwic° RvZ wnmv‡e †kªYx
web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q|
AvMvg cwic° BÿzRvZ t Ck¦i`x 16, Ck¦i`x 26, Ck¦i`x 30, Ck¦i`x 33, Ck¦i`x 35,
Ck¦i`x 36, Ck¦i`x 37, Ck¦i`x 38, Ck¦i`x 39 Ges Ck¦i`x 40|
ga¨g cwic° BÿzRvZ t Ck¦i`x 2/54, Ck¦i`x 19, Ck¦i`x 20, Ck¦i`x 25, Ck¦i`x 28,
Ck¦i`x 29, Ck¦i`x 31, Ck¦i`x 32 Ges Ck¦i`x 34
†ìx‡Z cwic° BÿzRvZ t Ck¦i`x 15 (weGm-96)|
êwkó¨mg~n
1| cwic°Zvi aiY Abyhvqx Bÿz KZ©b I gvovB m¤¢e|
2| cwic°Zvi aiY Abyhvqx Bÿz KZ©b I gvovB Kiv n‡j AwaK wPwb/¸o AvniY m¤¢e|
3| eë¯’vcbv mnR|
4| cwi‡ek evÜe|
AwaK wPwb/¸o AvniY nq e‡j Pvlx/¸o Drcv`bKvixMb ewa©Z Avw_©K myweav cvq|
AvMvg ¸o Drcv`‡b ¸o Drcv`bKvix AwaK ¸o Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wPÎ t cwic°Zv wbf©i BÿzRvZ evQvBKiY
evwbwR¨Kfv‡e DbœZ c×wZ‡Z ¸o msiÿY

cÖhyw³i weeiY t 1| †Kvì †÷v‡i‡R 36-380 dvt ZvcgvÎv Ges m‡e©v”P 85% Av‡cwÿK
Av`©ªZvq ¸o msiÿY Kiv hvq|
2| `vbv`vi, †cøU I eøK ¸o cwjw_‡b c¨v‡KURvZ K‡i Ges Aa© Zij
¸o is Kiv gvwUi cv‡Î †i‡L cv‡Îi gyL gvwUi XvKbv Øviv †X‡K
ivL‡j ¸‡oi ¸YMZ gvb `xN©w`b fvj _v‡K|
58
êwkó¨mg~n
1| `xN©w`b msiÿY Kiv hvq|
2| cwi‡ek evÜe|
ewa©Z Avw_©K myweav nq| `xN©w`b ¸‡oi ¸Yv¸Y Aÿzbœ _v‡K|
wPÎ t is Kiv gvwUi nuvwo‡Z ¸o wPÎ t †Kvì †÷v‡i‡R ¸o msiÿY wPÎ t Kÿ ZvcgvÎvq `vbv`vi
msiÿY ¸o msiÿY
eb †Xuom I DjU K¤^‡ji wbh©vm cwi‡kvaK wnmv‡e ¸o ˆZix‡Z eënvi

cÖhyw³i weeiY t 1| 500 MÖvg cwigvb eb †Xuom ev DjU K¤^‡ji KvÛ †_uZ‡j wb‡q 2
wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q KPjv‡bv n‡j Zv †_‡K cÖvß wbh©vm cÖwZ
KovB (200 †KwR) Bÿz im ¸o cÖwµqvKi‡Yi Rb¨ cwi‡kvaK
wnmv‡e eënvi Kiv nq|
2| GB MvQ evwoi Avbv‡P Kvbv‡P ev †ÿ‡Z †h‡Kvb cwi‡e‡k Rb¥v‡bv
hvq|
êwkó¨mg~n
1| Bÿzi im cwi‡kvaK wnmv‡e eënvi Kiv hvq|
2| ÿwZKi nvB‡Wªv‡‡Ri weKí wnmv‡e eënvi Kiv hvq |
3| eënvi mnR I mvkªqx|
4| ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z
5| cwi‡ek evÜe|
cÖhyw³i A_©‰bwZK cÖfve
1| ¸‡oi is AvKl©Yxq nq I ¸YMZgvb Aÿzbœ _v‡K|
2| ¸‡oi is AvKl©Yxq nIqvi Kvi‡Y ewa©Z Avq nq|
3| Drcv`b LiP Kg |
4| evRv‡i Pvwn`v †ekx nq|
59
wPÎ t eb †Xuo‡mi MvQ wPÎ t eb †Xuo‡mi wbh©vm wPÎ t eb †Xuo‡mi wbh©vm
w`‡q ˆZixK…Z ¸o
wPÎ t DjU K¤^‡ji MvQ wPÎ t DjU K¤^‡ji wbh©vm wPÎ t DjU K¤^‡ji wbh©vm w`‡q
ˆZixK…Z ¸o
`vbv`vi ¸o Drcv`b I c¨v‡KwRs c×wZ

cÖhyw³i weeiY t 1| we‡kl cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g `vbv`vi ¸o cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq|
2| `vbv`vi ¸o ‡iŠ‡`ª ïKv‡bvi ci cwjw_b e¨v‡M c¨vwKs K‡i msiÿY
Kiv nq|
êwkó¨mg~n
1| `vbv`vi cÖK…wZi|
2| mviv eQi msiÿY K‡i ivLv hvq|
3| mn‡R cwienb‡hvM¨ Ges evRviRvZKiY KivI mnR|
4| ÿwZKi ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ gy³ I AvKl©Yxq is |
5| ¯^v¯’¨ m¤§Z Ges †L‡Z my¯^v`y|
6| cwi‡ek evÜe|
Pvlx/¸o Drcv`bKvix/¸o eëmvqx Avw_©K fv‡e jvfevb nq| Kg Li‡P msiÿY I
cwienb Kiv hvq|
wPÎ t Nbxf‚Z ¸o wPÎ t `vbv`vi ¸o †iŠ‡`ª ïKv‡bv wPÎ t `vbv`vi ¸o c¨v‡KURvZKiY
60
†LRyi i‡mi wmivc Drcv`b I msiÿY c×wZ
cÖhyw³i weeiY t 1| †LRyi im R¡vj w`‡q Nbxf~Z K‡i (74-78% weª· ) wmivc Drcv`b
K‡i msiÿY Kiv nq|
2| †evZ‡j msiÿY Kiv hvq|
êwkó¨mg~n
1| Drcv`b mnR I `xN©w`b msiÿY Kiv hvq|
2| Drcv`b LiP Kg|
3| cywóKi
4| cwi‡ek evÜe|
wmivc Drcv`b LiP Kg nIqvq †ekx jvf nq| cwienb mnR I cwienb e¨q Kg|
wPÎ t cÖ¯‘ZK…Z †LRyi i‡mi wmivc wPÎ t †evZjRvZ Kiv †LRyi i‡mi wmivc
Bÿzi †cvó nvi‡f÷ eë¯’vcbv

cÖhyw³i weeiY t 1| A‡±vei-b‡f¤î Ges †deªæqvix-gvP© gv‡m KwZ©Z AvL 24 N›Uv ch©šÍ
‡ìx‡Z gvovB Ki‡j wPwb Avni‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ‡Kvb cÖfve †bB|
2| wW‡m¤î-Rvbyqvix gv‡m KwZ©Z AvL 36 N›Uv ch©šÍ †ìx‡Z gvovB
Ki‡jI wPwb Avni‡Y D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖfve cwijwÿZ nq bv|
êwkó¨mg~n
1| wPwb AvniY nvi e„w× Kiv hvq|
2| mwVK mg‡q gvovB Ki‡j 0.5% ch©šÍ wPwb AvniY nvi e„w× Kiv m¤¢e|
4| cwi‡ek evÜe|
61
cÖhyw³i A_©‰bwZK cÖfve
1| wPwb AvniY nvi e„w× ‡c‡j wPwbKj A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfevb n‡e|
myMviexU †_‡K wPwb/¸o Drcv`b

cÖhyw³i weeiY t 1| †`‡ki wPwbi Pvwn`v c~i‡Y myMviexU †_‡K wPwb Drcv`b cÖhyw³
D™¢veb Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k AvenvIqv Dc‡hvMx myMviexU
Pvlvev` K‡i Zv †_‡K wPwb Drcv`b K‡i wPwbi Pvwn`v A‡bKvs‡k
c~iY Kiv m¤¢e| evsjv‡`‡ki AvenvIqvq Dc‡hvMx RvZmg~n ïå,
Kv‡eix, Bwe.0618, Bwe.0626 Ges Bwe.0809 |
êwkó¨mg~n
1| RvZ¸‡jv AwaK wPwb mg„× nIqvq RvZ¸‡jv †_‡K AwaK wPwb (8-10%) AvniY Kiv
m¤¢e|
¯^í‡gqv`x dmj †_‡K AwaK wPwb AvniY Kiv hvq| d‡j K…lK /myMvi wgj AwaK jvfevb
n‡e|
62
†ivMZË¡ wefvM
Bÿzi jvj cPv (Red rot - Colletotricum falcatum Went) †ivM `gb c×wZ
cÖhyw³i weeiY
evsjv‡`‡k Av‡Li †h mKj †ivM cvIqv †M‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ jvj cPv †ivM me‡P‡q †ekx
ÿwZKi| GwU GKwU QÎvK RwbZ †ivM| G †iv‡Mi AvµgY e¨vcK n‡j †ÿ‡Zi kZKiv
100 fvM djbB webó n‡Z cv‡i| G Qvov AvµvšÍ Av‡Li i‡m wPwb ev ¸‡oi cwigvY
AZ¨šÍ K‡g hvq| cÖv_wgK fv‡e ex‡Ri gva¨‡g †ivMwU Qvovq| cieZ©x‡Z e„wó/eb¨vi cvwb,
gvRiv †cvKv Ges evZv‡mi gva¨‡gI Qovq| †Kvb GKK c×wZi gva¨‡g †ivMwU `gb m¤¢e
bq| c‡ii c„ôvq ewY©Z c×wZ¸‡jv eënvi Ki‡j jvj cPv †ivM mn‡RB `gb Kiv m¤¢e t
Av‡Li cvZvi ga¨wkivq jvjcPv †ivMvµvšÍ Av‡Li Af¨šÍifvM

†ivMvµg‡bi wPý
†ivMvµvšÍ Av‡Li †ÿZ †iv‡Mi RxevYy (KwbwWqv)

wPÎ: jvj cPv †iv‡Mi jÿYmg~n
63
o jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax Rv‡Zi Pvl Kiv| eZ©gv‡b jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax
RvZ¸‡jv n‡jvt Ck¦i`x 2/54, Ck¦i`x 16, Ck¦i`x 19, Ck¦i`x 20, Ck¦i`x 37,
Ck¦i`x 38, Ck¦i`x 39 I Ck¦i`x 40|
o †ivMgy³ my¯’ I m‡ZR AvL exR wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv|
o 54º †mt ZvcgvÎv Ges 95% Av`ª©Zvi Mig evZv‡m exR †kvab K‡i wfwË exR
Drcv`b I ciewZ©‡Z Gi eskRvZ evwYwR¨K exR wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv|
o Zvc‡kvwaZ ex‡Ri eskRvZ n‡Z Drcvw`Z bx‡ivM exR eënvi Kiv|
o Av‡Li mKj cÖKvi gvRiv †cvKv `gb Kiv I †ÿZ AvMvQvgy³ ivLv|
o Av‡Li Rwg‡Z cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi myeë¯’v Kiv|
o wbPz Rwg‡Z Av‡Li Pvl bv Kiv|
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
†ivM cÖwZ‡ivax RvZ eënv‡ii gva¨‡g †ivM `gb AZ¨šÍ mnR KvR|
†ivM cÖwZ‡ivax nIqvi Kvi‡Y Av‡Li djb †Zgb n«vm cvq bv|
cÖhyw³wU cwi‡ek evÜe|
†ivM cÖwZ‡ivax ÿgZvm¤úbœ BÿzRvZ Pvl Ki‡j Drcv`b e„w× cvq Ges Pvlxiv
A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfevb nq|
Av‡Li exR evwnZ (Seed borne diseases) †ivM `gb

cÖhyw³i weeiY
Av‡Li cÖavb cÖavb †ivM †hgb ¯§vU (Smut - Ustilago scitaminea Syd), mv`v
cvZv (White leaf - Phytoplasma), wjd ¯‹vì (Leaf scald – Xanthomonas
albilineans Dowson) cÖf…wZ ex‡Ri gva¨‡g Qovq| G †ivM¸‡jv Øviv Av‡Li djb
e¨vcKfv‡e n«vm cvq| c‡ii c„ôvq ewY©Z Dcv‡q G mKj †ivM fvjfv‡e `gb Kiv hvq|
¯§vU AvµvšÍ Av‡Li Svo mv`vcvZv AvµvšÍ Av†Li Svo
64
wjd ¯‹vì AvµvšÍ MvQ wjd ¯‹vì AvµvšÍ Av‡Li Af¨šÍi fvM
o 54º †mt ZvcgvÎv Ges 95% Av`ª©Zvi Mig evZv‡m Av‡Li exR (†mU) 4 N›UvKvj
†kvab K‡i wfwË exR Drcv`b I ciewZ©‡Z Gi eskRvZ evwYwR¨K exR wn‡m‡e
eënvi Kiv|
o †kvwaZ exR evwfwób/†bvBb/†RbyBb cÖf…wZ Kv‡e©ÛvwRg MÖæ‡ci QÎvK bvk‡Ki
0.2% `ªe‡Y 30 wgwbUKvj †kvab K‡i exR Zjvq ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
o exR Zjvq †Kvb †ivMvµvšÍ Pviv †`Lv †M‡j Zv Zz‡j †dj‡Z n‡e|
o my¯’ Pviv¸‡jv g~j gv‡V jvMv‡Z n‡e|
o gv‡V †Kvb †ivMvµvšÍ MvQ †`Lv †M‡j Zv wkKomn Zz‡j cywo‡q ev gvwU‡Z cy‡Z
†d‡j bó Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
• G cÖhyw³ eënvi Ki‡j exRevwnZ †ivMmg~n mn‡R `gb nq|
• cÖhyw³ eënvi mnR Ges LiP Kg|
• cÖhyw³wU cwi‡ek evÜe|
GB cÖhyw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Av‡Li Drcv`b K‡qK¸Y ev‡o d‡j Pvlxi Avq e„w× cvq|
Av‡Li †iUzb ÷¨vw›Us (Ratoon Stunting – Clavibacter xyli sub sp.

xyli) †ivM `gb
cÖhyw³i weeiY
†iUzb ÷¨vw›Us GKwU e¨vK‡Uwiqv RwbZ †ivM| G †ivMwU g~jZt ex‡Ri gva¨‡g Qovq|
G †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y Av‡Li e„w× K‡g hvq, Av‡Li wMU¸wj Nb Nb nq, G‡Z Av‡Li djb
kZKiv 5 †_‡K 20 fvM ch©šÍ n«vm cvq| c‡ii c„ôvq ewY©Z Dcv‡q G †ivMwU mdjfv‡e
`gb Kiv hvqt
65
†iUzb óvw›Us †iv‡M AvµvšÍ AvL †iUzb óvw›Us †ivMµvšÍ Av‡Li Af¨šÍi fvM
o Av‡Li exR (†mU) 50º †m. ZvcgvÎvi Mig cvwb‡Z 3 N›UvKvj †kvab Ki‡Z
n‡e|
o †kvwaZ exR evwfwób/†bvBb/†RbyBb cÖf…wZ Kv‡e©ÛvwRg MÖæ‡ci QÎvK bvk‡Ki
0.2% `ªe‡Y 30 wgwbUKvj Wzwe‡q exR Zjvq ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| exR MRv‡bvi
ci my¯’ Pviv¸wj g~j gv‡V jvMv‡Z n‡e|
o AvL KZ©‡bi Rb¨ eëüZ mKj cÖKvi hš¿cvwZ (nvmyqv, †Kv`vj, wbovbx)
eënv‡ii c~‡e© cywo‡q RxevYygy³ K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
• cÖhyw³ eënvi AZ¨šÍ mnR|
• ¯^í Li‡PB cÖhyw³wU eënvi Kiv hvq|
• cÖhyw³wU cwi‡ek evÜe|
gywoLe©v †ivM `g‡bi gva¨‡g PvlxMY AwaK djb cv‡e Ges Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb n‡e|
Bÿzi exR cPv (Sett Rot) †ivM `gb c×wZ

cÖhyw³i weeiY
Bÿzi exR cPv GKwU gvivZ¥K †ivM| Ceratocystis paradoxa de Synes Ges
Fusarium moniliforme Moreau bvgK QÎvK Øviv exR cPv †ivM n‡q _v‡K| G †iv‡Mi
Kvi‡Y Av‡Li exR c‡P hvq d‡j A¼z‡iv`Mg n«vm cvq| G Kvi‡Y Mv‡Qi msL¨v I Av‡Li
msL¨v Kg nq Ges djb e¨vcKfv‡e K‡g hvq| c‡ii c„ôvq ewY©Z Dcv‡q Av‡Li exR cPv
†ivM `gb Kiv hvqt
66
exR cPv (cvBbAv‡cj wWwRR) cvBbAv‡cj †iv‡Mi RxevYy - Ceratocystis paradoxa
†ivMvµvšÍ exR LÛ
o †ivMgy³ AvL †ÿ‡Zi exR eënvi Kiv|

o †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax Rv‡Zi AvL Pvl Kiv|
o AvL †ivc‡Yi c~‡e© exR LÛ Kv‡e©ÛvwRg MÖæ‡ci QÎvKbvk‡Ki (Fungicide) `ªe‡Y
(1t1000) 30 wgwbUKvj Wywe‡q †kvab K‡i †bIqv|
o AwaK wfRv I AwaK ïKbv gvwU‡Z I VvÛv AvenvIqvq AvL †ivcY bv Kiv|
o †h mKj GjvKvq G †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc Lye †ekx †mLv‡b exRZjvq Pviv ˆZix K‡i
†ivcv c×wZ‡Z Pvl Kiv|
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
QÎvK evi‡K Av‡Li exR †kva‡bi d‡j exR cPv †ivM `gb nq, Kgc‡ÿ 20%
A¼z‡iv`Mg e„w× cvq Ges m‡e©vcwi Av‡Li djb Z_v Drcv`b e„w× cvq| Gi d‡j K…lKMY
ewa©Z Av‡qi myweav cvq|
weRjx Nvm (Striga) `gb c×wZ

cÖhyw³i weeiY
weRjx Nvm (Striga densiflora) GK cÖKvi ciRxex meyR Dw™¢` hv wkK‡oi
nm‡Uvwiqvi mvnv‡h¨ Av‡Li wkK‡oi g‡a¨ welv³ ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ mÂvwiZ K‡i Ges AvL
†_‡K Lv`ïm msMÖn K‡i| Gi d‡j AvL m¤ú~Y© gviv hvq Ges djb cÖvq kZKiv 100 fvM
n«vm cvq| ivRkvnx, bv‡Uvi, cvebv I Kzwóqv †Rjvq GB weRjx Nv‡mi Dc`ªe †`Lv hvq|
67
weRjx Nvm weRjx Nvm I AvµvšÍ AvL †ÿZ
wb‡gœv³ Dcv‡q weRjx Nvm mn‡RB `gb Kiv hvq

o weRjx Nv‡mi Avµgb nq Giƒc wPwüZ Rwg‡Z mylg mv‡ii eënvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z
n‡e| we‡kl K‡i BDwiqv Ges cUvk mvi †n±i cÖwZ h_vµ‡g 395 †KwR Ges
247 †KwR nv‡i wZb wKw¯Í‡Z h_v †ivcY mg‡q bvjvq Ges e„wócv‡Zi ci GwcÖj
I †g gv‡m Av‡Li †Mvovq cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j fvj dj cvIqv hvq|
o weRjx Nvm †`Lv †M‡j BDwiqv `ªeb (1 †KwR BDwiqv 20 wjUvi cvwb‡Z) weRjx
Nv‡mi Dci †iŠ`ª¾j w`‡b †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z 24 N›Uvi g‡a¨B weRjx Nvm
gviv hv‡e|
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
GB cÖhyw³ eënv‡ii gva¨‡g weRjx Nvm AvµgbRwbZ ÿwZ n«vm cvq Ges G‡Z K…lK‡ì
Avq ev‡o|
jvj Uvbv (Red Stripe) I WMv cPv (Top Rot–Pseudomonas

rubrilineans) †ivM `gb eë¯’vcbv
cÖhyw³i weeiY
†g-Ryb gv‡m Av‡Li cvZvi wkiv eivei j¤^v, miæ I GKB iKg jvj is Gi Uvbv ev †Wviv
`vM G †iv‡Mi ‰ewkó¨m~PK wPý †`Lv hvq| G †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc †ekx n‡j `vM¸‡jv cvZvi
wb‡Pi w`‡K evo‡Z _v‡K Ges WMvq AvµgY K‡i WMv cPv †ivM m„wó K‡i|
68
jvj Uvbv †ivMvµvšÍ cvZv Uc iU AvµvšÍ Av‡Li gv_v
o G †ivM `g‡bi mnR Dcvq n‡jv cÖv_wgK fv‡e †Kvb Av‡L G †ivM †`Lv †M‡j
AvµvšÍ cvZv †Mvov †_‡K †K‡U cywo‡q ev gvwU‡Z cy‡Z †dj‡Z n‡e| WMv cPv
†ivM †`Lv †M‡j WMvi wb‡P †h ch©šÍ c‡P †M‡Q Zvi GKUz wb‡P †_‡K †K‡U Av‡Li
WMv cywo‡q ev gvwU‡Z cy‡Z †d‡j bó Ki‡Z n‡e|
o †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax Bÿz RvZ Gi Pvl Ki‡Z n‡e|
o AwZwi³ BDwiqv mvi eënvi eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
hvwš¿Kfv‡e mn‡RB G †ivMwU `gb Kiv hvq|
nv‡Z bv‡Z †ivMwU `gb Kiv hvq weavq G cÖhyw³ eënv‡i †Zgb Avw_©K LiP nq bv|
Av‡Li †bgv‡UvW RwbZ †ivM `gb eë¯’vcbv

cÖhyw³i weeiY
Av‡Li wkKo wMU (Root knot – Meloidogyne sp) I wkKo ÿZ (Root lesion –
Pratylenchus sp, Hoplolaimus sp, Helicotylenchus sp, Tylenchorhynchus sp)
†ivM `ywU Av‡Li e„w× Kwg‡q †`q, cvZv nj‡` nq Ges MvQ `ye©j n‡q c‡o| c‡ii c„ôvq
ewY©Z Dcv‡q Av‡Li K…wg RwbZ †ivM `gb m¤¢e|
69
wkKo wMU †ivMvµvšÍ Av‡Li wkKo wkKo ÿZ AvµvšÍ Av‡Li wkKo
o AvL jvMv‡bvi mgq Ges Mv‡Qi eqm 3-4 gvm n‡j †n±i cÖwZ 20 †KwR K‡i
ivMwe 10 wR A_ev 40 †KwR K‡i dzivWvb 5 wR cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j fvj dj cvIqv
hvq|
o †bgv‡UvW †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax Rv‡Zi AvL Pvl Kiv|
o Rwg‡Z ch©vqµ‡g Ab¨ dm‡ji Pvl Kiv|
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
cÖhyw³i eënvi AZ¨šÍ mnR|
G cÖhyw³ eënvi Ki‡j †bgv‡UvW `g‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Av‡Li AvMvg gvRiv †cvKv
I WMvi gvRiv †cvKv `gb nq|
G cÖhyw³ eënvi Ki‡j Av‡Li djb cÖvq 20% †e‡o hvq| ZvB cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i K…lK
AwaK djb †c‡q Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb nq|
†ivMgy³ Bÿz exR Drcv`b cÖhyw³

cÖhyw³i weeiY
†ivMgy³ my¯’¨ mej exR eënv‡ii gva¨‡g Av‡Li djb cÖvq 30-40% ch©šÍ e„w× Kiv
m¤¢e| exR evwnZ wewfbœ gvivZ¥K †iv‡Mi (jvj cPv, ¯§vU, †iUzb óvw›Us, mv`vcvZv) Kvi‡Y
Av‡Li djb gvivZ¥vKfv‡e wewNœZ nq| ZvB jvfRbKfv‡e Bÿz Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ my¯’ mej
exR eënvi AZ¨šÍ Riæix| c‡ii c„ôvq ewY©Z Dcv‡q †ivMgy³ my¯’¨ exR Drcv`b Kiv
hvq|
70
Gg GBP G wU cøv›U nU IqvUvi wUªU‡g›U cøv›U
QÎvK eviK Øviv exR †kvab
o cÖv_wgKfv‡e wbw`©ó Rv‡Zi AvL‡ÿZ †_‡K 10-11 gvm eq‡mi †gvUv I

Av‡cwÿKfv‡e my¯’ Ges †cvKv AvµgY K‡iwb Giƒc exR AvL msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|
o exR AvL¸†jv‡K aviv‡jv `v A_ev nvmyqv w`‡q `yB †PvL wewkó exR L‡Û (Sett)
cwiYZ Ki‡Z n‡e| jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e exR AvL †_‡K cvZv Qvov‡bvi mgq ev exR
LÛ ˆZixi mgq hv‡Z ex‡Ri †PvL bó ev ÿwZMÖ¯Í bv nq|
o exR KvUvi ci exR LÛ¸wj fvjfv‡e †e‡Q wb‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Dnv‡Z †cvKv ev
evwn¨Kfv‡e †iv‡Mi AvµgY bv _v‡K|
o exR LÛ¸wj Lye mveav‡b 54º †m. ZvcgvÎvq I 95% Av`ªZvq Av`ª Mig evZv‡m
4 N›UvKvj A_ev 50º †m.ZvcgvÎvi Mig cvwb‡Z 3 N›UvKvj †kvab Ki‡Z n‡e|
o exR †kva‡bi ci mveav‡b exR LÛ¸wj‡K VvÛv cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q Lo ev Qvjv w`‡q
24 N›UvKvj †X‡K ivL‡Z n‡e| Gici exRLÛ¸wj‡K Kv‡e©bWvwRg MÖæcfy³
Aby‡gvw`Z QÎvKevi‡Ki (evwfwób 50 WweøDwc/ †bvBb 50 WweøDwc/†RbyBb 50
WweøDwc, GBg‡KvwRg 50 WweøDwc/ †Kv‡ivwRg 50 WweøDwc cÖf„wZ) `ªe‡Y
(0.1%) 30 wgwbUKvj Pzwe‡q †kvab K‡i wb‡Z n‡e Ges Zvici exRZjvq
jvMv‡Z n‡e| exRZjvq jvwM‡q nvjKv Lo Øviv †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e Ges gv‡S gv‡S
cvwb wmÂb Ki‡Z n‡e|
71
o exR MRv‡bvi ci Dc‡ii Lo¸wj mwi‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|
o Pvivi eqm 40-45 w`b n‡jB Zv g~j gv‡V jvMv‡Z n‡e|
o exRZjv †_‡K Pviv DVv‡bvi AšÍZ 12 N›Uv c~‡e© exRZjvq fvj K‡i †mP w`‡q
gvwU DËgiƒ‡c wfRv‡Z n‡e| exRZjv †_‡K Pviv DVv‡bvi mgq jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e
hv‡Z †Kvb `~e©j ev †ivMµvšÍ Pviv bv †bIqv nq|
o Pviv g~j gv‡V jvMv‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_B †mP w`‡Z n‡e Ges AšÍZ 10-15 w`b Rwg‡Z
cwigvYgZ im msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
o Pviv jvMv‡bvi mgq ïaygvÎ Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvi wUGmwc mvi I †Mvei ev Ab¨vb¨
ˆRe mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| BDwiqv Ges Ggwc mvi Pviv jvMv‡bvi Kgc‡ÿ
GKgvm ci `yB wKw¯Í‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_gZ Kzwk MRv‡bvi mgq Ges
ciewZ©‡Z Kzwk MRv‡bv †kl n‡j ev Av‡Li eqm 6 gvm n‡jB †kl wKw¯Í mvi
cÖ‡qvM K‡i Av‡Li †Mvovq fvj K‡i gvwU w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e|
o exR‡ÿZ me©`v AvMvQv gy³ ivL‡Z n‡e Ges Mv‡Qi †Mvov fvjfv‡e wbwo‡q ev
gvjwPs K‡i w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Mv‡Qi wkKo me©`v Aw·‡Rb †c‡Z cv‡i|
o exR‡ÿ‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi †cvKv jvM‡j Zv `ªæZ `gb Ki‡Z n‡e| †cvKv hv‡Z jvM‡Z
bv cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvq KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvMKiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
o exR‡ÿZ wbqwgZ cwi`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e Ges exR †ÿ‡Z jvj cPv, ¯§vU, mv`vcvZv,
wjd ¯‹vì BZ¨vw` †iv‡M AvµvšÍ †Kvb Av‡Li Svo †`LvgvÎB wkKomn Zz‡j
cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|
o exR‡ÿ‡Zi Av‡k cv‡k gywo Av‡Li Pvl hv‡Z bv nq †mw`‡K jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
o Av‡Li cvZvq †Kvb wjd wWwRR ev cvZvi †ivM †`Lv †M‡j AvµvšÍ cvZv †K‡U
†dj‡Z n‡e A_ev 0.2% Kcvi Aw·‡K¬vivB‡Wi `ªeb †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e|
o exR‡ÿ‡Z hv‡Z Bu`yi bv jvM‡Z cv‡i Zvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
o exR‡ÿ‡Z hv‡Z cvwb R‡g _vK‡Z bv cv‡i Zvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
o Av‡Li eqm 10 gvm n‡jB Zv †K‡U exR wnmv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
o exR AvL KvUvi c~‡e© exR‡ÿZ fvjfv‡e cwi`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Rwg‡Z †Kvb
cÖKvi exR evwnZ gvivZ¥K †ivMvµvšÍ †Kvb Av‡Li Svo bv _v‡K|
o exR cwien‡Yi mgq jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb †Kvb µ‡gB ex‡Ri †PvL¸wj
AvNvZcÖvß bv nq|
72
†ivMgy³ my¯’ B¶z exR †ÿZ
†ivMgy³ D”P wPwbhy³ B¶z RvZ (wfGgwm 86-550)
73
†ivMgy³ wPwe‡q LvIqv B¶z RvZ (Pvqbv)
†ivMgy³ wPwe‡q LvIqv B¶z RvZ (iswejvk)
74
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
†ivMgy³ exR eënv‡ii gva¨‡g Av‡Li †ivM`gb I djb e„w× Kiv AZ¨šÍ mnR|
cÖhyw³wU cwi‡ek evÜe|
cÖhyw³i A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡
†ivMgy³ exR eënvi Ki‡j Av‡Li djb 30-40% ch©šÍ e„w× cvq d‡j K„l‡Ki Avq e„w×
cvq|
mgwš^Z c×wZ‡Z Av‡Li †ivM `gb eë¯’vcbv

cÖhyw³i weeiY
†ivMevjvB hv‡Z bv n‡Z cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ †ivMevjvB nIqvi c~‡e©B eë¯’v †bIqv GKvšÍ
cÖ‡qvRb| †Kbbv GKevi hw` †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nq Z‡e Zvi cÖwZKvi AZ¨šÍ RwUj Ges cÖvq
†ÿ‡Î †Kvb mgvavb m¤¢ve bq| D‡jøL¨ †h †Kvb GKK eë¯’v †ivM `g‡bi Rb¨ Kvh©Kix
bq| GKgvÎ mgwš^Z Kg©m~Pxi gva¨‡g †ivM `gb m¤¢e| wbgœ ewY©Z mycvwikgvjv n‡Z wbw`©ó
†Kvb †ivM `g‡bi Rb¨ mgwš^Z c×wZ‡Z Dc‡hvMx eë¯’vmg~n MÖnY Ki‡j wbwðZfv‡e
†ivM`gb ev wbqš¿Y Kiv m¤¢e|
1) †ivM cªwZ‡ivax RvZ, †hgb Ck¦i`x 2/54, Ck¦i`x 16, Ck¦i`x 20, Ck¦i`x 37,
Ck¦i`x 38, Ck¦i`x 39, Ck¦i`x 40 BZ¨vw` Aby‡gvw`Z RvZ¸‡jv Avev` Kiv Ges
fwel¨‡Z gyw³cÖvß †Kej Aby‡gvw`Z Rv‡Zi Pvl Kiv|
2) †ivMgy³ exR Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ 54º †mt ZvcgvÎvq I 95% Av`ªZvq 4 N›UvKvj Av`ª
Mig evZv‡m †kvabK„Z exR ev Zv Pvjy bv nIqv ch©šÍ 50º †mt ZvcgvÎvq Mig
cvwb‡Z 3 N›UvKvj †kvwaZ exR Øviv †ivcv c×wZ‡Z `yB ¯Íi wewkó wfwË exR Ges
cÖZ¨vwqZ exR Drcv`b wbwðZ Kiv|
3) evwYwR¨K AvL Pv‡li Rb¨ cÖZ¨vwqZ exR Drcv`b wbwðZ Kiv|
4) AvL jvMv‡bvi c~‡e© exR LÛ Aby‡gvw`Z exR‡kvaK h_v evwfwób/†bvBb/
†RbyBb/GBg‡KvwRg/ †Kv‡ivwRg BZ¨vw` Kv‡e©ÛvwRg MÖæ‡ci QÎvK evi‡Ki 0.1%
`ªe‡Y 30 wgwbU a‡i m¤ú~Y© Pzwe‡q †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e|
5) mv`vcvZv/Nvwm¸”Q, ¯§vU, †gvRvBK, jvj cPv, Ges DBë RvZxq †iv‡Mi AvµvšÍ
MvQ/Svo m¤ú~Y© DwV‡q Av¸‡b cywo‡q bó Ki‡Z n‡e|
6) †h mg¯Í Rwg ev GjvKvq weRjx Nvm †`Lv hvq †m mg¯Í Rwg ev GjvKv †_‡K †Kvb
exR Ab¨ †Kvb GjvKvq exR AvL wn‡m‡e mieivn eÜ Kiv|
7) weRjx Nvm `g‡bi Rb¨ mylg mv‡ii eënvi, we‡kl K‡i AvL jvMv‡bvi mgq dm‡dU mvi
cÖ‡qvM QvovI †n±i cÖwZ 395 †KwR K‡i BDwiqv Ges 247 †KwR cUvk mvi mgvb wZb
wKw¯Í‡Z h_v †ivcY mg‡q bvjvq Ges e„wócv‡Zi ci GwcÖj I †g gv‡m Av‡Li †Mvovq
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j fvj dj cvIqv hvq| Gic‡iI weRjx Nvm †`Lv w`‡j 1t20 Abycv‡Z
h_vµ‡g BDwiqv Ges cvwbi `ªeY weRjx Nv‡mi Dci wmÂb Ki‡j fvjfv‡e `gb nq|
75
8) cvZvi jvj Uvbv `vM (†iW ÷ªvBc) Ges WMv cPv AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi ïaygvÎ AvµvšÍ cvZv
ev WMv A_ev AwaK AvµvšÍ MvQ m¤ú~Y© Zz‡j cywo‡q †djv|
9) cvZvi wewfbœ cÖKvi †ivM h_vµ‡g Pÿz `vM, njy` `vM, ev`vgx `vM, cvZv Sjmv‡bv
BZ¨vw` `g‡bi Rb¨ 0.2% Kcvi Aw·-†K¬vivBW `ªeY eënvi Ki‡j fvj dj cvIqv
hvq| cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a 15 w`b ci ci 2/3 evi †¯cÖ Kiv|
10) exR AvL †ÿ‡Z Kv‡Ri mgq ev exR KvUvi mgq eëüZ hš¿cvwZ †hgb nvmyqv,
†Kv`vj, Kv‡¯Í BZ¨vw` eënv‡ii c~‡e© RxevYy bvkK Jla Øviv (5% wdbvBj) ev
Av¸‡b cywo‡q †kvab KiZt wbe©xR Ki‡Z n‡e|
11) Av‡Li cÖavb †cvKvgvKo hv †ivM we¯Ív‡i mnvqZv K‡i Zv `gb Kiv|
12) Av‡Li Rwg me mgq AvMvQvgy³ ivLv Ges Ab¨vb¨ †ivM †cvlK MvQ n‡ZI gy³ ivLv|
13) †ÿ‡Zi AvL KvUvi ci Av‡Li ïK‡bv cvZv Ges cwiZ¨³ Ask cywo‡q Pv‡li mv‡_
wgwk‡q †`qv hv‡Z †iv‡Mi Rxevby I †cvKvi Drm ev Av¯Ívbv aŸsm n‡q hvq|
14) AvL †ÿ‡Z cÖavb †Kvb †ivM †ekx cwigv‡Y †`Lv w`‡j cieZ©x eQi †m Rwg‡Z Av‡Li
Avev` bv K‡i µc †iv‡Uk‡b Ab¨ dm‡ji Avev` Kiv|
15) AwaK wbPz Rwg‡Z A_©vr †hLv‡b e„wói cvwb R‡g _v‡K †m mg¯Í Rwg‡Z AvL †ivcY
bv Kiv|
16) mgqgZ mwVK c×wZ‡Z mylg mv‡ii cÖ‡qvM wbwðZ K‡i Lv‡`ï Afve RwbZ †ivM
`gb Kiv|
17) cÖ‡qvR‡b mgqgZ †mP cÖ‡qvM Ges Rjve× Rwg n‡Z cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv|
18) †m‡Þ¤î, A‡±vei, b‡f¤î gv‡m gvivZ¥K †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc †ekx †`Lv hvq| G mgq
AvµvšÍ Rwgi AvL wgj Pvjy n‡j kxNÖ KZ©b Ges mieivn wbwðZ K‡i †iv‡Mi `ªæZ
e„w× †iva Kiv|
19) we‡`k n‡Z exR Avg`vbxi †ÿ‡Î †Kvqv‡i›UvBb eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv AZ¨vek¨K| exR
AvL mieiv‡ni †ÿ‡Î Af¨šÍixb †Kvqv‡i›UvBb eë¯’vI KovKwofv‡e AbymiY Kiv
hv‡Z †ivMvµvšÍ cøU ev GjvKv n‡Z exR Ab¨ †Kvb cøU ev GjvKvq mieivn bv nq|
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
cÖhyw³wU AZ¨šÍ Kvh©Ki Ges cwi‡ek evÜe|
cÖhyw³wU eënv‡ii d‡j Av‡Li djb e„w× cv‡e G‡Z K…lK Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb n‡e|
Av‡Li †ivM cwÄKv D™¢veb

cÖhyw³i weeiY
†ivM cwÄKvq Av‡Li wewfbœ †ivM erm‡ii †Kvb mgq Avwef©ve nq Ges KLb Gi ZxeªZv
ev‡o Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †ivM cwÄKv †`‡L AvL PvlxMY c~e© †_‡KB wewfbœ †ivM `g‡bi
cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
76
Rvby †deªæ gvP© GwcÖj †g Ryb RyjvB AvMó †m‡Þ A‡±v b‡f wW‡m
†iv‡Mi bvg JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
†cŠl gvN dvêyb ˆPÎ êkvL ˆR¨ô Avlvp kªveY fv`ª Avwk¦b KvwZ©K AMÖnvqY †cŠl
jvj cPv
mv`v cvZv
DBë
gywo Le©v
Kv‡jv kxl
wjd ¯‹vì
†gvRvBK
WMv cPv
exR cPv
weRjx Nvm
wPÎ: Av‡Li †ivMcÄx
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
†ivM cwÄKv †`‡L †h †KD mn‡RB Av‡Li wewfbœ †iv‡Mi Avwef©ve I ZxeªZvi mgq Rvb‡Z
cv‡i|
eQ‡ii †Kvb mgq †Kvb †iv‡Mi Avwef©ve N‡U Zv K„lK Rvb‡Z cv‡i d‡j c~e© †_‡KB †ivM
`g‡b cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z †ivM `gb mnR nq Ges K…lK Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb
nq|
77
KxUZZ¡ wefvM
AvL dmj Drcv`‡b wewfbœ iK‡gi cÖwZeÜKZv i‡q‡Q hvi g‡a¨ ÿwZKi †cvKvgvKo
Ab¨Zg| evsjv‡`‡k ¸o Drcv`b I wPwb Avni‡Yi nvi c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki Zzjbvq
Kg| ïay †cvKv gvK‡oi Kvi‡YB cÖwZ eQi M‡o 20% Drcv`b Ges 15% wPwb AvniY n«vm
cvq| Avgv‡ì †`‡k G ch©šÍ 70wU †cvKv gvKo mbv³ Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖvq 7/8wU
AwZ gvivZœK, wKQz gvivZœK Ges evKx¸‡jv Kg gvivZœK|
KxUZZ¡ wefv‡Mi g~j KvR wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z ÿwZKi †cvKvgvKo `g‡bi Dci M‡elYv
cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g `gb welqK cªhyw³ D™¢veb Kiv| cÖavb cÖavb `gb
c×wZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 1) mnbkxj Rv‡Zi Pvlvev` 2) K…wlZvwZ¡K `gb eë¯’v 3) hvwš¿K `gb
eë¯’v 4) ˆRweK `gb eë¯’v I 5) me©‡kl c`‡ÿc wn‡m‡e ivmvqwbK ev KxUbvk‡Ki
mvnv‡h¨ `gb eë¯’v| †mB jÿ¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L D™¢vweZ cÖhyw³mn cÖhyw³i mswÿß eY©bv
†`qv n‡jv|
WMvi gvRiv †cvKv

Top shoot borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker
(Lepidoptera : Pyralidae)
WMvi gvRiv †cvKvi g_ I wW‡gi Mv`v msMÖn Kiv

nvZ w`‡q WMvi gvRiv †cvKvi g_ I nvZ ev nvmyqvi mvnv‡h¨ mvgvb¨ cvZvmn wW‡gi Mv`v
msMÖn K‡i aŸsm Ki‡Z n‡e (Rvbyqvix-Ryb)|
WMvi gvRiv †cvKvi g_ msMÖn WMvi gvRiv †cvKvi wW‡gi Mv`v msMÖn
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZ‡ivag~jK, mnR, GK‡hv‡M KiYxq I cwi‡ek AbyK~j|
Kg LiP, Mo `gb 13.09-29.25%, djb e„w× K‡i I jvfRbK|
78
WMvi gvRiv †cvKvi hvwš¿K `gb
WMvi gvRiv †cvKv AvµvšÍ MvQ †Mvovi KvQ †_‡K †K‡U †cvKvmn aŸsm Ki‡Z n‡e
(Rvbyqvix-Ryb)|
WMvi gvRiv †cvKvi hvwš¿K `gb WMvi gvRiv †cvKv AvµvšÍ AvL MvQ
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZKvig~jK, mnR, GK‡hv‡M KiYxq I cwi‡ek AbyK~j|
gvSvix LiP, Mo `gb 49.12-73.49%, djb e„w× K‡i I jvfRbK|
KxUbvk‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ WMvi gvRiv †cvKv `gb

Av‡Li mvwii Dfq cv‡k AMfxi bvjv †K‡U bvjvi g‡a¨ `vbv`vi KxUbvkK Kv‡e©vdzivb
†hgb dzivWvb 5wR, KzivUvi 5wR, mvbdzivb 5wR, dzivUvd 5wR, diIqvdzivb 5wR,
†db‡Wvi 5wR, dzivmvb 5wR, weªdvi 5wR, KzwiWvb 5wR, Avjdvdzivb 5wR, ivRdzivb 5wR,
weóv‡ib 5wR, †mwgdzivb 5wR, K‡ivdzivb 5wR, †civW· 5wR, †ndzivb 5wR, K…lvb 5wR,
Gg‡Kvdzivb 5wR, †iw·dzivb 5wR, †n·Uvi 5wR, evBdzivb 5wR, wm‡bvWvb 5wR,
BDwbdzivb 5wR, cviWvb 5wR, wbDdzivb 5wR, gvBdzivb 5wR, Kvi‡evUvd 5wR, I‡qbdzivb
5wR, wcjvi 5wR, B‡Kvdzivb 5wR, wkKvwi 5wR, †iBWdzivb 5wR, Kv‡e©vgU 5wR, ivbvi
5wR, †iWdzivb 5wR, Avgvdzivb 5wR, Gg-dzivb, avbdzivb 5wR, evB-dvi 5wR, A¼zi 5wR,
wb‡KvWvb 5wR, wjgdzivb 5wR, mxWdzivb 5wR, wU‡jR 5wR Ges nvBdzivb 5wR †n±i cÖwZ
40 †KwR A_ev dzivKve© 3wR, ‡PRvi 3wR, wbwKWvb 3wR, dzivb 3wR, G‡ivdzivb 3wR,
wKjWvb 3wR, wmdzivb 3 wRAvi, ivBdzivb 3wR †n±i cÖwZ 66 †KwR A_ev Kv‡ev©mvjdvb
‡hgb gvk©vj 6wR, K‡ivmvjdvb 6wR †n±i cÖwZ 33.33 †KwR bvjvq wQwU‡q cÖ‡qvM Kivi
ci gvwU w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e| gvwU †fRv _vKv evÃbxq| KxUbvkK gvP© I †g gv‡m cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z n‡e|
79
`vbv`vi KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZKvig~jK, Avµgb †ekx (5%) n‡j cÖ‡hvR¨, Riæix c`‡ÿc, AšÍe©vnx I Mv‡Qi
kvixwiK e„w× NUvq|
LiP ‡ekx, Mo `gb Kgc‡ÿ 80% , Mo djb e„w× 50%, wPwb AvniY e„w× K‡i I h‡_ó
jvfRbK|
Kv‡Ûi gvRiv †cvKv

Stem borer, Chilo tumidicostalis Hampson
Kv‡Ûi gvRiv †cvKvi hvwš¿K `gb (Kxov/cyËwj)

cÖv_wgK AvµvšÍ MvQ¸‡jv AvµvšÍ ¯’v‡bi bxP †_‡K †cvKvmn †K‡U aŸsm K†i †dj‡Z n‡e
(†g-RyjvB)|
Kv‡Ûi gvRiv †cvKvi hvwš¿K `gb (Kxov/cyËwj) Kv‡Ûi gvRiv †cvKv AvµvšÍ AvL
80
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZKvig~jK, mnR, GK‡hv‡M KiYxq I cwi‡ek AbyK~j|
gvSvix LiP, Mo `gb 40% I jvfRbK|
ïK‡bv cvKv Qvov‡bvi gva¨‡g Kv‡Ûi gvRiv †cvKv `gb

eq¯‹ AvL MvQ †_‡K cyiv‡bv Ges ïK‡bv cvZv ¸‡jv Qvwo‡q aŸsm K‡i †dj‡Z n‡e hv‡Z
Kv‡Ûi gvRiv †cvKv wW‡gi Mv`v¸‡jv bó n‡q hvq (AvMó-A‡±vei)|
ïK‡bv cvZv Qvov‡bv
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZ‡ivag~jK, mnR, Av‡Li ¸YMZ gvb DbœZ K‡i I cwi‡ek AbyK~j|
gvSvix LiP, Av‡Li IRb I wPwb e„w×‡Z mnvqK I jvfRbK|
KxUbvk‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ Kv‡Ûi gvRiv †cvKv `gb

KviUvc 4wR RvZxq `vbv`vi KxUbvkK †hgb cv`vb 4wR, wmWvb 4wR, iv‡R· 4wR,
diIqvUvc 4wR, mvbWvb 4wR, Gw±f 4wR, I‡qbWvb 4wR, weRq 4wR, †Ubvc 4wR, wi‡qj
4wR, †Kqvi 4wR †n±i cÖwZ 75 †KwR Av‡Li mvwii Dfq cv‡k bvjv †K‡U bvjvq wQwU‡q
cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwU w`‡q `vbv¸‡jv †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e| KxUbvkK Ryb, RyjvB I AvMó gv‡m
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZKvig~jK, AvµgY †ekx (10%) n‡j cÖ‡hvR¨, Riæix c`‡ÿc I Mv‡Qi kvixwiK e„w×
NUvq|
LiP †ekx, Mo `gb Kgc‡ÿ 80%, Mo djb e„w× 30% I h‡_ó jvfRbK|
81
UªvB‡KvMÖvgv wW¤^ ciRxwe Øviv Kv‡Ûi gvRiv †cvKv `gb
†g gv‡mi 1g mßvn †_‡K †m‡Þ¤î ch©šÍ †n±i cÖwZ 50,000 m`¨ cÖm~Z UªvB‡KvMÖvgv
(Freshly emerged) AvL †ÿ‡Z Aegy³ Ki‡Z n‡e (†g- †m‡Þ¤î)|
AvL †ÿ‡Z UªvB‡KvMÖvgv Aegy³KiY
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZ‡ivag~jK I cwi‡ek evÜe
gvSvwi LiP, Mo `gb 38.13-41.03%, Mo djb e„w× 35.93-70.71% I jvfRbK|
†Mvovi gvRiv †cvKv

Rootstock borer, Emmalocera depressella Swinhoe
†Mvovi gvRiv †cvKvi hvwš¿K `gb

†Mvovi gvRiv AvµvšÍ MvQ¸‡jv†K nvmyqv/†Kv`vj w`‡q DwV‡q †cvKvmn aŸsm K†i †dj‡Z
n‡e (†deªæqvix-Ryb)|
†Mvovi gvRiv †cvKv AvµvšÍ AvL †Mvovi gvRiv †cvKvi hvwš¿K `gb
82
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZ‡ivag~jK,mnR,GK‡hv‡M KiYxq I cwi‡ek AbyK~j|
gvSvix LiP, Mo `gb 40% , djb e„w× N‡U I jvfRbK|
†Mvovi gvRiv †cvKv `g‡bi Rb¨ AvL KZ©‡bi ci †gv_v (Stubble) †cvov‡bv
†cvKvcÖeY AÂ‡j AvL KZ©‡bi ci †gv_v¸‡jv Dcwo‡q gv‡VB `yB Pvi w`b ïKv‡bvi ci
†cvKvmn (Kxov/cyËwj) cywo‡q aŸsm Ki‡Z n‡e|
AvL KZ©‡bi ci †gv_v †cvov‡bv
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZ‡ivag~jK, GK‡hv‡M KiYxq, cwi‡ek AbyK~j, cieZx© †gŠmy‡g AvµgY eûjvs‡k n«vm
cvq|
LiP †ekx, LyeB Kvh©Kix `gb, cieZx© eQi ¸‡jv‡Z AvÎgY n«vm cvq Ges djb e„w× cvq|
KxUbvk‡Ki mvnvh¨ †Mvovi gvRiv †cvKv `gb

†K¬vicvBwidm 15 wR †hgb jimevb 15wR, cvBwievb 15wR, b‡Kvevb 15wR †n±i cÖwZ
15 †KwR A_ev AiMv‡bv dm‡dU ‡hgb ivMwe 10wR †n±i cÖwZ 20.0 †KwR A_ev
cvBwi_ª‡qW ‡hgb Uvjóvi 2 WweøDwc †n±i cÖwZ 10 †KwR Av‡Li mvwii Dfq cv‡k AMfxi
bvjv †K‡U Mv‡Qi †Mvovq I bvjvq wQwU‡q cÖ‡qvM Kivi ci gvwU w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e|
gvwU‡Z †Rv _vK‡Z n‡e| A_ev KzBbvjdm †hgb wm‡bvjv· 25 Bwm †n±i cÖwZ 10.0 wj.
cvwbi mv‡_ wgwk‡q Mv‡Qi †Mvovq I bvjvq cÖ‡qvM Kivi ci gvwU w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e|
gvwU‡Z †Rv _vK‡Z n‡e| KxUbvkK gvP©, †g I RyjvB gv‡m cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
83
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZKvig~jK, AvµgY †ekx n‡j (5%) cÖ‡hvR¨, Riæix c`‡ÿc, Mv‡Qi e„w×‡Z mnvqK
(Phytotonic effect).
LiP †ekx, Mo `gb Kgc‡ÿ 80% ,Mo djb e„w× 30% I h‡_ó jvfRbK|
AvMvg gvRiv †cvKv

Early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen
AvMvg gvRiv †cvKvi hvwš¿K `gb (Kxov/cyËwj)

AvMvg gvRiv †cvKv AvµvšÍ MvQ¸‡jv gvwUi bxP †_‡K †cvKvmn †K‡U aŸsm Ki‡Z n‡e
(Rvbyqvix-GwcÖj)|
AvMvg gvRiv †cvKv AvµvšÍ Av‡Li Pviv MvQ AvL Mv‡Qi Af¨šÍ‡i AvMvg gvRiv †cvKvi Kxov
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZKvig~jK, mnR, GK‡hv‡M KiYxq Ges cwi‡ek AbyK~j|
Kg LiP, Mo `gb 40% Ges jvfRbK|
Kv‡e©vdzivb RvZxq KxUbvkK Øviv AvMvg gvRiv †cvKv `gb

Kv‡e©vdzivb RvZxq `vbv`vi KxUbvkK †hgb dzivWvb 5wR, KzivUvi 5wR, dzivUvd 5wR,
†db‡Wvi 5wR, dzivmvb 5wR, weªdvi 5wR, GwMÖdzivb 5wR, wcjvidzivb 5wR, Avjdvdzivb
5wR, diIqvdzivb 5wR, †mwgdzivb 5wR, KzwiWvb 5wR, †ndzivb 5wR, wbDdzivb 5wR, K…lvY
5wR, GWdzivb 5wR †n±i cÖwZ 40 †KwR A_ev Kv‡e©vmvjdvb †hgb gvk©vj 6wR †n±i cÖwZ
33.33 †KwR wQwU‡q cÖ‡qvM Kivi ci gvwU w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e| gvwU †fRv _vKv evÃbxq
(†ivcY/†deªæqvix)|
84
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZKvig~jK, †ekx Avµg‡Y (5%) cÖ‡hvR¨, Riæix c`‡ÿc AšÍe©vnx, Mv‡Qi kvixwiK
e„w× NUvq|
LiP †ekx, Mo `gb Kgc‡ÿ 80%, Mo djb e„w× 50% I h‡_ó jvfRbK|
mv`v Kxov ev †nvqvBUMÖvem&

White grubs, Holotrichia sp., Anomala sp., Brahmina sp, etc.
(Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae)
†nvqvBU MÖve weU‡ji hvwš¿K `gb

Avg, Rvg, KvuVvj, †cqviv, wjPz BZ¨vw` MvQ †_‡K SvuwK w`‡q †c‡o ev Av‡jv duv‡ì mvnv‡h¨
weUj¸‡jv msMÖn K‡i †g‡i †dj‡Z n‡e|
†nvqvBU MÖve weU‡ji hvwš¿K `gb †nvqvBU MÖve AvµvšÍ AvL
cÖavb êwkó
cÖwZ‡ivag~jK, mnR, GK‡hv‡M KiYxq I cwi‡ek AbyK~j|
gvSvwi LiP, h‡_ó Kvh©Ki, esk e„w× †iva K‡i Ges jvfRbK
KxUbvk‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ †nvqvBU MÖve `gb

Kv‡e©vdzivb RvZxq `vbvì KxUbvkK †hgb dzivWvb 5wR, KzivUvi 5wR, mvbdzivb 5wR,
dzivUvd 5wR, diIqvdzivb 5wR, †db‡Wvi 5wR, dzivmvb 5wR, ivRdzivb 5wR, wfUvdzivb
5wR, GwMÖdzivb 5wR, weªdvi 5wR, Av‡ivavb 5wR, wjwgKve© 5wR, †Kgdzivb 5wR,
wcjvidzivb 5wR, wcjvi 5wR, wKD-dzivb 5wR, Gg‡Kvdzivb 5wR, K…lvb 5wR, GWdzivb
5wR, BWdzivb 5wR, Avjdvdzivb 5wR, KzwiWvb 5wR, wmwgdzivb 5wR, weóv‡ib 5wR,
85
†ndzivb 5wR, mvivdzivb 5wR, cviWvb 5wR, †n·Uvi 5wR, evBdzivb 5wR, wbDdzivb 5wR,
wm‡bvWvb 5wR, BDwbdzivb 5wR, Kvi‡evUvd 5wR, †iw·dzivb 5wR, I‡qbdzivb 5wR,
G‡MÖvWvb 5wR, d÷vi 5wR, Kv‡e©vgU 5wR, †evivi 5wR, G‡MÖvWvb 5wR, B‡Kvdzivb 5wR,
Gwi‡÷vdzivb 5wR, †Wëvdzivb 5wR, Mj`vdzivb 5wR, wi‡KvWvb 5wR, Kzivdzivb 5wR,
wb‡KvWvb 5wR, GwbWvb 5wR Ges MR©Y 5wR †n±i cÖwZ 40 †KwR A_ev dzivWvb 3wR,
KzivUvi 3wR, Kv‡e©vdzivb 3wR, dzivKve© 3wR, wgivj 3wR, dzivb 3wR, wbwKWvb 3wR,
gvBdzivb 3wR, G‡ivdzivb 3wR, wKjWvb 3wR, wmdzivb 3 wRAvi †n±i cÖwZ 66 †KwR
A_ev Kv‡e©vmvjdvb †hgb gvk©vj 6wR/ K‡ivmvjdvb 6wR/wm‡bv‡Mvì 6wR †n±i cÖwZ
33.33 †KwR wQwU‡q cÖ‡qvM Kivi ci gvwU w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e| gvwU †fRv _vKv
evÃbxq| KxUbvkK gvP© I GwcÖj gv‡m cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZKvig~jK, Riæix c`‡ÿc, cÖeb GjvKvq Aek¨B cÖ‡hvR¨, AšÍe©vnx, Mv‡Qi kvixwiK
e„w× NUvq (Phytotonic effect)|
e¨qeûj, Mo `gb Kgc‡ÿ 80%, Mo djb e„w× 50%, wPwb AvniY e„w× K‡i, h‡_ó
jvfRbK|
DuB‡cvKv
Termites, Microtermes obesi Holm, Odontotermes sp, etc.
(Isoptera : Termitidae)
DuB‡cvKvi ivYx‡K †g‡i †djv

DuB Gi wXwe Lyu‡o/†f‡½ ivYx DuB Lyu‡R †ei K‡i Zv †g‡i †djv (el©vKv‡j)|
DuB‡cvKvi ivYx‡K †g‡i †djv DuB‡cvKv AvµvšÍ Av‡Li PvivMvQ
86
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZ‡ivag~jK, wKQzUv KwVb I cwi‡ek AbyK~j|
Kg LiP, esk e„w× n«vm cvq, dmj iÿY I djb e„w× nq Ges jvfRbK|
DuB‡cvKvi hvwš¿K `gb

AvµvšÍ †mU I Pviv ¸‡jv †Kv`vj w`‡q Zz‡j †cvKvmn aŸsm K‡i †djv (Rvbyqvix-gvP©)|
DuB‡cvKvi hvwš¿K `gb
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZKvig~jK, mnR I cwi‡ek AbyK~j|
gvSvwi LiP, djb e„w× N‡U I jvfRbK|
exR LÛ †kva‡bi gva¨‡g DuB‡cvKv `gb

GK wjUvi cvwb‡Z 2 MÖvg MvD‡Pv 70 WweøD Gm A_ev 1 wjUvi cvwb‡Z 1 MÖvg µzRvi 70
WweøD Gm A_ev 1 wjUvi cvwb‡Z 7 GgGj wU‡Çv 20 Bwm-`ªe‡Y 30 wgwbU †kvab Kivi
ci †ivcb Ki‡Z n‡e (†ivcYKv‡j)|
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZ‡ivag~jK, exRLÛ †kvab, cÖeY GjvKvi Rb¨, Avek¨K, Mv‡Qi kvixwiK e„w× NUvq
(Phytotonic effect)|
e¨qeûj, Mo `gb Kgc‡ÿ 80%, Mo djb e„w× 50% I h‡_ó jvfRbK|
87
gvwU †kvaK KxUbvkK Gi mvnv‡h¨ DuB‡cvKv `gb
Av‡Li exR LÛ †Uª‡Â emv‡bvi ci dvB‡cÖvwbj †hgb wi‡R›U 3wRAvi/jb‡R›U
3wRAvi/¸wj 3wRAvi/G‡ivwbj 3wRAvi/ †evbvbRv 3wRAvi/B‡Kvwbj 3wRAvi, wm‡R›U
3wRAvi, UvBMvi 3wRAvi, †dbWj 3wRAvi, iwbj 3wRAvi, iæjvi 3wRAvi, wmc&wd«b
3wRAvi, wiwd« 3wRAvi, jvi‡Rb 3wRAvi Ges B-†R›U 3wRAvi †n±i cÖwZ 16.66 †KwR
A_ev †n±i cÖwZ 1 wjUvi wi‡R›U 50Gmwm/dzKvm 50 Gmwm/G‡ivwbj 50 Gmwm, wbgv
50Gmwm, ejvKv 50Gmwm, wd‡cÖvmvb 50Gmwm, G‡mÛ 50Gmwm, wiwd« 50Gmwm, wdjevU©
50 Gmwm cvwbi m‡½ wgwk‡q †Uª‡Â cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †mU¸‡jv gvwU w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z
n‡e (†ivc‡Yi mgq)|A_ev Av‡Li †mU †Uª‡Â emv‡bvi ci BwgWv‡K¬vwcÖW †hgb GWgvqvi
20 GmGj/BwgUvd 20 GmGj/ ev¤úvi 20 Gm Gj/ i¨vwj 20 Gm Gj/ nUmyU 20
GmGj/ mvb‡K¬vwcÖW 20 GmGj/ wcÖwgqvi 200 GmGj/ †MBb 20 GmGj/ †ZR 20
GmGj/BwgWv‡Mvì 20 GmGj, G¨vWK¬K 20 GmGj Ges AvbKvU 20 GmGj †n±i cÖwZ
1 wjUvi A_ev 1.2 wjUvi wjgWv 17.8 GmGj cvwbi m‡½ wgwk‡q wmÂb Kivi ci †mU
¸‡jv †ivcb Ki‡Z n‡e (†ivcY Kv‡j)| A_ev A_ev cvBwi_ª‡qW †hgb cvDÝ 1.5wR
†n±i cÖwZ 20 †KwR wQwU‡q cÖ‡qvM Kivi ci †mU ¸‡jv gvwU w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e A_ev
†n±i cÖwZ 10 †KwR Uvjóvi 2 WweøDwc cvwbi mv‡_ wgwk‡q wmÂb Kivi ci †mU ¸‡jv
†ivcb Ki‡Z n‡e (†ivcY Kv‡j I †g gv‡m) A_ev ‡K¬vicvBwidm †hgb K¬vwmK 20Bwm/
Wvimevb 20Bwm/cvBwidm 20Bwm/ mvB‡ib 20Bwm/ †K¬viwmW 20Bwm/ G¨vg‡Kvdm
20Bwm/ †K¬vicvBwidm 20Bwm/ mvjevb 20 Bwm/ wm‡Kvevb 20Bwm/UªvB‡mj 20 Bwm/
wKlvY 20 Bwm/ †KwgwmW 20 Bwm/ cvBwievb 20 Bwm/‡ibRvi 20 Bwm, fvBdm 20 Bwm,
jywmevb 20 Bwm †n±i cÖwZ 11.25 wjUvi A_ev WyKW© 17 Bwm †n±i cÖwZ 13.23 wjUvi
A_ev wfUvKb 48 Bwm/MÖxUvi 48 Bwm †n±i cÖwZ 4.69 wjUvi A_ev †K¬vi‡Wb 40.8 Bwm
†n±i cÖwZ 5.51 wjUvi A_ev mvB‡ib 50 WweøDwc †n±i cÖwZ 4.5 †KwR A_ev wnUv‡K¬vi
25 WweøD wc †n±i cÖwZ 9.0 †KwR A_ev BwgWv‡K¬vi 10 WweøDwc †n±i cÖwZ 2.0 †KwR
cvwbi mv‡_ wgwk‡q bvjvq wmÂb Ki‡Z n‡e A_ev jimevb 15 wR/cvBwievb 15wR/
mvB‡ib 15wR/ bKevb 15wR, wfUvKb 15wR †n±i cÖwZ 15 †KwR A_ev AvKZviv 25
WweøD wR †n±i cÖwZ 300 MÖvg wQwU‡q cÖ‡qvM Kivi ci †mU ¸‡jv gvwU w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z
n‡e (†ivcY Kv‡j,gvP©, †g)| A_ev AiMv‡bvdm‡dU †hgb ivMwe 10 wR †n±i cÖwZ 20
†KwR wQwU‡q cÖ‡qvM Kivi ci †mU ¸‡jv gvwU w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e (†ivcY Kv‡j, †g)|
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZKvig~jK, gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨, cÖeY GjvKvi Rb¨ Avek¨K I Mv‡Qi
kvixwiK e„w× NUvq|
e¨q †ekx, Mo `gb Kgc‡ÿ 80%, Mo djb e„w× 50% I h‡_ó jvfRbK|
88
cvBwijv ncvi
Pyrilla leaf Hopper, Pyrilla perpusilla pusana Dist
(Hemiptera : Lophopidae)
cvBwijvi wW‡gi Mv`vi hvwš¿K `gb

cvBwijvi wW‡gi Mv`v cvZvmn msMÖn ev nv‡Z Kvco †cuwP‡q wWg wc‡k aŸsm K‡i †djv
(†deªæqvix- Ryb)|
cvBwijvi wW‡gi Mv`vi hvwš¿K `gb

cÖavb êwkó¨
cªwZ‡ivag~jK, mnR I cwi‡ek AbyK~j|
gvSvix e¨q, djb I wPwb AvniY e„w× nq|
nvZ Rvj ev Uvbv Rv‡ji mvnv‡h¨ cvBwijv aiv

nvZ Rvj ev Uvbv Rvj eënvi K‡i cvBwijvi dwos ev bxç msMÖn I †g‡i †djv (†deªæqvix-
Ryb)|
nvZ Rv‡ji mvnv‡h¨ cvBwijv aiv Uvbv Rv‡ji mvnv‡h¨ cvBwijv aiv
89
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZKvi g~jK, †gŠmy‡gi cÖ_‡g AwaK Kvh©Kix, GK‡hv‡M AbymiYxq I cwi‡ek AbyK~j|
gvSvix e¨q, djb I wPwb AvniY e„w× nq|
cvBwijvi ˆRweK `gb

wW¤^ ciRxwe (†UUªvmwUKvm cvBwiwj) AvµvšÍ wW‡gi Mv`v cvZvmn ev dwos Gi ciRxwe
BwcwiKvwbqv †gjv‡bvwjDKvi wcDcv (cvZvmn) cvBwijv AvµvšÍ Rwg‡Z ¯’vbvšÍi Kivi
gva¨‡g `gb (†g- A‡±vei)|
BwcwiKvwbqv †gjv‡bvwjDKvi wcDcv
cÖavb êwkó¨
cÖwZKvig~jK, †UUªvmwUKvm cvBwiwj Ges BwcwiKvwbqv †gjv‡bvwjDKv †Pbv Avek¨K I
cwi‡ek AbyK~j|
gvSvix e¨qeûj, m‡šÍvlRbK `gb I jvfRbK|
90
g„wËKv I cywó wefvM
K…wl cwi‡ek AÂ‡ji Rb¨ dj‡bi jÿ¨gvÎv Abyhvqx Aby‡gvw`Z mv‡ii
mycvwikgvjv
Bÿzi djb e„w×i †ÿ‡Î mv‡ii cÖfve me‡P‡q †ewk| mwVK gvÎvq, mwVK mg‡q Ges mwVK
wbq‡g mvi cÖ‡qvM Kivi gva¨‡g GKw`‡K †hgb Bÿzi djb e„w× cvq Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb Bÿzi
g‡a¨ wPwb I ¸‡oi cwigvbI e„w× cvq| wewfbœ K…wl cwi‡ek AÂ‡j gvwUi De©iZvkw³ I
Drcv`bkxjZv we‡ePbv K‡i AvL Pv‡l mv‡ii mwVK gvÎv I cÖ‡qvM wewa wba©viY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| weGAviwm cÖKvwkZ dvwU©jvBRvi wiK‡g‡Ûkb MvBWÕ2005 G weGmAviAvB Gi
M‡elYvjä djvd‡ji wfwË‡Z wewfbœ K…wl cwi‡ek AÂ‡ji Rb¨ mv‡ii gvÎv wba©viY Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
djb mv‡ii gvÎv

K…wl cwi‡ek wPwbKj jÿ¨gvÎv
( Ub/ (†KwR/†n±i)
AÂj AÂj †n±i )
BDwiqv wUGmwc Ggwc wRcmvg g¨vM‡bwkqvg wR¼ ‡eviv·
A·vBW mvj‡dU
1. wngvj‡qi †mZveMÄ, 82.0+8.2 270 175 200 140 50 7 20

Ñ
cyivZb cv`f~wg cÂMo, (125) (35) (100) (25) (30) (2.5) (2)
(cÂMo, VvKziMvuI I VvKziMvuI
w`bvRcyi †Rjvmg~n) wPwbKj
3. wZ¯Ív mwc©j iscyi, 100+10.0 325 250 260 165 25 7 -

Ñ
cøveb f~wg (iscyi, k¨vgcyi I (150) (50) (130) (30) (15) (2.5)
e¸ov, RqcyinvU, RqcyinvU
bIMuv, cÂMo I wPwbKj
w`bvRcyi †Rjvmg~n)
8. eªþcyÎ I wRjevsjv I 100+10.0 325 200 200 165 - 7 -

hgybvi bZzb Ñ
KvwjqvPvciv (150) (40) (100) (30) (2.5)
cøveb f~wg wPwbKj
(†kicyi, Rvgvjcyi,
Uv½vBj, gvwbKMÄ,
XvKv, gywÝMÄ,
bvivqbMÄ, MvRxcyi,
gqgbwmsn,
wK‡kviMÄ,Ges
biwms`x †Rjvmg~n)
91
9. eªþcyÎ cyivZb H 100+10.0 325 250 260 140 - 7 -
cøveb f~wg (†kicyi, Ñ
(150) (50) (130) (25) (2.5)
Rvgvjcyi, Uv½vBj,
gvwbKMÄ, XvKv,
gywÝMÄ, bvivqbMÄ,
MvRxcyi, gqgbwmsn,
wK‡kviMÄ, Ges
biwms`x †Rjvmg~n)
11. M½v b`x bv‡Uvi, 100+10.0 325 250 180 190 - 10 -
we‡aŠZ E”P mgf~wg cvebv, Ñ
(150) (50) (90) (34) (3.5)
(ivRkvnx, cvebv , ivRkvnx,
beveMÄ, bIMuv, RqcyinvU,
Kzwóqv, †g‡nicyi, Kzwóqv, ‡Kiæ
PzqvWv½v, wSbvB`n, GÛ ‡Kvs
gv¸ov, h‡kvi, †gveviKMÄ
mvZwÿiv, Lyjbv I I dwi`cyi
bovBj †Rjvmg~n) wPwbKj
12. M½v b`x Kzwóqv, 100+10.0 300 180 130 195 - 10 -
we‡aŠZ wbgœ mgf~wg bv‡Uvi Ñ
(140) (36) (65) (35) (3.5)
(cvebv , bv‡Uvi, ‡gveviKMÄ
†Mvqvj›`, dwi`cyi, , dwi`cyi
gv`vixcyi, I cvebv
†MvcvjMÄ, Kzwóqv, wPwbKj
kwiqZcyi, Lyjbv,
bovBj, ev‡MinvU,
ewikvj, gvwbKMÄ
I XvKv †Rjvmg~n)
25. mgZj e‡i›`ª †mZveMÄ I 100+10.0 300 220 260 165 33 7 -
AÂj (e¸ov, Ñ
RqcyinvU (140) (44) (130) (30) (20) (2.5)
RqcyinvU, bIMuv, wPwbKj
bv‡Uvi, wmivRMÄ,
MvBevÜv I
w`bvRcyi
†Rjvmg~n)
26. DPzu e‡i›`ª ivRkvnx I 90.0+9.0 270 220 200 165 33 7 -
AÂj (ivRkvnx, Ñ
RqcyinvU (125) (40) (100) (30) (20) (2.5)
bIMuv, beveMÄ, I wPwbKj
w`bvRcyi
†Rjvmg~n)
27. DËi c~e© RqcyinvU, 90.0+9.0 270 220 200 140 33 7 -
e‡i›`ª AÂj Ñ
iscyi I (125) (40) (100) (25) (20) (2.5)
(e¸ov, RqcyinvU, †mZveMÄ
MvBevÜv, iscyi I wPwbKj
w`bvRcyi
†Rjvmg~n)
92
28. gaycyi Mo KvwjqvPvciv 90.0+9.0 270 220 (40) (100) (30) (20) (2.5)
Ñ
(Uv½vBj, XvKv, wPwbKj (125) 200 165 33 7 -
bvivqbMÄ, MvRxcyi,
gqgbwmsn,
wK‡kviMÄ,Ges
biwms`x †Rjvmg~n)
29. DËi c~e© 80.0+8.0 240 150 180 110 33 7 -

cvnvox AÂj Ñ
(110) (30) (90) (20) (20) (2.5)
(LvMovQwo , PUªMÖvg,
cve©Z¨ PUªMÖvg,
ev›ìeb, K·evRvi,
nweMÄ, ‡gŠjfxevRvi,
†kicyi I gqgbwmsn
†Rjvmg~n)
30. AvLvDov 80.0+8.0 240 150 160 110 33 7 -

†mvcvb Ñ
(110) (30) (80) (20) (20) (2.5)
(eªvþYevoxqv I
nweMÄ †Rjvmg~n)
mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ

†e‡j gvwUi Rb¨
Bÿy †ivc‡Yi c~‡e© m¤ú~Y© dm‡dU, wRcmvg, wR¼, g¨vM‡bwmqvg Ges GK Z…Zxqvsk BDwiqv
I A‡a©K cUvk mvi bvjvq cÖ‡qvM K‡i †Kv`vj Øviv nvjKvfv‡e Kzwc‡q gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q
w`‡Z n‡e| GK Z…Zxqvsk BDwiqv I cUvk mvi Bÿzi Kzwk Drcv`b mg‡q (120-150
w`‡bi g‡a¨) Dcwi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| evKx GK Z…Zxqvsk BDwiqv I cUvk mvi cÖ_g
Dcwi cÖ‡qv‡Mi GK gvm c‡iB wØZxq `dvq Dcwi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e |
G‡Uj gvwUi Rb¨
Bÿy †ivc‡Yi c~‡e© m¤ú~Y© dm‡dU, wRcmvg, wR¼, g¨vM‡bwmqvg Ges A‡a©K BDwiqv I
A‡a©K cUvk mvi bvjvq cÖ‡qvM K‡i †Kv`vj Øviv nvjKvfv‡e Kzwc‡q gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e
wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| evKx A‡a©K BDwiqv I cUvk mvi Bÿzi Kzwk Drcv`b mg‡q (120-150
w`‡bi g‡a¨) Dcwi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
†ivcv Bÿy †ÿ‡Zi Rb¨
Bÿy †ivc‡Yi c~‡e© m¤ú~Y© dm‡dU, wRcmvg, wR¼, g¨vM‡bwmqvg mvi bvjvq cÖ‡qvM K‡i
†Kv`vj Øviv nvjKvfv‡e Kzwc‡q gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| BDwiqv I cUvk
mvi Pviv †ivc‡Yi c~‡e© cÖ‡qvM bv K‡i Pviv †ivc‡Yi 20-30 w`b ci A‡a©K BDwiqv I
cUvk mvi Pvivi †Mvovq ¯’vbxqfv‡e cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
93
evKx A‡a©K BDwiqv I cUvk mvi Bÿzi Kzwk Drcv`b mg‡q (120-150 w`‡bi g‡a¨) Dcwi
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
mvi Dcwi cÖ‡qv‡Mi mgq Rwg‡Z ch©vß im _vKv Avek¨K| †m‡Pi eë¯’v bv _vK‡j e„wói
Rb¨ A‡cÿv Ki‡Z n‡e| Dcwi cÖ‡qv†Mi ciciB mvi¸‡jv gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q
w`‡Z n‡e|
wPÎ: bvjvq mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ
ˆRe mvi cÖ‡qvM t Rwgi De©iZv I Bÿyi Drcv`b ÿgZv msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ †n±i cÖwZ 15
Ub †Mvei / †cÖmgvW ˆRe mvi wn‡m‡e Bÿy †ivc‡Yi c~‡e©B bvjvq cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwUi mv‡_
fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
wPÎ: mv‡ii Dcwi cÖ‡qvM(Uc †Wªwms)

ˆRe mvi cÖ‡qvM †UKmB AvL Drcv`b wbwðZ K‡i| gvwUi ¯^v¯’¨ msiÿ‡Y GwU mnvqK n‡e|
¸o Drcv`‡b bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi mycvwik

mwVK gvÎvq, mwVK mg‡q Ges mwVK wbq‡g mvi cÖ‡qvM Kivi gva¨‡g GKw`‡K †hgb Bÿzi
djb e„w× cvq Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb Bÿzi g‡a¨ wPwb I ¸‡oi cwigvbI e„w× cvq| `vbv`vi ¸o
ˆZix Ges ¸o RgvU euvavi †ÿ‡Î bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| G j‡ÿ¨
weGmAviAvB gaycyi AÂ‡j (kªxcyi Dc‡Rjv) I M½v we‡aŠZ D”P mgf~wg GjvKv we‡kl
K‡i Ck¦i`x I PuvcvB beveMÄ GjvKvq bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi Dci M‡elYv K‡i
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi mgq wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
94
mv‡ii cwigvY
AÂj BDwiqv wUGmwc Ggwc wRcmvg g¨vM‡bwkqvg A·vBW wR¼ mvj‡dU
†KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n:
M½v we‡aŠZ D”P mgf~wg 325 250 180 190 - 10

gaycyi AÂj 270 220 200 165 33 7
mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ

gaycyi AÂ‡ji (kªxcyi Dc‡Rjv) Rb¨
†Kv`vj w`‡q nvjKvfv‡e Kzwc‡q gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Av‡Li D”P djb
I DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I cUvk mvi wZb av‡c cÖ‡qvM Kiv cÖ‡qvRb
(GK Z…Zxqvsk †ivc‡Yi mgq, GK Z…Zxqvsk †ivc‡Yi 90 w`b ci Ges evKx Ask †ivc‡Yi
150 w`b ci) cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
M½v we‡aŠZ D”P mgf~wg GjvKvi Rb¨
†Kv`vj Øviv nvjKvfv‡e Kzwc‡q gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Ck¦i`x I PuvcvB
beveMÄ GjvKvq bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mvi `yB av‡c cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j (1/2 Ask †ivc‡Yi mgq Ges
Aewkóvsk †ivc‡Yi 120 w`b ci ) Av‡Li fvj djb I DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o cvIqv hvq|
ˆRe mvi cÖ‡qvM
Rwgi De©iZv I Bÿyi Drcv`b ÿgZv msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ †n±icÖwZ 15 Ub †Mvei / †cÖmgvW
ˆRe mvi wn‡m‡e Bÿy †ivc‡Yi c~‡e©B bvjvq cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z
n‡e| G‡Z DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o Drcv`b I Av‡Li D”P djb wbwðZ n‡e| gvwUi De©iZv I
¸bMZ gvb eRvq ivLv m¤¢e n‡e|
Pi GjvKvi Dc‡hvMx wewfbœ mv‡ii gvÎv wba©viY

†`‡k Avev`x Rwgi cwigvY K‡g hv‡”Q Ges wewfbœ meRx dmj DuPz Rwg `Lj K‡i wb‡”Q
d‡j Bÿzi AvevÌ K‡g hv‡”Q| Bÿzi Avev` e„w× Ges wPwb wkí‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ bZzb
bZzb GjvKvq Bÿz Pvl‡K m¤cÖmvwiZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| GB jÿ¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L †`‡ki bZzb
GKwU GjvKv PivÂ‡j (cÖvq 2.0 jÿ †n±i) Bÿz Pvl‡K m¤cÖmvwiZ Kiv Riæix| Bÿzi
djb e„w×i †ÿ‡Î mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi cªfve me‡P‡q †ewk| Bÿz Rwg‡Z GK eQ‡ii †ewk mgq
e¨vcx _v‡K| Bÿzi GKi cÖwZ †gvU djb Ab¨vb¨ dm‡ji Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk| d‡j Gi
Lv`¨ Ges cywó Dcv`v‡bi Pvwn`vI A‡bK †ewk| mvi g~jZ GK ev GKvwaK cywó Dcv`vb
mg„× cÖvK„wZK ev KjKviLvbvq ˆZwi ˆRe I A‰Re c`v_© hv dm‡ji cywó Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi
95
Rb¨ Bÿz Pv‡l gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM Kiv AZ¨šÍ Riæix| G j‡ÿ¨ weGmAviAvB PivÂ‡j Bÿz Pv‡l
mv‡ii gvÎv wba©viY K‡i‡Q|
mv‡ii cwigvY
BDwiqv †KwR/‡n: wUGmwc †KwR/‡n: Ggwc †KwR/‡n: wRcmvg †KwR/‡n:
210 381 160 226
mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ

Bÿy †ivc‡Yi c~‡e© m¤ú~Y© dm‡dU, wRcmvg, wR¼, g¨vM‡bwmqvg Ges GK Z…Zxqvsk BDwiqv
I cUvk mvi bvjvq cÖ‡qvM K‡i †Kv`vj Øviv nvjKvfv‡e Kzwc‡q gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q w`‡Z
n‡e| GK Z…Zxqvsk BDwiqv I cUvk mvi Bÿzi Kzwk Drcv`b mg‡q (120-150 w`‡bi
g‡a¨) Dcwi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| evKx GK Z…Zxqvsk BDwiqv I cUvk mvi cÖ_g Dcwi
cÖ‡qv‡Mi GK gvm c‡iB wØZxq `dvq Dcwi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e |
ˆRe mvi cÖ‡qvM
Rwgi De©iZv I Bÿyi Drcv`b ÿgZv msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ †n±icÖwZ 15 Ub †Mvei / †cÖmgvW
ˆRe mvi wn‡m‡e Bÿy †ivc‡bi c~‡e©B bvjvq cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z
n‡e|
Pi GjvKvq †UKmB AvL Drcv`b wbwðZ n‡e| G cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g Pi GjvKv‡K AvL Pv‡li
AvIZvq Avbv m¤¢e n‡e|
AvL Drcv`‡b mgwš^Z c×wZ‡Z ˆRe I A‰Re mv‡ii eënvi

mwVK gvÎvq, mwVK mg‡q Ges wbq‡g mvi cÖ‡qvM Kivi gva¨‡g GKw`‡K †hgb Bÿzi djb
e„w× cvq Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb Bÿzi g‡a¨ wPwb I ¸‡oi cwigvYI e„w× cvq| Avgv‡ì †`‡k
0.41 wgwjqb †n±i Rwg‡Z Bÿzi Pvlvev` Kiv nq Ges GwU mv`v wPwbi GKgvÎ Drm| GB
dmjwU cÖavbZ e„wó eûj DuPz Rwg‡Z Pvl Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡k Bÿy Pv‡li AvIZvaxb
wmsnfvM Rwg‡Z ˆRe c`v‡_©i cwigvb wbgœ, mvaviYZ 0-15 †mw›UwgUvi gvwU‡Z kZKiv
1.5 fv‡Mi Kg| mvaviYZ gvwU‡Z kZKiv 2.5-3.0 fvM ˆRe c`v_© †UKmB dmj
Drcv`‡bi Dc‡hvMx we‡ePbv Kiv nq| †h‡nZz Bÿy GKwU `xN©‡gqv`x I AwaK cywó
MÖnYKvix dmj Ges AwaK ev‡qvgvm Drcbœ K‡i ZvB Gi ¯^vfvweK e„w×i Rb¨ gvwU n‡Z
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ekx cwigvb cywó MÖnY K‡i| gvwU‡Z cywói e¨vcK NvUwZi Kvi‡b Bÿy
Pvlvaxb Rwg Kg De©i nq, d‡j Drcv`b Kg nq| gvwU‡Z ch©vß ˆRe c`v_© I MÖnY‡hvM¨
cywó Dcv`vb _vK‡j Bÿzi djb fvj nq| gvwU‡Z ˆRe I A‰Re mv‡ii mgwš^Z cÖ‡qv‡Mi
gva¨‡g cywó Dcv`v‡bi NvUwZ c~iY Kiv hvq| M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q cyivZb wngvj‡qi
cv`f~wg AÂ‡j AvL Drcv`‡b 75% Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvq ivmvqwbK mv‡ii mv‡_ †nt cÖwZ 15
Ub †cÖmgvW †ivc‡Yi mgq bvjvq cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡j Av‡Li
djb fvj nq Ges ivmvqwbK mvi eve` LiPI Kg nq|
96
mv‡ii cwigvY
BDwiqv wUGmwc Ggwc wRcmvg g¨vM‡bwkqvg wR¼ mvj‡dU †eviv· ˆRe mvi
†KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: A·vBW†KwR/‡n †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: Ub/‡n:
203 131 150 105 38 5 15 15
mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ

Bÿy †ivc‡Yi c~‡e© m¤ú~Y© dm‡dU, wRcmvg, wR¼, GK Z…Zxqvsk BDwiqv I cUvk Ges
m¤ú~Y© ˆRe mvi bvjvq cÖ‡qvM K‡i †Kv`vj Øviv nvjKvfv‡e Kzwc‡q gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q w`‡Z
wPÎ : ˆRe I A‰Re mvi GK‡Î cÖ‡qvMK…Z M‡elYv cøU
G cÖhyw³ †UKmB AvL Drcv`b I gvwUi ¯^v¯’¨ msiÿY K‡i|
`xN© †gqv`x gywo AvL we‡kl K‡i GKwU cÖavb dmjmn `yÕwU gywo AvL Pv‡li
Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z mv‡ii gvÎv wba©viY
wg‡j AvMvg Bÿz mieivn A_ev AvMvg ¸o Drcv`b K‡i AwaK gybvdv jvf Ges Drcv`b
e¨q Kgv‡bvi j‡ÿ¨ M½v we‡aŠZ D”P mgf~wg GjvKvq AvL Drcv`‡b gvwUi De©iZv I
¸YMZ gvb eRvq †i‡L D”P dj‡bi Rb¨ gywo Bÿz Pv‡l mv‡ii gvÎv wba©viY Kiv nq|
mv‡ii cwigvY
M½v we‡aŠZ D”P mgf~wg GjvKvq AvL Drcv`‡b gvwUi De©iZv I ¸YMZ gvb eRvq †i‡L
D”P dj‡bi Rb¨ †n±i cÖwZ 15 Ub Lvgvi RvZ mvi (FYM) A_ev †cÖmgv‡Wi (Press
mud) mv‡_ Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvi 25% Kg ivmvqwbK mvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| gywo Av‡L ïaygvÎ
97
50% AwZwi³ BDwiqv mvi cÖavb dm‡ji †P‡q †ekx cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr g~j AvL
I gywo AvL Pv‡l mycvwikK…Z mv‡ii cwigvb wb¤œiƒc
dmj BDwiqv wUGmwc Ggwc wRcmvg wR¼ mvj‡dU ˆRe mvi

†KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: Ub/‡n:
g~j AvL 245 190 135 142 7.5 15

gywo AvL 368 190 135 142 7.5 15
mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ

g~j Av‡Li Rb¨
Bÿy †ivc‡Yi c~‡e© m¤ú~Y© dm‡dU, wRcmvg, wR¼, GK Z…Zxqvsk BDwiqv I cUvk Ges
m¤ú~Y© ˆRe mvi bvjvq cÖ‡qvM K‡i †Kv`vj Øviv nvjKvfv‡e Kzwc‡q gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q w`‡Z
gywo Av‡Li Rb¨
÷vej †mwfs Gi 25-30 w`b ci m¤ú~Y© dm‡dU, wRcmvg, wR¼, GK Z…Zxqvsk BDwiqv
I cUvk Ges m¤ú~Y© ˆRe mvi cÖ‡qvM K‡i †Kv`vj Øviv nvjKvfv‡e Kzwc‡q gvwUi mv‡_
wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| GK Z…Zxqvsk BDwiqv I cUvk mvi Bÿzi Kzwk Drcv`b mg‡q
(120-150 w`‡bi g‡a¨) Dcwi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| evKx GK Z…Zxqvsk BDwiqv I cUvk
mvi cÖ_g Dcwi cÖ‡qv‡Mi GK gvm c‡iB wØZxq `dvq Dcwi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e | GLv‡b
D‡jøL¨ †h gywo AvL Pv‡l g~j Av‡Li †P‡q 50% BDwiqv †ekx cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq|
wPÎ: M‡elYv cøU
98
ˆRe I ivmvqwbK mv‡ii mgwš^Z eënv‡ii gva¨‡g †UKmB gywo AvL Drcv`b wbwðZ K‡i|
g„wËKvi De©iZv I Drcvw`Kv kw³ e„w× K‡i | exR eve` †Kvb LiP nqbv|
A¤øagx© gvwU‡Z AvL Drcv`‡b W‡jvPzb [Dolomitic lime-Ca Mg

(CO3)2] mv‡ii eënvi
Avgiv Rvwb †h pH evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ Ca, Mg Gi MÖnb‡hvM¨Zv Mv‡Qi Rb¨ e„w× cvq|
W†jvPzb gvwUi A¤øZ¡ Kgvq Ges cwi‡e‡ki Dci Gi †Kvb weiæc cÖfve †bB| weGmAviAvB
M‡elYvi gva¨‡g Bÿz Pv‡l W‡jvPzb Gi gvÎv Ges cÖ‡qvM welqK cÖhyw³ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q|
mv‡ii cwigvY
BDwiqv wUGmwc Ggwc wRcmvg W‡jvPzb wR¼ mvj‡dU †eviv· ˆRe mvi
†KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n †KwR/‡n: Ub/‡n:
270 175 200 140 360 7 20 15
mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ

Bÿy †ivc‡Yi c~‡e© m¤ú~Y© dm‡dU, wRcmvg, wR¼, W‡jvPzb, †eviv·, GK Z…Zxqvsk BDwiqv
I cUvk Ges m¤ú~Y© ˆRe mvi mvi bvjvq cÖ‡qvM K‡i †Kv`vj Øviv nvjKvfv‡e Kzwc‡q gvwUi
mv‡_ wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| GK Z…Zxqvsk BDwiqv I cUvk mvi Bÿzi Kzwk Drcv`b mg‡q
(120-150 w`‡bi g‡a¨) Dcwi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| evKx GK Z…Zxqvsk BDwiqv I cUvk
mvi cÖ_g Dcwi cÖ‡qv‡Mi GK gvm c‡iB wØZxq `dvq Dcwi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e |
wPÎ: W‡jvPzb cÖ‡qvMK…Z cøU
99
A¤øagx© gvwU‡Z †UKmB AvL Drcv`b wbwðZ K‡i| W‡jvPzb cÖ‡qv‡M †nt cÖwZ 16 †_‡K 29
Ub AwZwi³ Av‡Li djb cvIqv wM‡q‡Q|
†e‡j I A¤øagx© gvwU‡Z AvL Drcv`‡b mjy‡evi (20%†eviY) mvi cÖ‡qvM

Avgiv Rvwb †h pH 7 Gi ci †evi‡Yi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv Mv‡Qi Rb¨ K‡g hvq| weGmAviAvB
M‡elYvi gva¨‡g Bÿz Pv‡l mjy‡evi Gi gvÎv Ges cÖ‡qvM welqK cÖhyw³ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q|
mv‡ii cwigvY
BDwiqv wUGmwc Ggwc wRcmvg g¨vM‡bwkqvg wR¼ mvj‡dU mjy‡evi ˆRe mvi
†KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: A·vBW †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: †KwR/‡n: Ub/‡n:
270 175 200 140 50 7 20 15
mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ

Bÿy †ivc‡Yi c~‡e© m¤ú~Y© dm‡dU, wRcmvg, wR¼, g¨vM‡bwkqvg A·vBW, mjy‡evi, GK
Z…Zxqvsk BDwiqv I cUvk Ges m¤ú~Y© ˆRe mvi bvjvq cÖ‡qvM K‡i †Kv`vj Øviv nvjKvfv‡e
Kzwc‡q gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| GK Z…Zxqvsk BDwiqv I cUvk mvi Bÿzi Kzwk
Drcv`b mg‡q (120-150 w`‡bi g‡a¨) Dcwi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| evKx GK Z…Zxqvsk
BDwiqv I cUvk mvi cÖ_g Dcwi cÖ‡qv‡Mi GK gvm c‡iB wØZxq `dvq Dcwi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
n‡e |
wPÎ: mjy‡evi cÖ‡qvMK…Z cøU
†e‡j I A¤øagx© gvwU‡Z †UKmB AvL Drcv`b wbwðZ K‡i| mjy‡evi mvi cÖ‡qv‡M †nt cÖwZ
17 †_‡K 19 Ub AwZwi³ Av‡Li djb cvIqv †M‡Q|
100
AvL Drcv`‡b mylg gvÎvq wgkªmv‡ii eënvi
Avgv‡ì †`‡k 0.41 wgwjqb †n±i Rwg‡Z Bÿzi Pvlvev` Kiv nq Ges GwU mv`v wPwbi
GKgvÎ Drm| GB dmjwU cÖavbZ e„wó eûj DuPz Rwg‡Z Pvl Kiv nq | †h‡nZz Bÿy GKwU
`xN©‡gqv`x I AwaK cywó MÖnYKvix dmj Ges AwaK ev‡qvgvm Drcbœ K‡i ZvB Gi ¯^vfvweK
e„w×i Rb¨ gvwU n‡Z Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ekx cwigvb cywó MÖnY K‡i| gvwU‡Z cywói e¨vcK
NvUwZi Kvi‡Y Bÿy Pvlvaxb Rwg Kg De©i nq, d‡j Drcv`b Kg nq| gvwU‡Z ch©vß ˆRe
c`v_© I MÖnY‡hvM¨ cywó Dcv`vb _vK‡j Bÿzi djb fvj nq| Ab¨vb¨ dm‡ji b¨vq Bÿz Pv‡l
wgkÖmvi eënv‡ii Rb¨ weGmAviAvB wewfbœ gvÎvi wgkÖmvi wb‡q M‡elYv K‡i Bÿz Pv‡l
wgkÖmv‡ii gvÎv Ges cÖ‡qvM welqK cÖhyw³ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q|
mvi eë¯’vcbv
M½v we‡aŠZ D”P mgf~wg GjvKvq Bÿz Pv‡l NPKS Gi AbycvZ 10:22:15:6 hy³ wgkÖmvi
†n: cÖwZ 500 †KwR Gi mv‡_ 3.5 †KwR `¯Ív mvi Rwg ˆZixi mgq cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e Ges
215 †KwR BDwiqv `yB `dvq (1g `dv AvL †ivc‡Yi 120-150 w`b Ges 2q `dv
150-180 w`b ci) Dcwi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Rwgi De©iZv I Bÿyi Drcv`b ÿgZv
msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ †n±icÖwZ 15 Ub †Mvei / †cÖmgvW ˆRe mvi wn‡m‡e Bÿy †ivc‡Yi c~‡e©B
bvjvq cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
wPÎ: mylg gvÎvq wgkªmvi cÖ‡qvMK…Z Av‡Li †ÿZ
†UKmB AvL Drcv`b wbwðZ K‡i| gvwUi ¯^v¯’¨ msiÿ‡Y GwU mnvqK n‡e|
101
mvi cÖ‡qvM welqK cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqK cÖhyw³
mnvqK cÖhyw³ cÖhyw³ welqK mswÿß weeiY

1. BÿzRvZ wbe©vPb mswkøó K…wl cwi‡ek AÂ‡ji Rb¨ DPz, gvSvix DPz Rwg‡Z
Pvlvev` Dc‡hvMx mycvwikK…Z RvZ wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. exR wbe©vPb I †kvab mycvwikK…Z DbœZ Rv‡Zi cÖZ¨vwqZ exR‡ÿZ n‡Z cwi”Qbœ I my¯’
exR wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ¯‘ZK…Z exRLÛ †kva‡bi Rb¨
e¨vwfwób ev †bvBb bvgK QÎvKbvkK `ªe‡Y (Jla I cvwbi
AbycvZ 1t1000) 30 wgwbU Wzwe‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|
3. Bÿzi †ivcYKvj A‡±vei - b‡f¤î
4. †ivcY c×wZ mbvZb/ †ivcv c×wZ‡Z bvjvq †ivcY
5.†ivM-evjvB eë¯’vcbv Bÿz †ÿ‡Z evwn¨Kfv‡e †h †Kvb exRevwnZ †ivM h_v: jvj cPv,
¯§vU, mv`v cvZv, jxd ¯‹¨vì cÖf…wZ †ivM †`Lv w`‡j Zv Svomn
Zz‡j cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|
6.ÿwZKviK †cvKv `gb K. hvwš¿K c×wZ: WMvi gvRiv †cvKv I cvBwijvi
cyY©v½/bxç/wW‡gi Mv`v msMÖn K‡i aŸsm Ki‡Z n‡e|
L. WMvi gvRiv †cvKv-Kv‡ev©dzivb 5wR - 4 †KwR/‡n±i
Kv‡Ûi gvRiv †cvKv- cv`vb 4wR - 75 †KwR/ †n±i
†Mvovi gvRiv †cvKv- jimevb 15 wR - 15 †KwR/‡n±i
†nvqvBU MÖve- Kv‡e©vdzivb 5wR - 40 †KwR/‡n±i
DB‡cvKv - wi‡R›U 3wRAvi - 33 †KwR/‡n±i A_ev
wi‡R›U 50 Bwm - 2 wjUvi/‡n±i
7. AvšÍ: cwiPh©v K. cÖ‡qvRb mv‡c‡ÿ gvwU AvjMv K‡i w`‡Z n‡e Ges Rwg
AvMvQvgy³ ivL‡Z n‡e|
L. cÖ‡qvRbgZ 2-5 wU †mP w`‡Z n‡e|
8. dmj msMÖn cwic° dmj h_vmg‡q msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|
102
cÖwkÿY I cÖhyw³ n¯ÍvšÍi wefvM
µwgK cÖhyw³i bvg I c×wZ/weeiY êwkó¨ A_©‰bwZK

bs ¸iæZ¡
1| DbœZ Drcv`b cÖhyw³ G cÖhyw³wU mKj G cÖhyw³ Bÿz
m¤úªmvi‡Yi nvi e„w×i Rb¨ cÖhyw³ n¯ÍvšÍi m¤úªmviY Kg©Kv‡Ûi
wbgœwjwLZ welqmg~n we‡ePbv Kg©KvÛ ev¯Íevq‡b LiP Kgvq d‡j
Kiv DwPZ- h‡_ó mnvqK| Gi cÖhyw³ n¯ÍvšÍi
K) A‡cÿvK…Z Kg eqmx d‡j cÖhyw³ jvfRbK nq|
BÿzPvlx‡ì Dci m¤úªmvi‡Y Kg©iZ
m¤úªmviY Kg©KvÛ e¨w³‡ì Kv‡Ri MwZ
cwiPvjbv †ekx Kvh©Ki| I mdjZv DfqB
L) A‡cÿvK…Z wkwÿZ e„w× cvq|
BÿzPvlx‡ì Dci
m¤úªmviY Kg©Kv‡Ûi
mdjZv †ekx nq|
M) BÿzPvlx‡ì cwiev‡ii
†jvKmsL¨v wKsev
Lvgv‡ii AvqZb Bÿz
cÖhyw³ MÖnY nv‡ii Dci
†Zgb †Kvb cÖfve †d‡j
bv|
N) A‡cÿvK…Z AwaK Av‡qi
PvlxivB bZzb cÖhyw³ †ekx
MÖnY K‡i|
O) Km‡gv‡cvjvBU BÿzPvlx‡ì
cÖhyw³ MÖnY nvi †ekx|
P) wewfbœ msMV‡bi m‡½
RwoZ BÿzPvlx‡ì cÖhyw³
m¤ú‡K© AeMwZ I cÖhyw³
MÖnY nvi †ekx|
2| M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q K…lK‡ì Ávb Qvov `ÿZv Pvlx‡ì Áv‡bvbœq‡bi
Bÿz cªhyw³i Knowledge- ev‡o bv| G cÖhyw³wU `ªæZ I Kvh©Ki
gap m~PK h‡_ó †ekx| GRb¨ Bÿz Pvlx‡ì Áv‡bi c`‡ÿc GwU| Gi
wbqwgZ BÿzPvlx‡ì cÖwkÿ‡Yi gvÎv e„w×i Rb¨ d‡j cÖhyw³ n¯ÍvšÍi
eë¯’v Kiv evÃYxq| Aek¨ KiYxq| Kg©KvÛ jvfRbK
nq|
103
µwgK cÖhyw³i bvg I c×wZ/weeiY êwkó¨ A_©‰bwZK
bs ¸iæZ¡
3| cÖwkÿY †k‡l g~j¨vqY Ges cÖwkÿ‡Yi Kvh©KvwiZv G cÖhyw³ mKj
cieZx©‡Z d‡jvAvc cÖwkÿ‡Yi e„w×i Rb¨ G cÖhyw³wU cÖhyw³n¯ÍvšÍi Kg©Kv‡Ûi
Kvh©KvwiZv e„w× K‡i| Acwinvh©| g~j¨vqY I mdjZv e„w× K‡i|
d‡jvAvc mKj cÖhyw³ d‡j cÖhyw³ n¯ÍvšÍi
n¯ÍvšÍi Kg©Kv‡Ûi Kg©Kv‡Û AwaK
ev¯Íevq‡Y mdjZv jvfRbK nq|
e„w× K‡i|
4| Bÿz Pvlx cÖwkÿ‡Y BÿzRvZ bZzb BÿzRvZ b~Zb BÿzRvZ

m¤úªmviY KxU weZiY GKwU m¤úªmvi‡Y ¯^í m¤úªmvi‡Y GKev‡i
Kvh©Ki c`‡ÿc cÖhyw³ RvqMvi Dc‡hvMx †ekx msL¨K Pvlxi
m¤úªmvi‡Y GKB ai‡Yi exR, mvi I Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Q b~Zb BÿzRvZ
miÄv‡gi mgš^‡q †cŠu‡Q e‡j ÒRvZ
(†nv‡gv‡Rbvm) BÿzPvlx
MwVZ KxU; hv m¤úªmviY KxUÓ
Kvh©µ‡gi Kvh©KvwiZv D”PweË, ga¨weË I weZiY Kvh©µg
A‡cÿvK…Z †ekx| wbgœweË Pvlx‡ì AZ¨šÍ djcÖmy Ges
(†nv‡gv‡Rbvm) `‡j m¤úªmviY LiP Kg
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j AwaK nq|
mdjZv cvIqv hvq|
5| Bÿy Pv‡li DbœZ cÖhyw³ Bÿ Pvlx‡ì Áv‡bi eQie¨vcx cÖ‡qvM

m¤úªmvi‡Y Bÿz wfwËK Lvgvi cvkvcvwk `ÿZv e„w×i nIqvq Ges mKj
¯‹zj GKwU Kvh©Ki I mvgwMÖK m‡ev©rK…ó cÖhyw³ GwU| BÿzPvl cÖhyw³ mdj
(†nvwjwóK) c`‡ÿc| Gi gva¨‡g Ávb, Ges `ªæZ we¯Ív‡ii
g‡bvfve I AwfÁZvi mnvqK nIqvq cÖhyw³
Dbœqb N‡U| n¯ÍvšÍi Kg©KvÛ
jvfRbK nq|
6| Bÿz Pv‡li DbœZ cÖhyw³i Dci G cÖhyw³wU G cÖhyw³wUi d‡j

cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi d‡j Pvlx‡ì BÿzPvlx‡ì Ávb, bZzb cÖhyw³i MÖnY
Áv‡bi gvÎv I `ÿZv e„w× cvq `ÿZv I `„wófw½ gvÎv `ªæZ e„w× cvIqvq
Ges `„wófw½i cwieZ©b nq| cwieZ©‡b mnvqK hv cÖhyw³ m¤úªmviY
d‡j cÖhyw³ MÖnY nvi e„w× Pvlx‡ì DbœZ Kg©KvÛ Av‡iv †ekx
cvq| cÖhyw³i MÖnY nvi jvfRbK nq|
e„w× K‡i|
104
Ab-dvg© M‡elYv wefvM
e„wówbf©i DuPz e‡i›`ª GjvKvq c~e©-AsKzwiZ Bÿz exRLÛ eënvi K‡i Bÿz Pvl
cÖhyw³i weeiY
DuPz e‡i›`ª GjvKvi †ivcv Avgb avb KvUvi ci ciB (iwe †gŠmy‡g G mg¯Í Rwg cwZZ ivLv
nq KviY G mgq †m‡Pi Afv‡e Ab¨ †Kvb dmj nq bv) †gŠmy‡gi †kl e„wócv‡Zi ci A_©vr
A‡±vei gv‡mi †klw`‡K gvwU‡Z †Rv _vKv Ae¯’vq Lye `ªæZ Pvl w`‡q Rwg †gvUvgywU ˆZix
K‡i c~e©-A¼zwiZ Bÿz exRLÛ wbw`©ó `~i‡Z¡ †ivcY K‡i Bÿy Pvl Kiv nq Ges †mB mv‡_
mv_xdmj wnmv‡e †Qvjv ecb Kiv nq| †ivc‡bi c~‡e †mU¸wj‡K A¼zwiZ Kivi Rb¨ ¯‘c
K‡i Lo w`‡q K‡qKw`b †X‡K ivL‡Z nq Ges nvjKvfv‡e mvgvb¨ cvwb w`‡Z nq|
e‡i›`ª GjvKvq e„wó wbf©i c~e© AsKzwiZ Av‡Li mv‡_ †Qvjvi Pvl
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
♦ mnR, cwi‡ek evÜe, e„wówbf©i I AvMvg Pvl Dc‡hvMx
♦ mv_xdmj wnmv‡e †Qvjv Pvl Kiv hvq|
♦ DuPz e‡i›`ª GjvKvi ¯^í Av`ªZvm¤úbœ Rwg‡Z Bÿz Pv‡li jvMmB cÖhyw³|
†mP cÖ`vb bv Kivq K…l‡Ki Avw_©K mvkªq nq| cÖvwšÍK Pvlxiv cwZZ Rwg eënvi K‡i
Zv‡ì Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi Dbœqbmn †`k‡K ¸o I wPwb‡Z mg„× K‡i ê‡`wkK gy`ªvi
mvkªq Ki‡Z cv‡i| mv_xdmj wnmv‡e †Qvjv Pvl K‡i K…lK wb‡R Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb n‡Z
cv‡i Ges †`‡ki Wv‡ji Pvwn`v AvswkK †gUv‡Z cv‡i|
105
DuPz e‡i›`ª GjvKvq e„wówbf©i Bÿy Pvlvev‡ì Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx Bÿz RvZ Ck¦i`x 20,
Ck¦i`x 30, Ck¦i`x 32, Ck¦i`x 33 Ges Ck¦i`x 37
cÖhyw³i weeiY
DuPz e‡i›`ª GjvKvi †ivcv Avgb avb KvUvi ci ciB (iwe †gŠmy‡g G mg¯Í Rwg cwZZ ivLv
nq KviY G mgq †m‡Pi Afv‡e Ab¨ †Kvb dmj nq bv) †gŠmy‡gi †kl e„wócv‡Zi ci A_©vr
A‡±vei gv‡mi †klw`‡K gvwU‡Z †Rv _vKv Ae¯’vq Lye `ªæZ Pvl w`‡q Rwg †gvUvgywU ˆZix
K‡i c~e©-A¼zwiZ Ck¦i`x 20 Ck¦i`x 30, Ck¦i`x 32, Ck¦i`x 33 Ges Ck¦i`x 37 Rv‡Zi
Bÿz exR LÛ jvMv‡bv nq Ges `yB mvwi Bÿyi gv‡S duvKv RvqMvq mv_xdmj wnmv‡e †Qvjv
ecb Kiv nq| †ivc‡bi c~‡e© †mU¸wj‡K A¼zwiZ Kivi Rb¨ ¯‘c K‡i Lo w`‡q K‡qKw`b
†X‡K ivL‡Z nq Ges nvjKvfv‡e mvgvb¨ cvwb w`‡Z nq|
e‡i›`ª GjvKvq e„wó wbf©i wewfbœ Rv‡Zi AvL Pvl
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
♦ mnR, cwi‡ek evÜe, e„wówbf©i I AvMvg Pvl Dc‡hvMx|
♦ mv_xdmj wnmv‡e †Qvjv Pvl Kiv hvq|
♦ Liv mwnòz Ck¦i`x 20 Ck¦i`x 30, Ck¦i`x 32, Ck¦i`x 33 Ges Ck¦i`x 37 Rv‡Zi
Bÿz Pvl|
♦ DuPz e‡i›`ª GjvKvi ¯^í Av`ªZvm¤úbœ Rwg‡Z Bÿz Pv‡li jvMmB cÖhyw³|
†mP cÖ`vb bv Kivq K…l‡Ki Avw_©K mvkªq nq| cÖvwšÍK Pvlxiv cwZZ Rwg eënvi K‡i
Zv‡ì Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi Dbœqbmn †`k‡K ¸o I wPwb‡Z mg„× K‡i ê‡`wkK g~`ªvi
mvkªq Ki‡Z cv‡i| mv_xdmj wnmv‡e †Qvjv Pvl K‡i K…lK wb‡R Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb n‡Z
cv‡i Ges †`‡k Wv‡ji Pvwn`v AvswkK †gUv‡Z cv‡i|
106
cÖk¯Í mvwi‡Z Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdmj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Pvlxi wbKU MÖnY‡hvM¨
c¨v‡KR
(K) AvL+ imyb Ñ MÖx®§Kvjxb gyM (webvgyM-5)
(L) AvL +wcuqvRÑ MÖx®§Kvjxb gyM (webvgyM-5)
(M) AvL +Avjy Ñ MÖx®§Kvjxb gyM (webvgyM-5)
(N) AvL+mwilv Ñ MÖx®§Kvjxb gyM (webvgyM-5)
Av‡Li mv‡_ mv_xdmj wn‡m‡e imyb
AvL+imyb Ñ MÖx®§Kvjxb gyM (webvgyM-5)

mv_xdmj Drcv`‡bi GB c¨v‡KRwU Pvlx‡ì wbKU †ekx MÖnY‡hvM¨ wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq|
GK †Rvov Bÿzi mvwii `yB jvB‡bi gv‡S 70 †m.wg. `~iZ¡ Ges `yB †Rvov Bÿzi mvwii gv‡S
130 †m.wg. duvKv RvqMv ivLv nq| GB 130 †m.wg. duvKv ¯’v‡b 1g mv_xdmj wbw`©ó
`~i‡Z¡i wnmv‡e 4-5 jvB‡b jvMv‡bv nq| 2-3 gvm ci A_©vr 1g mv_x dmj KZ©‡bi wVK
ciciB 2q mv_x dmj (MÖx®§Kvjxb gyM) GKBfv‡e jvB‡b ecb Kiv nq|
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
♦ GKB Rwg‡Z GKvwaK / AwaK dmj Drcv`b Kiv hvq|
♦ mnR, cwi‡ek evÜe I AvMvg Pvl Dc‡hvMx|
♦ AšÍieZ©xKvjxb Avq Dc‡hvMx|
♦ Bÿzi AvšÍt cwiPh©vq myweav I LiP Kg nq|
♦ cÖvwšÍK Pvlxiv wbR¯^ I Zv‡ì cwievwiK kªg wewb‡qv‡Mi my‡hvM cvq|
♦ f~wgi DeŸ©iZv kw³ e„w× cvq|
107
GKB Rwg‡Z GKvwaK dmj Pvl K‡i ¯^íKvjxb/AšÍeZ©xKvjxb mg‡qi g‡a¨ evowZ jvf
cvIqv hvq| meRx, gmjv I Wvj RvZxq dm‡ji Drcv`b e„w×i Kvi‡Y Pvlxi Av_©
mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi Dbœqb nq| imy‡bi ex‡Ri cwigvY Kg jv‡M d‡j exR eve` LiP
Zzjbvg~jK fv‡e Kg nq|
†Rvov mvwi‡Z Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdmj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Pvlxi wbKU MÖnb‡hvM¨
c¨v‡KR
(K) AvL + Avjy
(L) AvL + gmyi
(M) AvL + wcuqvR
(N) ïaygvÎ AvL
Ae¯’vcbœ I cvwievwiK kªg Av‡Q Ggb Pvlx‡ì Rb¨ AvL + Avjy c¨v‡KRwU AvKl©Yxq Ges
ga¨g I cvwievwiK kªg bvB Ggb Pvlx AvL + gmyi c¨‡KR †ekx cQ›` K‡ib|
GK †Rvov Bÿz mvwii `yB jvB‡bi gv‡S 70 †m.wg. `~iZ¡ Ges `yB †Rvov Bÿzi mvwii gv‡S
130 †m.wg. duvKv (Ridge) RvqMv ivLv nq| GB 130 †m.wg. duvKv ¯’v‡b mv_xdmj mg~n
wbw`©ó `~i‡Z¡i wnmv‡e 4-5 jvB‡b jvMv‡bv nq|
†Rvov mvwi‡Z Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdmj (wcqvR-ev‡g, Avjy-Wv‡b)
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
♦ mnR, cwi‡ek evÜe,AvMvg I AšÍ©eZ©xKvjxb Avq Dc‡hvMx|
♦ Bÿzi AvšÍtcwiPh©vq myweav nq I LiP Kg nq|
♦ gmyi Pvl Kivh f~wgi De©iZv kw³ e„w× cvq|
♦ eo, Ae¯’vcbœ I cvwievwiK kªg Av‡Q Ggb Pvlx‡ì Rb¨ AvL+Avjy c¨v‡KR †ekx
MÖnY‡hvM¨/AvKl©Yxq| hwÌ †gvU jvf GB c¨v‡K‡R †ekx|
108
ga¨g I cvwievwiK kªg bvB Ggb Pvlx AvL+gmyi c¨v‡KR †ekx cQ›` K‡i| KviY GB
c¨v‡K‡R mv_xdmj Pv‡l e¨q Kg nq| GgbwK Aí UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i Zzjbvg~jK †ekx
jvfevb nIqv hvq A_©vr 1 UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i 2.78 UvKv cvIqv hvq| GB c¨v‡K‡R
mv_xdmj Pv‡l e¨q Kg nq| wbw`©ó Rwg‡Z GKvwaK dmj Pvl K‡i ¯^íKvjxb
/AšÍeZ©xKvjxb mg‡qi g‡a¨ evowZ jvf cvIqv hvq|
wgj ewnf~©Z GjvKvq K…lK ch©v‡q weGmAviAvB D™¢vweZ Bÿz RvZ Ck¦i`x
16, Ck¦i`x 28, Ck¦i`x 29, Ck¦i`x 30, Ck¦i`x 31, Ck¦i`x 32, Ck¦i`x 33,
Ck¦i`x 34, Ck¦i`x 35, Ck¦i`x 36 , Ck¦i`x 37 I Ck¦i`x 38 Gi mv‡_
¯’vbxq RbwcÖq Rv‡Zi Dc‡hvwMZv hvPvB
wgj ewnf~©Z GjvKvq †hgb PzbviæNvU (nweMÄ), bKjv (†kicyi), wmivRMÄ, wmsMvBi
(gvwbKMÄ) I cvU‡KjNvUv (mvZÿxiv) GjvKvq weGmAviAvB D™¢vweZ RvZ Ck¦i`x 16,
Ck¦i`x 28, Ck¦i`x 29, Ck¦i`x 30, Ck¦i`x 31, Ck¦i`x 32 , Ck¦i`x 33, Ck¦i`x 34,
Ck¦i`x 35, Ck¦i`x 36 , Ck¦i`x 37 I Ck¦i`x 38 Gi mv‡_ ¯’vbxq Rbwcªq Rv‡Zi Pvl
Kiv nq| G‡Z ¯’vbxq Rbwcªq Rv‡Zi †P‡q Ck¦i`x 16, Ck¦i`x 30 I Ck¦i`x 37 Gi †kªôZ¡
cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
mnR, cwi‡ek evÜe I AvMvg Pvl Dc‡hvMx|
¯’vbxq Rv‡Zi mv‡_ weGm AviAvB D™¢vweZ Rv‡Zi †kªôZ¡ cÖgvY Kiv Ges Bÿz Avev‡`
K…lK‡ì D×y× Kiv|
†`‡ki `~i`~iv‡šÍ AvL Pvl GjvKvq weGmAviAvB D™¢vweZ RvZ K…lK ch©v‡q mnRjf¨
Kiv|
Ck¦i`x 16, Ck¦i`x 30 I Ck¦i`x 37 Rv‡Z ¸‡oi cwigvY †ekx nq, ¸‡oi is fvj
nq I evRvi g~jÏ †ekx cvIqv hvq| d‡j GB 3wU RvZ ¸o GjvKvq K…l‡Ki wbKU
†ekx mgv`„Z|
Ck¦i`x 16 I Ck¦i`x 37 G GKi cÖwZ djb †ekx nq d‡j K…l‡Ki AvqI †ekx nq| GKi
cÖwZ djb †ekx nIqvq ¸‡oi cwigvYI †ekx nq Ges cÖwZ GK‡K ¸‡oi cwigvY †ekx
nIqvq GB Rv‡Zi Pvl K‡i K…lK Avw_©Kfv‡e †ekx jvfevb n‡Z cv‡i| GB Rv‡Z ¸‡oi
is Ges ¸YMZ gvb (`vbv`vi) fvj nIqvq Ab¨vb¨ Rv‡Zi ¸‡oi †P‡q evRv‡i GB ¸‡oi
Pvwn`v †ekx _v‡K, d‡j †ekx `v‡g wewµ K‡i †ekx jvfevb nq|
†Rvov mvwi‡Z Bÿzi mv‡_ GKvwaK Wvj RvZxq mv_xdmj Pv‡li Rb¨ Pvlxi
wbKU MÖnY‡hvM¨ c¨v‡KR
K) AvL + gUiïwU- MÖx®§Kvjxb gyM (webv gyM-5)
L) AvL + gïi - MÖx®§Kvjxb gyM (webv gyM-5)
109
†Rvov mvwi‡Z Bÿzi mv‡_ Wvj RvZxq mv_xdm‡ji (gUiïwU - ev‡g, gmyi - Wv‡b) Pvl
kn‡ii wbKUeZ©x GjvKvi Pvlx AvL + gUiïwU- gyM c¨v‡KRwU Ges ga¨g I cvwievwiK
kªg bvB Ggb Pvlx AvL + gmyi-gyM c¨v‡KR †ekx cQ›` K‡ib|
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
GKB Rwg‡Z GKvwaK / AwaK dmj Drcv`b Kiv hvq|
Bÿzi AvšÍtcwiPh©vq myweav nq I LiP Kg nq|
Wvj RvZxq dmj Pvl Kivq f~wgi DŸ©iZv kw³ e„w× cvq|
cÖvwšÍK PvlxivI GB cÖhyw³ mn‡RB mdjfv‡e ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib KviY G‡Z Kg
cyuwR cÖ‡qvRb nq|
GB c¨v‡K‡R mv_xdmj Pv‡l e¨q Kg nq| wbw`©ó Rwg‡Z GKvwaK dmj Pvl K‡i
¯^íKvjxb/AšÍeZ©xKvjxb mg‡qi g‡a¨ evowZ jvf cvIqv hvq| ga¨g I cvwievwiK kªg bvB
Ggb Pvlx AvL+ gïi c¨v‡KR †ekx cQ›` K‡i, KviY mv_xdmj Pv‡l Aí UvKv wewb‡qvM
K‡i Zzjbvg~jK †ekx jvfevb nIqv hvq|
wewfbœ K…wl cwi‡ek AÂ‡j Ck¦i`x 34, Ck¦i`x 37 I Ck¦i`x 38 gywo Pv‡l
AwaK jvfRbK
wewfbœ K…wl cwe‡ek AÂ‡j Ab¨vb¨ Rv‡Zi Zzjbvq weGmAviAvB D™¢vweZ Ck¦i`x 34,
Ck¦i`x 37 I Ck¦i`x 38 Rv‡Zi Bÿzi gywo Pv‡l Pvlxiv †ekx AvMÖnx|
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
Ab¨vb¨ Rv‡Zi Zyjbvq gywo dmj fvj nq d‡j Drcv`b e„w× wbwðZ nq|
†h‡nZz RvZ 3wUi A¼z‡iv`Mg ÿgZv fvj/†ekx d‡j g~j Rwg‡Z †Zgb M¨vc nq bv
ZvB gywo Pv‡li Rb¨ M¨vc c~i‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
gywo Bÿz Pv‡l ex‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb nq bv d‡j Drcv`b LiP Kg nq| Rwg Pvl eve` LiP Kg
nq|
110
Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvi NPKSZn Gi mv‡_ cÖwZ †n±‡i 360 †KwR nv‡i W‡jvPzb
(40 †KwR Mg/ †n±i) eënv‡i Av‡Li djb e„w× cvq
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
♦ A¤øgvwU‡Z g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi wjwPs jm nq| g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi Afv‡e Av‡Li wkKo e„w×
I mv‡jvK ms‡kølY n«vm cvq Ges cvZv †_‡K Kv‡Ð Lv`¨ cwienY evavMÖ¯Í nq|
♦ WjPzb eënv‡ii d‡j A¤ø gvwU‡Z g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi Afve `~i Kiv hvq|
†n±i cÖwZ 360 †KwR nv‡i W‡jvPzb eënvi K‡i A_©‰bwZKfv‡e 23,375.00 UvKv
jvfevb nIqv hvq (cÖK…Z jvf 23,375.00/†n±i)|
wPwe‡q LvIqv AvL Drcv`b GjvKvmg~‡n iswejvk, ebcvov †MÛvix Ges Ag„Z
Rv‡Zi Pvl KivB AwaK jvfRbK|
wPwe‡q LvIqv AvL Drcv`bKvix AwaKvsk GjvKvq iswejvk AwaK jvfRbK Ges GKK
RvZ wn‡m‡e me‡P‡q RbwcÖq, Z‡e bv‡Uvi GjvKvq ebcvov †MÐvixB †ekx jvfRbK Ges
jv‡fi †ÿ‡Î Ag„Z Z…Zxq Ae¯’v‡b|
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
iswejvk AvKl©Yxq eY©hy³, AwaK imhy³ Ges AvMvg cwic°|
cÖvq mKj GjvKv‡ZB iswejvk fvj nq Ges †fv³v‡ì wbKU AwaKZi RbwcÖq|
ebcvov †MÐvix AZ¨šÍ my¯^v`y Ges big|
Ag„Z Gi djb Ab¨vb¨ Rv‡Zi Zzjbvq A‡bK †ekx Z‡e Gi is †fv³vi wbKU †Zgb
AvKl©Yxq bq, d‡j AwaK djbhy³ AvL n‡qI iswejv‡ki †P‡q jvf Kg nq|
Av‡Li im Ges ¸o Drcv`‡bI GB RvZ eëüZ n‡q _v‡K|
ebcvov †MÐvix, PzbviæNvU iswejvk, PzbviæNvU
111
Ag„Z, gvwbKMÄ
cÖvwšÍK Pvlxiv evoxi Avw½bvq ev cwZZ Rwg eënvi K‡i Zv‡ì Av_©mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi
Dbœqb NUv‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨ †h †Kvb dm‡ji Zzjbvq AwaK cwigvY A_© DcvR©b Kiv m¤¢e|
Aí Rwg †_‡K AwaK A_© (cÖwZ †n±‡i 310513-711086/- UvKv) DcvR©b Kiv hvq|
m‡ev©cwi Myo/wPwb ˆZixi Rb¨ AvL Pv‡li †P‡q wPwe‡q LvIqv AvL Pvl A‡bK †ekx
jvfRbK|
†Rvov mvwi‡Z Bÿzi mv‡_ mewR I gyM Wv‡ji avivevwnK Pv‡li Rb¨ Pvlxi
wbKU MÖnY‡hvM¨ c¨v‡KR wbav©iY
K) AvL + MvRi- MÖx®§Kvjxb gyM (webv gyM-5)
L) AvL + gUiïwU - MÖx®§Kvjxb gyM (webv gyM-5)
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
GKB Rwg‡Z GKvwaK / AwaK dmj Drcv`b Kiv hvq|
Bÿzi AvšÍtcwiPh©vq myweav nq I LiP Kg nq|
mwâ RvZxq dmj Pvl Kivq AšÍeZ©xKvjxb Avq e„w× cvq|
cÖvwšÍK PvlxivI GB cÖhyw³ mn‡RB mdjfv‡e ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib KviY G‡Z Kg
cuywR cÖ‡qvRb nq|
112
Pvlx ch©v‡q †Rvov mvix Av‡Li mv‡_ 1q mv_xdmj (MvRi-ev‡g, gUiïwU - Wv‡b)
Pvlx ch©v‡q †Rvov mvix Av‡Li mv‡_ 2q mv_xdmj gyM Wv‡ji Pvl
GB c¨v‡K‡R mv_xdmj Pv‡l e¨q Kg nq| wbw`©ó Rwg‡Z GKvwaK dmj Pvl K‡i
¯^íKvjxb/AšÍeZ©xKvjxb mg‡qi g‡a¨ evowZ jvf cvIqv hvq| ga¨g I cvwievwiK kªg bvB
Ggb Pvlx AvL+MvRi c¨v‡KR †ekx cQ›` K‡i, KviY mv_xdmj Pv‡l Aí UvKv wewb‡qvM
K‡i Zzjbvg~jK †ekx jvfevb nIqv hvq|
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg GjvKvmg~‡n wPwe‡q LvIqv Av‡Li g‡a¨ iswejvk, wmI 208
Ges Ag„Z Rv‡Zi AvL Pvl AwaK jvfRbK
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g wPwe‡q LvIqv AvL Drcv`bKvix AwaKvsk GjvKvq iswejvk AwaK
jvfRbK Ges GKK RvZ wn‡m‡e `ªæZ RbwcÖqZv AR©b Ki‡Q| cvkvcvwk wmI 208 Ges
Ag„Z Z…Zxq Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q| Ag„Z Gi djb Ab¨vb¨ Rv‡Zi Zzjbvq A‡bK †ekx Z‡e Gi
is †fv³vi wbKU †Zgb AvKl©Yxq bq| cvnvox GjvKvq A‡bK K…lK †fRv PU w`‡q N‡l
†gv‡gi AveiY Zz‡j †d‡j eZ©gv‡b Ag„‡Zi fvj evRvi g~j¨ cv‡”Q|
113
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
♦ iswejvk AvKl©Yxq eY©hy³, AwaK imhy³ Ges AvMvg cwic°|
♦ cÖvq mKj GjvKv‡ZB iswejvk fvj nq Ges †fv³v‡ì wbKU AwaKZi RbwcÖq|
♦ wmI 208 AZ¨šÍ my¯^v`y Ges big|
♦ Ag„Z Gi djb Ab¨vb¨ Rv‡Zi Zzjbvq A‡bK †ekx Z‡e Gi is †fv³vi wbKU †Zgb
AvKl©Yxq bq, d‡j AwaK djbhy³ AvL n‡qI iswejv‡ki †P‡q jvf Kg nq|
♦ Av‡Li im Ges ¸o Drcv`‡bI GB RvZ eëüZ n‡q _v‡K|
iswejvk Ag„Z
cÖvwšÍK Pvlxiv evoxi Avw½bvq ev cwZZ Rwg eënvi K‡i Zv‡ì Av_©mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi
Dbœqb NUv‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨ †h †Kvb dm‡ji Zzjbvq AwaK cwigvY A_© DcvR©b Kiv m¤¢e|
Aí Rwg †_‡K AwaK A_© (cÖwZ †n±‡i 442256-810960/- UvKv) DcvR©b Kiv hvq|
m‡e©vcwi Myo/wPwb ˆZixi Rb¨ AvL Pv‡li †P‡q wPwe‡q LvIqv AvL Pvl A‡bK †ekx
jvfRbK|
cvnvox GjvKvq †Rvovmvix Bÿzi mv‡_ avivevwnK mv_x dmj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨
Pvlxi wbKU MÖnY‡hvM¨ c¨v‡KR
(K) AvL+ AvjyÑ MÖx®§Kvjxb gyM (webv gyM-5)
(L) AvL +dzjKwcÑMÖx®§Kvjxb gyM (webv gyM-5)
(M) AvL+evavKwc Ñ MÖx®§Kvjxb gyM (webv gyM-5)
(N) AvL+eykweb Ñ MÖx®§Kvjxb gyM (webv gyM-5)
• AvL + eykwebÑMÖx®§Kvjxb gyM (webv gyM-5) I AvL+ AvjyÑ MÖx®§Kvjxb gyM (webv
gyM-5) mv_xdmj Drcv`‡bi c¨v‡KR 2wU cvnvox GjvKvi Pvlx‡ì wbKU †ekx
MÖnY‡hvM¨ wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq|
114
GK †Rvov Bÿzi mvwii `yB jvB‡bi gv‡S 70 †mwg. `~iZ¡ Ges `yB †Rvov Bÿzi mvwii gv‡S
130 †mwg. duvKv RvqMv ivLv nq| GB 130 †mwg duvKv ¯’v‡b 1g mv_xdmj wbw`©ó `~i‡Z¡i
wnmv‡e 3-4 jvB‡b jvMv‡bv nq| 2-3 gvm ci A_©vr 1g mv_x dmj KZ©‡bi wVK ciciB
2q mv_xdmj (MÖx®§Kvjxb gyM) GKBfv‡e jvB‡b ecb Kiv nq|
1g mv_xdmj eykweb 2q mv_xdmj gyMWvj
cÖhyw³i êwkó¨
♦ mnR, cwi‡ek evÜe I AvMvg Pvl Dc‡hvMx|
♦ AšÍeZ©xKvjxb Avq Dc‡hvMx|
♦ Bÿzi AvšÍt cwiPh©vq myweav I LiP Kg nq|
♦ cÖvwšÍK Pvlxiv wbR¯^ I Zv‡ì cwievwiK kªg wewb‡qv‡Mi my‡hvM cvq|
♦ f~wgi DeŸ©iZv kw³ e„w× cvq|
GKB Rwg‡Z GKvwaK dmj Pvl K‡i ¯^íKvjxb/AšÍeZ©xKvjxb mg‡qi g‡a¨ evowZ jvf
cvIqv hvq| mewR RvZxq dm‡ji Drcv`b e„w×i Kvi‡Y Pvlxi Av_© mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi
Dbœqb nq| eykwe‡bi ex‡Ri cwigvY Kg jv‡M d‡j exR eve` LiP Zzjbvg~jK fv‡e Kg
nq|
115
K…wl A_©bxwZ wefvM
Ck¦i`x 2-54 Rv‡Zi Bÿz Pv‡li wewb‡qvM Ae`vb

cÖhyw³i weeiYt Ck¦i`x 2-54 Bÿy RvZwU
1967 mv‡j Aegyw³ jvf K‡i Ges ZLb
n‡Z G RvZwU Pvlvev` n‡q Avm‡Q| eZ©gv‡b
wgj‡Rvb GjvKvq 4% Rwg‡Z Ck¦i`x 2-54
RvZwU Pvl n‡”Q (2010-11 mv‡ji †ivcY
†gŠmy‡g)| Ck¦i`x 2-54 Bÿz RvZwUi
1967-2010 mvj ch©šÍ wewb‡qvM Ae`vb
(Ex post) 23%| A_©vr GB RvZwUi Rb¨
M‡elYv I m¤cÖmviY Lv‡Z 100 UvKv
wewb‡qvM Ki‡j 23 UvKv jvf Av‡m hv e¨vsK
Gi my‡ì nv‡ii †P‡q †ekx|
Ck¦i`x
cÖhyw³i A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡t GB RvZwU 2-54
Pvlvev` K‡i Ges Zv †_‡K wPwb I ¸o Drcv`b
K‡i 1967-2010 mvj ch©šÍ 1390.60
Ck¦i`x 2-54
wgwjqb UvKv ê‡`wkK gy`ªv mvkªq n‡q‡Q|
Ck¦i`x 16 Rv‡Zi Bÿz Pv‡li wewb‡qvM Ae`vb

cÖhyw³i weeiYt Ck¦i`x 16 Bÿy RvZwU
wgj‡Rvb GjvKvq 9% Rwg‡Z Ck¦i`x 16
†gŠmy‡g)| Ck¦i`x 16 Bÿz RvZwUi
(Ex post) 32%| A_©vr GB RvZwUi Rb¨
M‡elbv I m¤cÖmviY Lv‡Z 100 UvKv
wewb‡hvM Ki‡j 32 UvKv jvf Av‡m hv e¨vsK
Gi my‡ì nv‡ii †P‡q †ekx| myZivs M‡elYv
I m¤cÖmviY G Gi wewb‡qvM jvfRbK|
cÖhyw³i A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡t GB RvZwU
Pvlvev` K‡i Ges Zv †_‡K wPwb I ¸o Drcv`b Ck¦i`x 16
K‡i 1981-2010 mvj ch©šÍ 1950.10
wgwjqb UvKv ê‡`wkK gy`ªv mvkªq n‡q‡Q|
116
Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvq mvi cÖ‡qvM Gi wewb‡qvM Ae`vb
cÖhyw³i weeiYt Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvq mvi
cÖ‡qv‡M †n±i cÖwZ Bÿzi djb Ges
wPwb/¸‡oi AvniY nvi e„w× cvq| wewfbœ K…wl
cwi‡ek AÂ‡ji Rb¨ wewfbœ mvi wfbœ wfbœ
gvÎvq cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z| 2010-11
†ivcY †gŠmy‡g wgj‡Rvb GjvKvq 68%
Rwg‡Z Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvq mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvq mvi cÖ‡qvM Gi
(Ex post) 42%| A_©vr Bÿz Pv‡l
Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvq mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ 100
UvKv wewb‡qvM Ki‡j 42 UvKv jvf Av‡m hv
e¨vsK Gi my‡ì nv‡ii †P‡q †ekx|
cÖhyw³i A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡t Rwg‡Z
Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvq mvi eëüZ Av‡Li †ÿZ
Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvq mvi cÖ‡qvM K‡i Av‡Li
K‡i (1990-2010 ch©šÍ) 12350.104
wgwjqb UvKvi ê‡`wkK gy`ªv mvkªq nq|
Gj‡Rwm Rv‡Zi Bÿz Pv‡li wewb‡qvM Ae`vb

cÖhyw³i weeiYt Gj‡Rwm Bÿy RvZwU 1982
mv‡j Aegyw³ jvf K‡i Ges ZLb n‡Z G
RvZwU Pvlvev` n‡q Avm‡Q| eZ©gv‡b
wgj‡Rvb GjvKvq 1% Rwg‡Z Gj‡Rwm
†gŠmy‡g)| Gj‡Rwm Bÿz RvZwUi 1982-
2010 mvj ch©šÍ wewb‡qvM Ae`vb (Ex
post) 25%| A_©vr GB RvZwUi Rb¨
wewb‡qvM Ki‡j 25 UvKv jvf Av‡m|
Pvlvev` K‡i Ges Zv †_‡K wPwb I ¸o
Drcv`b K‡i 11982-2010 mvj ch©šÍ
1050.1 wgwjqb UvKvi ê‡`wkK gy`ªv mvkªq
Gj‡Rwm
nq|
117
mv_xdmj Pvl Gi wewb‡qvM Ae`vb
cÖhyw³i weeiYt Bÿzi mv‡_ c×wZMZfv‡e
mv_xdm‡ji Pvl GKwU jvfRbK AvaywbK
cÖhyw³| GKK mvwi A_ev †Rvov mvwi Av‡Li
wfZi wewfbœ ai‡Yi kvK-mwâ †hgb
†MvjAvjy, dyjKwc, evavKwc, MvRi, gyjv,
U‡g‡Uv BZ¨vw`, gmjv RvZxq †hgb, †cuqvR,
imyb ev Wvj RvZxq dmj †hgb, gïi, gyM,
†Qvjv BZ¨vw` wZbwU dmj ch©šÍ Avev` Kiv
hvq| c×wZMZfv‡e mv_xdm‡ji Pvl Ki‡j
†n±i cÖwZ Bÿzi djbI e„w× cvq| 2010-11
†ivcY †gŠmy‡g wgj‡Rvb GjvKvq 30%
Av‡Li mv‡_ mv_xdmj wnmv‡e Avjy
Av‡Li Rwg‡Z c×wZMZfv‡e mv_xdm‡ji
Pvl Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bÿzi mv‡_ mv_xdm‡ji Pvl
Gi 1988-2010 mvj ch©šÍ wewb‡qvM Ae`vb
(Ex post) 34%| A_©vr Bÿzi mv‡_
c×wZMZfv‡e mv_xdm‡ji Pv‡li Rb¨ 100
UvKv wewb‡qvM Ki‡j 34 UvKv jvf Av‡m|
cÖhyw³i A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡t Rwg‡Z Bÿzi
mv‡_ c×wZMZfv‡e mv_xdm‡ji Pvl Gi
gva¨‡g 14520.2 wgwjqb UvKvi bxU Avq
AwR©Z nq|
Av‡Li mv‡_ mv_xdmj wnmv‡e evavKwc
Av‡Li mv‡_ mv_xdmj wnmv‡e MvRi
118
†gŠmy‡g)| Ck¦i`x 32 Bÿz RvZwUi 2002-
215.8 wgwjqb UvKvi ê‡`wkK gy`ªv mvkªq Ck¦i`x 32
nq|

post) 11%| A_©vr GB RvZwUi Rb¨ M‡elYv
I m¤cÖmviY Lv‡Z 100 UvKv wewb‡qvM Ki‡j
12 UvKv jvf Av‡m|
nq|
119
nq|
†ivcv AvL Pvl Gi wewb‡qvM Ae`vb

cÖhyw³i weeiYt †ivcv AvL Pvl GKwU
jvfRbK AvaywbK cÖhyw³| mivmwi Av‡Li
exRLÛ ecY bv K‡i exRZjvq Pviv Drcv`b
K‡i gyj Rwg‡Z †ivcY K‡i AvL Pvl Kiv‡K
†ivcv AvL Pvl e‡j| †ivcv c×wZ‡Z AvL
Pvl Ki‡j †n±i cÖwZ Bÿzi djb e¨vcKfv‡e
e„w× cvq| 2010-11 †ivcY †gŠmy‡g
wgj‡Rvb GjvKvq 12% Av‡Li Rwg‡Z †ivcv
AvL Pvl Kiv n‡q‡Q| †ivcv c×wZ‡Z AvL
Pvl Gi 1990-2010 mvj ch©šÍ wewb‡qvM
Ae`vb (Ex post) 24%| A_©vr †ivcv
c×wZ‡Z AvL Pv‡li Rb¨ 100 UvKv wewb‡qvM
Ki‡j 24 UvKv jvf Av‡m|
cÖhyw³i A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡t †ivcv c×wZ‡Z
†ivcv AvL Pvl
AvL Pvlvev` K‡i Ges Zv †_‡K wPwb I ¸o
nq|
120
(2010-11 mv‡ji †ivcY †gŠmy‡g) wgj‡Rvb
GjvKvq 6% Rwg‡Z Ck¦i`x 36 RvZwU Pvl
n‡”Q| Ck¦i`x 36 Bÿz RvZwUi 2002-2020
mvj ch©šÍ wewb‡qvM Ae`vb (Ex ante)
39%| A_©vr GB RvZwUi Rb¨ M‡elYv I
m¤cÖmviY Lv‡Z 100 UvKv wewb‡qvM Ki‡j
39 UvKv jvf Av‡m|
Ck¦i`x 36
nq|

†gŠmy‡g)| Ck¦i`x 37 Bÿz RvZwUi
(Ex ante) 38%| A_©vr GB RvZwUi Rb¨
nq|
121
ante) 41%| A_©vr GB RvZwUi Rb¨
K‡i 2007-2020 mvj ch©šÍ 1640.25
wgwjqb UvKvi ê‡`wkK gy`ªv mvkªq nq|
Ck¦i`x 38
BgcÖæf cvIqvi µvkvi eënvi Gi wewb‡qvM Ae`vb
cÖhyw³i weeiYt
weGmAviAvB D™¢vweZ
BgcÖæf cvIqvi µvkvi
eënv‡ii gva¨‡g AwaK
im AvniY Kiv hvq d‡j
¸o AvniY nviI GKBfv‡e
e„w× cvq| µvkviwU 4 PvKv
wewkó Ges gvovB ÿgZv
cÖPwjZ µvkvi Gi Zyjbvq
10-15% †ekx| d‡j GB
gvovBKj eënvi K‡i
kZKiv 10 fvM ¸o
Drcv`b e„w× cvq| BgcÖæf
cvIqvi µvkvi eënvi Gi BgcÖæf cvIqvi µvkvi
d‡j 1988-2020 mvj ch©šÍ wewb‡qvM Ae`vb (Ex ante) 32% A_©vr ¸o Drcv`‡bi
Rb¨ AvL gvovB Kv‡R weGmAviAvB D™¢vweZ BgcÖæf cvIqvi µvkvi eënv‡ii Rb¨ 100
UvKv wewb‡qvM Ki‡j 32 UvKv jvf Av‡m|
122
cÖhyw³i A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡t BgcÖæf cvIqvi µvkvi eënvi Gi gva¨‡g AvL gvovB K‡i
¸o Drcv`b K‡i 1988-2020 mvj ch©šÍ 3210 wgwjqb UvKvi ê‡`wkK gy`ªv mvkªq nq|
Bÿz Pv‡l Kv‡e©vdzivb eënvi Gi wewb‡qvM Ae`vb

cÖhyw³i weeiYt Kv‡e©vdzivb GKwU `vbv`vi KxUbvkK| GB KxUbvk‡Ki wewfbœ gvÎvq
eënvi K‡i WMvi gvRiv †cvKv, AvMvg gvRiv †cvKv, †nvqvBU MÖve BZ¨vw` `gb Kiv hvq|
1990 mvj †_‡K Kv‡e©vdzivb eënvi n‡q Avm‡Q| eZ©gv‡b wgj‡Rvb GjvKvq 20%
Rwg‡Z Kv‡e©vdzivb eëüZ n‡”Q (2010-11 mv‡ji †ivcY †gŠmy‡g)| Bÿz Pv‡l Kv‡e©vdzivb
eënvi Gi 1990-2010 mvj ch©šÍ wewb‡qvM Ae`vb (Ex post) n‡”Q 46%| A_©vr Bÿz
Pv‡l Kv‡e©vdzivb eënv‡ii Rb¨ 100 UvKv wewb‡qvM Ki‡j 46 UvKv jvf Av‡m| myZivs
M‡elYv I m¤cÖmviY Kv‡R G cÖhyw³ eënvi Kiv jvfRbK|
cÖhyw³i A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡t Rwg‡Z Kv‡e©vdzivb eënvi K‡i Av‡Li Pvlvev` K‡i Ges Zv
†_‡K wPwb I ¸o Drcv`b K‡i 1990-2010 mvj ch©šÍ 1280.25 wgwjqb UvKvi ê‡`wkK
gy`ªv mvkªq nq|
123
K…wl cÖ‡KŠkj wefvM
weGmAviAvB AvaywbK Bÿz gvovB Kj
weGmAviAvB AvaywbK Bÿz gvovB Kj
cÖavb êwkó¨
• weGmAviAvB DbœZ gv‡bi cvIqvi µvkvi 3 †ivjv‡ii mgš^‡q MwVZ|
• im AvniY ÿgZv M‡o 55-62 fvM hv cÖPwjZ cvIqvi µvkvi (45-50%) n‡Z
A‡bK †ekx|
• gvovB ÿgZv 5.5-6.0 Ub/cÖwZw`b (8 N›Uv)|
• hš¿wU Pvjv‡bi Rb¨ evRv‡i cÖvc¨ 12 Ak¦ kw³i m¤úbœ GKwU BwÄb n‡jB P‡j|
• µvkviwU mv‡_ 4wU PvKv mshy³ _vKvq GK ¯’vb n‡Z Ab¨ ¯’v‡b cwienb Kiv mnRZi|
• ¯’vbxq IqvK©kc n‡Z hš¿wU ˆZix Kiv m¤¢e| hš¿wU ˆZwi LiP cÖvq 100,000/-|
weGmAviAvB AvaywbK Bÿz gvovB Kj ¸o cÖ¯‘ZKviK‡ì jvfevb Ki‡e †h‡nZz GB

gvovBKj †`‡k cÖPwjZ gvovBKj A‡cÿv 10-15% ‡ekx im AvniY Kiv m¤¢e| cÖPwjZ
gvovBK‡ji cwie‡Z© AvaywbK Bÿz gvovBKj eënvi K‡i †`‡ki †gvU im Drcv`‡bi ‡ÿ‡Î
10 fvM im AvniY e„w×i gva¨‡g RvZxqfv‡e cÖvq 250 †KvwU UvKv mvkÖq Kiv m¤¢e|
124
weGmAviAvB evW Pxc KvwUs †gwkb
evWPxc KvUvi †gwkb Bÿz n‡Z evWPxc I exRZjvi Pviv g~j Rwg‡Z evWPxc Pvivi Bÿz †ÿZ
cÖavb êwkó¨
• cÖPwjZ c×wZ‡Z †hLv‡b †n±‡i cÖvq 6-6.5 Ub AvL ex‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb nq †mLv‡b 1
†PvL ev 2 †Pv‡Li AvL exR eënvi K‡i 1.5-2.0 Ub ev evW Pxc eënvi K‡i gvÎ
116-150 †KwR Av‡Li cÖ‡qvRb nq|
• evW Pxc KvwUs †gwkb w`‡q evW Pxc msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ AvL‡K gvV n‡Z †K‡U †gwk‡bi
Kv‡Q wb‡q Avm‡Z nq Ges AvL n‡Z nvZ w`‡q cvZv Qwo‡q KvUv‡ii wb‡P Av‡Li †PvL
†i‡L cv‡q Pvc w`‡q evW Pxc msMÖn Ki‡Z nq|
• hš¿wU w`‡q GKRb kªwgK cÖwZw`b 8000wU (N›Uvq cÖvq 1000) evW Pxc KvU‡Z cv‡i|
• GKRb kªwgK `yB nv‡Z AvL a‡i Ges GK cv‡i Pvc w`‡q evW Pxc KvU‡Z cv‡i|
• evW Pxc KvwUs †gwk‡bi ˆZix LiP 4500/- UvKv|
• GK †n±i Rwgi †eu‡P hvIqv ex‡Ri g~j¨ w`‡q cÖvq 3wU evW Pxc KvwUs †gwkb ˆZix
Kiv hvq|
weGmAviAvB evW Pxc KvwUs †gwkb w`‡q exR eve` cÖvq 6000 †KwR/ †n±i AvL evuPv‡bv
hvq hvi g~j¨ cÖvq 15000 UvKv|
125
cvIqvi wUjvi gvD‡›UW †UªÂvi
wPÎ : cvIqvi wUjvi gvD‡›UW †UªÂvi bvjv KvUv Ae¯’vq Rwg‡Z cvIqvi wUjvi gvD‡›UW
cÖavb êwkó¨
• cvIqvi wUjv‡ii †Kvb gwWwd‡Kkb/cwieZ©b QvovB †UªÂviwU cvIqvi wUjv‡ii †cQ‡b
†UªBjvi ms‡hvR‡bi ¯’v‡b bvU-†evë w`‡q ms‡hvRb Kiv hvq|
• PvjK mx‡U Av‡ivnb K‡iB cvIqvi wUjvi Pvjv‡Z cv‡ib Ges †UªÂ/bvjv ˆZix Ki‡Z
cv‡ib|
• †UªÂviwU w`‡q GKB m‡½ GKwU bvjv ˆZix Kiv hvq|
• PvjK mx‡U e‡mB bvjvi MfxiZv wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gvb Ae¯’vq m‡e©v”P 12-14
†mwg MfxiZvq bvjv ˆZix Kiv m¤¢e|
• †UªÂvi eënv‡ii mgq ivev‡ii PvKvi cwie‡Z© wó‡ji PvKv eënvi KivB DËg| G‡Z
PvKvi wmø‡cm Kg nq Ges bvjv †mvRv nq| cvIqvi wUjvi wbqš¿YI AwaKZi mnR
nq|
• †UªÂvi eënvi K‡i 12-14 †mwg MfxiZvq cÖwZw`b (8 N›Uvq) cÖvq 0.75 †n±i Rwgi
bvjv ˆZix Kiv hvq|
• †UªÂv‡ii ˆZix LiP AvbygvwbK 15,000/- UvKv|
cÖPwjZ c×wZ‡Z †hLv‡b cÖwZ †n±‡i bvjv KvU‡Z 5000 UvKv jv‡M †mLv‡b cvIqvi wUjvi
gvD‡›UW †UªÂvi eënvi K‡i mg¯Í LiPmn (wd·W I †fwi‡qej) gvÎ 2500 UvKvq Zv
m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e GB hš¿ eënvi K‡i kªwgK eve` †n±i cÖwZ 2500/- UvKv
euvPv‡bv m¤¢e| †hme AvL Pvlx‡ì cvIqvi wUjvi Av‡Q Zviv Av‡Li †mU †ivc‡Yi Rb¨
†UªÂvi eënvi K‡i Gfv‡e jvfevb n‡Z cvi‡eb|
126
weGmAviAvB wgwb nU IqvUvi wUªU‡g›U cøv›U
weGmAviAvB wgwb nU IqvUvi wUªU‡g›U cøv›U
cÖavb êwkó¨
• ¯^í cwim‡i AvL exR †kvab Kivi Rb¨ weGmAviAvB wgwb nU IqvUvi wUªU‡g›U cøv›U
eëüZ nq|
• †iW iU, wjd ¯‹vì, AvB ¯úU, WvDwb wgjwWD †ivM¸jx wUªU‡g›U cøv›U Øviv wbqš¿Y Kiv
hvq|
• 82 †KwR `y †PvL wewkó AvL exR Ges 100 †KwR GK †PvL wewkó AvL exR 1 Rb ev
2 Rb kªwgK Øviv 50 †m:†MÖW ZvcgvÎvq 3 NÈvq †kvab Kiv hvq|
• ¯’vbxq IqvK©kc †_‡K ¯’vbxq KuvPvgvj eënvi K‡i hš¿wU ˆZix Kiv hvq|
• weGmAviAvB wgwb nU IqvUvi wUªU‡g›U cøv‡›Ui wbg©vY LiP cÖvq 30,000/- UvKv|
Mig cvwb‡Z †kvabK…Z AvL exR †ivM gy³ nq| †hgb †iW iU, jxd ®‹vì, AvB ¯úU I
WvDwb wgjwWU| †ivMgy³ exR me mgqB fvj djb †`q| myZivs †ivMgy³ exR Pvlx‡ì‡K
Av‡Li Drcv`b e„w× K‡i jvfevb Ki‡e|
127
weGmAviAvB c¨v‡Wj cv¤ú
wPÎ : f‚-Dcwi¯’ cvwb †Zvjv n‡”Q f‚-Mf©¯’ cvwb †Zvjv n‡”Q
cÖavb êwkó¨
• weGmAviAvB c¨v‡Wj cv¤úwU GKwU cv-PvwjZ †UªWj cv‡¤úi DbœZ fvm©b
• GKRb †jvK evBmvB‡K‡ji b¨vq cv¤úwU `yB cv w`‡q Pvjv‡Z cv‡i|
• gwnjv, cyiæl I Aí eq¯‹ mevB GB cv¤ú Pvjv‡Z cv‡ib|
• IqvUvi †Uwej I GKzBdvi †f‡` cvwb D‡Ëvjb ÿgZv 60-100 wjUvi cÖwZ wgwbU|
• †mP ÿgZv cÖvq 0.5 GKi cÖwZw`b (AvU N›Uv)|
• ˆZix LiP 4500/- (Pvi nvRvi cuvPkZ) UvKv|
GB cv¤ú eënvi K‡i K…l‡Kiv ¯^v”Q›`fv‡e Kg mg‡q Aí cwikª‡g AwaK cvwb D‡Ëvjb
Ki‡Z cv‡ib, hv ÿz`ª cwim‡i †m‡Pi †ek Dc‡hvMx we‡kl K‡i †QvU AvL †ÿ‡Z, mxW‡e‡W
I evMv‡b|
128
weGmAviAvB cvIqvi PvwjZ DBWvi
AvL †ÿ‡Z weGmAviAvB cvIqvi PvwjZ DBWvi eënvi n‡”Q
cÖavb êwkó¨
• hv‡ì cvIqvi wUjvi Av‡Q Zviv Lye mn‡RB GB hš¿ eënvi K‡i Av‡Li Rwgi AvMvQv
wbov‡Z cv‡ib;
• hš¿wU Pvjv‡Z GKRb kªwg‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb;
• GB hš¿ eënv‡i AwZwi³ †Zgb †Kvb hš¿vs‡ki cÖ‡qvRb bvB;
• GB hš¿ cÖ¯’ eivei B”QvgZ Kwg‡q ev evwo‡q mvwi‡Z jvMv‡bv †h †Kvb dm‡ji Rwg‡Z
eënv‡iv‡cv‡hvMx;
• hš¿wU Pvjv‡Z NÈvq cÖvq 1 wjUvi wW‡Rj dz‡q‡ji cÖ‡qvRb|
• mgq cwikªg I A‡_©i AcPq †iva K‡i|
GB h‡š¿i eënvi Av‡Li Rwgi AvMvQv wbovwb‡Z kªwgK LiP eve` cÖvq wZb ¸Y A_© mvkªq
K‡i hvnv AvL Pvlx‡ì Av‡qi Dci eo GKUv cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i|
129

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weGmAviAvB D™¢vweZ Bÿz cÖhyw³i weeiYx

evsjv‡`k Bÿz M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU

Citation: Bashar et al., 2012

†gv. Lvqiæj evkvi

cÖRbb wefvM ................................................................................. 1

• jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv m¤úbœ

Aegyw³i mb t 1967 ● jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv

● eq¯‹ Av‡Li ce©ga¨ wmwjÛvi

c~Y© eq¯‹ Bÿz MvQ KvÛ I ce©ga¨

● Av‡Li †PvL I‡fU (Ovate)

Aegyw³i mb t 1982 ● jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv m¤úbœ

● Av‡Li ce©ga¨ wmwjÛvi

c~Y© eq¯‹ Bÿz MvQ KvÛ I ce©ga¨

● evwn‡ii AwiKj (Auricle)

†PvL evwni I wfZ‡ii AwiKj

Aegyw³i mb t 1981 ● LyeB DbœZ gv‡bi ¸o ˆZix nq

● ce©ga¨ wmwjÛvi (Cylindrical)

c~Y© eq¯‹ Bÿz MvQ KvÛ I ce©ga¨

● evWMÖæf (Budgroove) ¯úó

†PvL I evWMÖæf evwni I wfZ‡ii AwiKj

Aegyw³i mb t 1984 ● Aegyw³Kv‡j jvj cPv †ivM

● B¶zi is meyRvf njy`, ce©ga¨ eweb

c~Y© eq¯‹ Bÿz MvQ KvÛ I ce©ga¨

● evwn‡ii AwiKj (Auricle)

†PvL evwni I wfZ‡ii AwiKj

Aegyw³i mb t 1988 ● Aegyw³Kv‡j jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡iva

● ce©ga¨ K‡bvBWvj (Conoidal)

c~Y© eq¯‹ Bÿz MvQ KvÛ I ce©ga¨

• Av‡Li †PvL †QvU I wW¤^vK…wZi Ges

†PvL evwni I wfZ‡ii AwiKj

Aegyw³i mb t 1988 ● jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv

● ce©ga¨ K‡bvBWvj (Conoidal)

c~Y© eq¯‹ Bÿz MvQ KvÛ I ce©ga¨

● Av‡Li †PvL ga¨gvK…wZi I

†PvL evwni I wfZ‡ii AwiKj

Aegyw³i mb t 1990 ● D”P djbkxj

● ce©ga¨ K‡bvBWvj (Conoidal)

c~Y© eq¯‹ Bÿz MvQ KvÛ I ce©ga¨

● Av‡Li †PvL gvSvix †_‡K eo I

†PvL I evWMÖæf evwni I wfZ‡ii AwiKj

Aegyw³i mb t 1990 ● eb¨v mwnòz

● ce©ga¨ K‡bvBWvj (Conoidal)

c~Y© eq¯‹ Bÿz MvQ KvÛ I ce©ga¨

● Av‡Li †PvL gvSvix I wW¤^vK…wZi

†PvL evwni I wfZ‡ii AwiKj

Aegyw³i mb t 1993 ● jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv

● ce©ga¨ wmwjÛvi (Cylindrical)

c~Y© eq¯‹ Bÿz MvQ KvÛ I ce©ga¨

● Av‡Li †PvL gvSvix I wW¤^vK…wZi

†PvL evwni I wfZ‡ii AwiKj

Aegyw³i mb t 1993 ● jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv

● ce©ga¨ wmwjÛvi (Cylindrical)

c~Y© eq¯‹ Bÿz MvQ KvÛ I ce©ga¨

● Av‡Li †PvL gvSvix I wW¤^vK…wZi

†PvL evwni I wfZ‡ii AwiKj

Aegyw³i mb t 1993 ● jvj cPv †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv

● ce©ga¨ wmwjÛvi (Cylindrical)

c~Y© eq¯‹ Bÿz MvQ KvÛ I ce©ga¨

● Av‡Li †PvL gvSvix I wW¤^vK…wZi

†PvL evwni I wfZ‡ii AwiKj

Aegyw³i mb t 1995 ● jvj cPv †iv‡Mi cÖwZ

● ce©ga¨ wmwjÛvi (Cylindrical)

c~Y© eq¯‹ Bÿz MvQ KvÛ I ce©ga¨