President Ramon Magsaysay State University

Iba, Zambales
Graduate School

SS 307 – PROBLEMS IN THE INTERPRETATION OF PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Topic : BONIFACIO AND THE KATIPUNAN

Objective : Present situation during Bonifacio’s time and the events leading to his trial and
execution.

Presenters : Auman, Jeandhel C.

Macapanas, Andrea Amor
Reblando, Joana Marie
Villanueva, Reafe
Facilitator : Dr. MARIE FE D. DE GUZMAN, Professor V

Andres Bonifacio was born on November 30, 1863 in a small hut at Calle
Azcarraga, presently known as Claro M. Recto Avenue in Tondo, Manila.  His
father, Santiago Bonifacio, was a native of Taguig, a tailor and a teniente mayor of
Tondo, Manila during the colonial government. His mother, Catalina de Castro, was
a native of Iba, Zambales, a supervisor at a cigarette factory in Manila and a mestiza
born of a Spanish father and a Filipino-Chinese mother. Andres was not born and
raised a plebeian, he obtained his basic education through a private tutor, Guillermo
Osmeña of Cebu.  The Bonifacio siblings was orphaned when Andres was barely
fourteen. 

Andres was the eldest in a brood of six. 

His other siblings were Ciriaco, Procopio,
Troadio, Esperidiona and Maxima.  With this, Andres assumed the
responsibility of raising his younger siblings. Though very limited in
his education, he was endowed by nature with a beautiful penmanship
and an interest in craftsmanship. In order to support the needs of their
family, he maximized his skills in making crafts and sold paper fans
and canes.  When there was time, he made posters for business firms.

Late in his teens, he worked as messenger

in a foreign commercial firm Fleming & Company. Serious-minded, honest, and
dedicated to his work, he later on became the Company’s agent. His earnings,
however, were not enough to make both ends meet, eventually, he moved to a
German trading firm, Fressel & Company, where he worked as warehouse man until
1896. 

Poverty never hindered Andres’ thirst for knowledge.  He devoted most of his time
reading books while trying to improve his knowledge in the Spanish and Tagalog
language.  The warehouse of Fressel & Company served as his library and study
room, his constant struggle to make a living did not give him much leisure to
improve his mind. Nevertheless, he read books by the lamplight at home. He read
Rizal’s two novels, The Ruins of Palmyra, Victor Hugo’s Les Miserables, Eugene
Sue’s The Wandering Jew, the lives of the Presidents of the United States, International Law, the Penal and
Civil Codes, some novels, and a book on the French Revolution. Thus, while not fortunate to have a formal
education, he acquired a good understanding of the socio-historical process by his dint of hard work in
educating himself.
 President Ramon Magsaysay State University
Iba, Zambales
Graduate School

Bonifacio’s passion for changing the plight of his countrymen under colonialism encouraged him to join La
Liga Filipina. It was organized in July 3, 1892 by Jose Rizal with the purpose of uniting the people under “one
compact homogenous body” which is the nation, instituting reform, education and cooperation, building the
nation in the grassroots.
Andres Bonifacio was considered a Filipino revolutionary hero
who founded the Kataastaasan Kagalanggalang na Katipunan ng
mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) or Katipunan a secret society, in
1892. KKK is a society devoted to fighting the Spanish
occupation of the Philippines. He was the first one to have a clear
vision of what a Filipino nation should be—The Father of the
The Katipunan seal with Filipino Nation. He would later be known as Supremo; destined
Andres Bonifacio’s signature to change the history of the Filipino people.
Though the founder and organizer of the Katipunan, Andres
Bonifacio did not insist on becoming its president. It was only after discovering that the first two presidents
were not as serious in their duties as expected of them that he took over the reins of the Katipunan government.
To him, the question of the society’s survival was a matter of life and death, for he knew that the success of any
society depended on its president and the cooperation of its officers and members.

Andres was married to his first wife – Monica who died of leprosy a year after their marriage.  In 1892, he met
Gregoria de Jesus of Kalookan and fell in love with her. After two months of courtship, the two were married.
Gregoria was only sixteen years old and Andres was twenty-nine when their romance sprung.  At first,
Gregoria’s parents were against their relationship, but in time, allowed the couple to be married in Catholic rites
at Binondo Church. The two were married in 1892, both in Catholic and Katipunan rites. After the rites,
Gregoria was initiated into the Women’s Chapter of the Katipunan and chose
“Lakambini” as her nom de guerre. Henceforth, she took custody of the papers,
revolvers, seals, and other paraphernalia of the society.
Bonifacio may have been ignorant from the point of view of middle class, but
succeeded where the middle class failed. The middle class in their naiveté, held onto
their mistaken belief that Spain would hear their cries for reforms. Bonifacio, though
not highly educated, had more insight than his intellectual superiors. It was this
insight which led him to found the revolutionary Katipunan for he knew deep in his
heart that Spain would not grant the reforms demanded by the reformists. His insight
told him that only an armed conflict could make the Spaniards realize the folly of
their bull-headedness. Bonifacio, then was the legitimate Father of the Philippine
Revolution, and without him it is extremely doubtful whether the Philippine
Revolution could have become a reality at a time when everybody seemed in despair without doing anything
about it.

Bonifacio was unjustly accused of betraying the new republic led by Emilio
Aguinaldo. His remains are buried in an unmarked tomb. As the years passed,
the great Supremo’s story has been forgotten until his memory was diminished
to a footnote in the history books of our time. He was not merely a
revolutionary; he was a man who put his life on the line to see his people free.
Bonifacio was not just a supreme chief of some secret society; he was the
Father of the Filipino nation who was determined to bring his people together
in the name of solidarity and freedom. He serves not just as a champion for the
 President Ramon Magsaysay State University
Iba, Zambales
Graduate School

sake of bravery and bravado: he is an example of a just, hopeful, and humane hero amidst the desolate condition
of his country–thus his nom de guerre–Maypagasa (There is Hope).

We are aware of how our history is peopled with

figures who have become detached from fact and in the
process become pawns in the national rigodon of
precedence and ideological fashion in our national mythos.
And so, despite the resources that have been made available to us,
despite the face recalled by portraits, the features cast in bronze,
the question must be asked: How well do we know Andres Bonifacio?

The year-long online commemoration of the Andres Bonifacio Sesquicentennial, launched by the Presidential
Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office (PCDSPO) on November 2012, should not be
seen as an attempt to present a definitive, state-sanctioned portrait of the man many known as the Supremo—
who was, in fact, known within the Katipunan not by that moniker but as the Pangulo Nang Haring-Bayang
Katagalugan.

The current installment of the commemoration features a retrospective on—if not a reenactment-on-paper of—
the trial of Andres Bonifacio, a trial that was the natural progression from the events and the outcome of
the Tejeros Convention. Tejeros was the gathering that, on the surface, sought to become the rudimentary
foundations of a Filipino-led government. Its very existence was an act of defiance: The Tejeros Convention,
and the revolutionary government that emerged from it, was a decision point with regards to what form of
unified collective would ultimately seek to reclaim the country from its centuries-long conquerors.

But Tejeros, too, has been seen as the climax to Andres Bonfiacio’s fall—indeed, it signaled the hasty eviction
of a leader from the very revolution that he led. An assembly tainted with its participants’ suspicions of
electoral fraud, marked by accusations hurled from both increasingly territorial sides, and featuring a Bonifacio
chafing from public insinuations of inadequacy and outraged by the lack of due process—what had been
devised as a unifying meet between a revolutionary movement’s factions, between pueblos, between the
urbanidad and the provincial only, ultimately, underscored rigid intra-movement alliances.

For Bonifacio to declare thus a mere

day later—to release a manifesto
describing the disorderliness and the
chicanery rife within the Tejeros
Estate—to ferociously reject the
revolutionary government that had
just been established—would cost
him his life. He would be tried for
treason and sentenced to death in
Maragondon, Cavite

Two Boys Falling Out

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Graduate School

Why did Aguinaldo send Bonifacio to his death? The conflict ultimately started after the events of the Tejeros
Convention. Bonifacio, who felt that the Magdalo faction maneuvered to rig the elections (tenuous at best; most
of the Cabinet was from Bonifacio’s Magdiwang), stormed out and declared the results of the convention null
and void, drawing up the Acta de Tejeros with 44 other generals signing the document. Meanwhile, Aguinaldo
was surprised he was even elected President. He was busy in Silang when word came that he won an election.
The moments after Tejeros were tense for both parties. Bonifacio made his way to Naic with 40 other generals,
including some of Aguinaldo’s men, to further denounce the results of Tejeros, creating the Naic Military
Agreement. They declared that all military forces be consolidated under Pio del Pilar or face treason.

When Aguinaldo heard of this, he made his way to Naic to see what was going on himself. Though suffering
from malaria at the time, he managed to reach the town and confronted Bonifacio, who was meeting with
Aguinaldo’s generals Artemio Ricarte, Mariano Noriel, and del Pilar. The two were surprisingly civil:
Bonifacio invited him, saying, “Magtuloy po kayo at makinig sa aming pulong.” Aguinaldo replied, “Salamat
po, at marahil kung ako’y inyong kailangan, disin sana’y inanyayahan ninyo ako,” before leaving.

The Arrest at Indang

Aguinaldo took his time before deciding to act, taking care not to alienate Bonifacio’s supporters. Noriel and
del Pilar immediately went back to Aguinaldo’s side, as did others. Bonifacio decided to camp near Indang with
around 1,000 men, corresponding with Emilio Jacinto and Julio Nakpil up north and drawing up plans for an
offensive in Laguna. This would prove to be fatal, however, as Bonifacio’s courier, Antonino Guevara, failed
to deliver the messages and instead spent the time around Indang. The Supremo was left waiting for replies that
never came.
Meanwhile, reports from Severino de las Alas and Jose Coronel reached Aguinaldo. By this time, Aguinaldo
had finished consolidating his power base among the Cavite elite, giving him the confidence to act. Armed with
allegations of Bonifacio burning down a village and ordering the burning of a church in Indang, he decided to
exercise his prerogative as President and arrest Bonifacio, dispatching Agapito Bonzon and Jose Ignacio
Paua to arrest the Supremo.
What happened next would live in infamy. Bonifacio received the party cordially, but were met with attack.
Bonifacio ordered his men to stand down, refusing to fight his “fellow Tagalogs,” cries that were made in vain.
A few shots were fired, and Bonifacio was shot in the arm by Bonzon and stabbed in the neck by Paua.
Bonifacio's brother, Ciriaco, was shot dead. His other brother, Procopio, was beaten. His wife, Gregoria de
Jesus, was raped by Bonzon. Bonifacio, starved and wounded, was carried in a hammock to Naic, where
Aguinaldo waited.
Several complaints against Bonifacio

—In the beginning of May,1 Andres Bonifacio gathered his adherents and forces in the barrio of Limbon
(Indang) preparatory to leaving Cavite province and going to the mountains of San Mateo (Manila province)
 President Ramon Magsaysay State University
Iba, Zambales
Graduate School

and Bulacan. While he was awaiting all the Katipuneros and his soldiers who had followed him into Cavite
territory, and pending the return of the scouts who had gone ahead to explore the road by which he intended to
travel, many of the principal men of Indang, among them Severino de las Alas and Colonel Jose Coronel,
presented to Emilio Aguinaldo several complaints against Bonifacio. Among these charges, were the following:
 That Andres Bonifacio had been paid by the friars to organize the Katipunan and to send forth unarmed
Filipinos into a struggle against the Spanish government which possessed everything necessary for a
harsh campaign.
 That Andres Bonifacio had ordered his men to burn the church and convent of Indang should the
Spaniards capture the town.
 That Andres Bonifacio’s men stole carabaos and other work animals by force and killed them for food.
 That Andres Bonifacio had misspent all the funds of the Katipunan.
 That Andres Bonifacio intended to surrender with all his men to the Spaniards.

From Exile to Execution

The trial was a sham. Tried by a jury of Aguinaldo’s peers and defended by a lawyer who declared his
guilt, Bonifacio was assured of an unfavorable verdict. He was not allowed to confront the witness who
charged him with conspiracy, on account of the said witness having died in battle. The witness was
present during the trial.
In the end, Bonifacio was found guilty of treason. Aguinaldo, not wanting to further anger any of Bonifacio’s
supporters and not seeing the threat of a living Bonifacio, commuted his sentence to exile. Noriel and del Pilar,
who were both signatories of the Acta de Naic, argued otherwise and strongly urged for death sentence. The
order was given and signed by Aguinaldo’s hand.
Bonifacio would die.
The two brothers, Andres and Procopio, were taken to the mountains of Marogondon, near Mount Nagpatong
and Mount Buntis. Andres, still reeling from his injuries and blood loss, was taken there in a hammock. The
execution party was led by Lazaro Makapagal (ancestor of Diosdado Macapagal and Gloria Macapagal-
Arroyo), who shared multiple accounts of the execution with contemporaries.
Armed with a written letter from Aguinaldo, Makapagal read the sentence out loud. This is where his accounts
start to differ. In one account, he turned away before having his men shoot Procopio and Andres. In another
account, Procopio was shot first, the Supremo tried to run away, and Makapagal had to chase and gun him
down.
Another version comes from other people in the execution party, as told to Guillermo Masangkay: Procopio
was shot first, and Andres, unable to stand properly, was hacked down in order to save bullets. In any case, the
brothers were buried in shallow graves on the mountain.

The Founding of Katipunan

July 7, 1892 -Upon learning that Dr. Jose P. Rizal was to be deported and that his works were to be banned in
the country, Andres Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano and a few
others met secretly at a house on Azcarraga (now Claro M. Recto Avenue) near Elcano Street, Tondo an
decided to form an association called Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan nang manga Anak ng
Bayan or Katipunan for short. The men gathered around a flickering table lamp, performed the ancient
blood compact and signed their membership papers with their own blood. It was agreed to win more members
to the society by means of the triangle method in which an original member would take in two new
members who did not know each other but knew only the original member who took them in. Also agreed
upon during the meeting was the payment of an entrance fee of one real fuerte (twenty-five centavos) and a
monthly due of medio real (about twelve centavos).
 President Ramon Magsaysay State University
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Graduate School

The Katipunan Objectives

Under the leadership of Bonifacio, the Katipunan laid down three fundamental objectives or aims: political,
moral and civic.
1. Political objective consisted in working for the separation of the Philippines from Spain.
2. Moral objective revolved around the teaching of good manners, hygiene, good morals, and attacking
obscurantism, religious fanaticism and weakness of character.
3. Civil aim revolved around principle of self-help and the defense of the poor and the oppressed.
All members were urged to come to the aid of the sick comrades and their families and in case of death, the
society itself was to pay for the funeral expenses. For the purpose of economy, however, the society saw to it
that the funeral was of the simplest kind, avoiding unnecessary expenses so common under the rule of friars.

The Structure of the Katipunan

A study of the procedure and structure of the Katipunan reveals that it was influenced by Masonry, insofar as
initiation rites were concerned and by Rizal’s La Liga Filipina as to organization.

Three governing bodies: Kataastaasang Sanggunian (Supreme Council) was the highest governing body of
the society and was composed of a president, a fiscal, a secretary, a treasurer and a comptroller or inventor. The
Sangguniang Bayan (Provincial Council) and Sangguniang Balangay (Popular Council) represented
respectively the province and the municipality or town. Each of these had a council similar to that of the
Supreme Council. The latter, together with the presidents of the two other councils, constituted the Katipunan
Assembly.
Judicial power rested in the sangguniang hukuman, which were provincial courts that decided on internal
matters; however, judgement on grave matters (such as betraying the Katipunan or committing acts penalized
by the organization’s laws) were meted by the “Secret Chamber,” composed of Andres Bonifacio, Emilio
Jacinto, and Dr. Pio Valenzuela.
Contrary to popular belief, Andres Bonifacio—though undoubtedly one of the more prominent founders of the
Katipunan—was not its first Supremo or the President of the Supreme Council.

On July 15, 1892, the members of the Supreme Council were:

Deodato Arellano (Supremo)
Bonifacio (Comptroller)
Ladislao Diwa (Fiscal)
Teodoro Plata (Secretary)
Valentin Diaz (Treasurer)

Unsatisfied with Arellano’s performance as Supremo, Bonifacio later had him deposed, and supported the
election of Roman Basa as Supremo on February 1, 1893. The Supreme Council was then composed of Basa,
Jose Turiano Santiago (Secretary), Bonifacio (Fiscal), and Vicente Molina (Treasurer).
Bonifacio would only become Supremo on January 5, 1894, with Santiago (Secretary), Emilio Jacinto (Fiscal),
and Molina (Treasurer). Further reorganization in 1896 led to Jacinto becoming Secretary, and Pio Valenzuela
becoming Fiscal.

The Supreme Council in August 1896, prior to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution, was led by:

Bonifacio as the Supremo

Jacinto as Secretary of State
Teodoro Plata as Secretary of War
Briccio Pantas as Secretary of Justice
 President Ramon Magsaysay State University
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Aguedo del Rosario as Secretary of Interior

Enrique Pacheco as Secretary of Finance

Kinds of membership

The
Katipunan
Codes
First Code
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Second Code (August 21, 1896)

Cipher between Bonifacio and Jacinto

After the Tejeros Convention ( March 22, 1897)

The Flags of the Katipunan

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Personal flag or standard First official flag of Flag of the katipuneros

of Andres Bonifacio Society

The Teachings of Katipunan

I. Life that is not consecrated to a lofty and sacred cause is a tree without a shadow, if not a poisonous weed.

II. A good deed that springs from a desire for personal profit and not from a desire to do good is not kindness.

III. True greatness consists in being charitable, in loving one’s fellow-men and adjusting every movement, deed
and word to true Reason.

IV. All men are equal, be the color of their skin black or white. One may be superior to another in knowledge,
wealth and beauty but cannot be superior in being.

V. He who is noble prefers honor to personal gains; he who is mean prefers personal profit to honor.

VI. To a man with a sense of shame, his word is inviolate.

VII. Don’t fritter away time; lost riches may be recovered, but time lost will never come again.

VIII. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.

IX. An intelligent man is he who is cautious in speech and knows how to keep the secrets that must be guarded.

X. In the thorny path of life, man is the guide of his wife and children; if he who guides moves toward evil, they
who are guided likewise move toward evil.

XI. Think not of woman as a thing merely to while away time with, but as a helper and partner in hardships of
life. Respect her in her weakness and remember the mother who brought you into this world and who cared for
you in your childhood.

XII. What you do not want done to your wife, daughter and sister, do not do to the wife, daughter and sister of
another.

XIII. The nobility of a man does not consist in being a king, nor in highest of the nose and the whiteness of the
skin, nor in being a priest representing God, or in the exalted position on this earth, but pure and truly noble is
he who, though born in the woods, is possessed of an upright character; who is true to his words; who has
dignity and honor; who does not oppress and does not help those who oppress; who knows how to look after
and love the land of his birth.
 President Ramon Magsaysay State University
Iba, Zambales
Graduate School

"Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Z. Ll. B." ("The Duties of the Sons of the People")

I. Love God with all your heart.

II. Bear always in mind that the love of God is also the love of country, and this, too, is love of one's fellow-
men.

III. Engrave in your heart that the true measure of honor and happiness is to die for the freedom of your country.

IV. All your good wishes will be crowned with success if you have serenity, constancy, reason, and faith in
your acts and endeavor.

V. Guard the mandates and aims of the K.K.K. as you guard your honor.

VI. It is the duty of all to deliver, at the risk of their own lives and wealth, anyone who runs great risks in the
performance of his duty.

VII. Our responsibility to ourselves and the performance of our duties will be the example set for our fellow-
men to follow.

VIII. Insofar as it is within your power, share your means with the poor and the unfortunate.

IX. Diligence in the work that gives sustenance to you is the true basis of love --- love for your own self, for
your wife and children, and for your brothers and countrymen.

X. Punish any scoundrel and traitor and praise all good work. Believe, likewise, that the aims of the K.K.K. are
God-given for the will of the people is also the will of God.

The Women’s Chapter of the Katipunan

Bonifacio limited the members to the wives, daughters and sisters of the male members. It was their duty to take
in new members, male or female and more important from point of view of security to see to it that the meetings
of the male members were not disturbed by surprise raids of the authorities.

Among the women members of the Katipunan were Gregoria de Jesus, Bonifacio’s wife, who was called the
Lakambini of the K.K.K.; Maria Dizon, wife of Katipunero Jose Turiano Santiago and cousin of Emilio Jacinto;
Benita Rodriguez, who made the katipunan flag and was the wife of katipunero Restituto Javier Simeona de
Remigio, wife of katipunero Tomas Remigio; Josefa and Trinidad Rizal, sister of Dr. Rizal; Delfina Herbosa
and Angelica Lopez, Dr. Rizal’s nieces and Marta Saldaňo.

The Katipunan Newspaper

In 1894, the Katipunan bought an old handpress with money generously donated by two patriotic Filipinos from
Visayas – Francisco del Castillo and Candido Iban – who had worked for some years in Australia and won a
lottery prize in that country. The types used in printing were purchased from Isabelo de los Reyes and many
were stolen from the press of the Diario de Manila (Manilay Daily) by Filipino employees who were members
of the Katipunan.
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This revolutionary newspaper “Kalayaan” was founded by Jacinto to disseminate the ideals of the society. The
first issue came out in January 1896. About 1,000 copies were issued, some of which fell into the hands of the
Spanish authorities.

Pen names:
Dimas-Ilaw - Jacinto
Agap-ito Bagumbayan – Bonifacio
Madlang-Away - Valenzuela

Discovery of Katipunan

The katipunan was finally discovered by the Spanish authorities on August 19,1896. At 6:15 pm of the day,
Teodoro Patiňo, a member of the katipunan and an employee of the Diario de Manila, upon the advice of the
mother portress of Mandaluyong Orphanage and of his sister, Honoria Patino went to the convent of Tondo and
revealed the secrets of the Katipunan to Father Mariano Gil, Augustinian parish curate.

Alarmed at such startling information, Father Gil accompanied by Spanish witnesses, searched the printing shop
of the Diario de Manila and found the incriminating evidence. He rushed to the authorities and denounced the
revolutionary plot of the katipunan.

That night manila did not sleep. The forces of Spanish law pounced upon the homes of the suspects and locked
them up in jail. Those who were warned in time, notably Bonifacio, Jacinto and others fled into hiding. Through
the dark hours of the night, many Filipino families in the city prayed and awaited in suspense the red dawn of
the following day.

Pagtatasa sa Pagsusulong ng Rebolusyon ni Andres Bonifacio

 Naging matagumpay ba ang rebolusyong 1896?

 Ano ang tinungo ng Rebolusyong isinulong ni Andres Bonifacio?
 Balikan natin ang mga tatlong Obhetibo ng Katipunan sa Rebolusyon.

1. Obhetibong Politikal – Separasyon ng Pilipinas sa Espanya. Ang Pilipinas Bilang Nagsasariling Bansa.
2. Obhetibong Moral – pagtuturo ng kabutihang-asal, moralidad, pagwasak sa kanya-kanya at pagiging
makasarili, obskurantismo at panatisismo sa relihiyon.
3. Layuning sibil – prinsipyong tulong sa sarili at pagdepensa sa mga mahihirap at inaapi sa lipunan

Sa obhetibong Politikal. Malinaw na nakasaad ito sa prinsipyo ng Katipunan at ni Andres Bonifacio

bilang lider ng KKK. Ito ay pinatibay sa Kartilya ng Katipunan.
Obhetibong Moral. Ito ay hindi nakamit, bagama’t may sinusunod na mahigpit na batas ang bawa’t
miyembro, mayroong hindi napagkaunawaan sa pagitan nila Apolonio de la Cruz at Teodoro Patino. Bilang
ganti ni Teodoro Patino sa hindi nila pagkakaunawaan ay ang pagbunyag nito sa kanyang kapatid na si
Honorario na nagbigay din ng suhestiyon na isiwalat ang lahat ng nalalaman ng kapatid kay Padre Mariano Gil
ang tungkol sa Katipunan.
Layuning Sibil. Primaryang pagtulong sa mga inaapi sa lipunan at pagwasak sa pagsasamantala ng mga
magsasaka at mangagawa ang malinaw na layuning sibil ng KKK. Ngunit sa kabilang banda, hindi alinsunod
ang mga mayayamang Pilipino nang kanilang pagtanggi sa kanilang kinalaman sa pagsusulong ng rebolusyon.
Ang mga pekeng pirma na ginamit umano nila Bonifacio at Jacinto upang himukin ang mga mayayamang
Pilipino na inakusahang nagbibigay ng pondo para sa rebolusyon ay pinabulaanan.
 President Ramon Magsaysay State University
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Graduate School

Paglalagom:
1892 nang inilimbag ang ilang mga sulating anti-Kastila sa limbagang “Kalayaan” ng KKK. Dito
simulang umusbong ang di-mapigilang pag-aklas ng mamamayang Pilipino higit sa Timog Katagalugan tulad
mula sa lalawigan ng Kabite, Laguna, Batangas at maging sa ilang bahagi ng Kamaynilaan upang ipaglaban ang
tuluyang pagsasarili ng Pilipinas laban sa Espanya. Mahigit libu-libong miyembro na pangunahing nagmula sa
hanay ng mga manggagawa at magsasaka ang mga puwersang nagsama-sama upang yakapin ang
pagrerebolusyon. Nguni’t sa hindi naiwasang pagkawatak-watak din mismo sa prinsipyo ng ilang mga
miyembro ng Katipunan at ang pagmamadali nang walang sapat na paghahanda ng pwersang armas ang
nagdulot sa pagbagsak ng paghihimagsik.
Hindi taliwas sa rebolusyon si Rizal. Ito ay ayon an rin sa panayam ni Valenzuela kay Rizal noong ito ay nasa
Dapitan. Ang suri ni Rizal na sa hindi pa handa at sapat na kasangkapang armas ng mga Pilipino tulad ng sa
kalaban ay isang kaalamang natutunan nia mula sa pagrerebolusyon ng ibang bansa na isang nagging dahilan
niya ng di kumpiyansadong kakayanin na ng mga Pilipino na mapagtagumpayan ang rebolusyon. Kung kaya
naman mula sa impormasyong ito na nakuha ni Valenzuela kay Rizal ay agad niya itong ibinahagi kay
Bonifacio bilang misyon.
Isang estratehiya na ginawa ni Bonifacio ay ang pakikipag-alyado ng ilang miyembro ng KKK na nakaupo sa
gobyerno. Sina Miguel at Roman Ramos na nasa Maestranza (arsenal) ay kanyang inutusan na manguha ng mga
riple and pistol upang makadagdag sa kagamitang pandigma ng KKK. Maging ang pagkuha ng mga “bolo”
mula sa mga nagmamanupaktura sa bansa ay hiniling ni Bonifacio na makapagbigay ambag para sa
karagdagang kagamitan.
1892 nang dumami ang mga Pilipinong kaanib ng rebolusyon. Ito ay lubhang ikinatakot ng mga Kastila
at di magkamayaw na mga balita ng pag-aaklas na nakaabot hanggang kamaynilaan maging sa mga prayle at
malalaking simbahan na nagdulot ng malaking takot sa mga Kastila.
Magandang isipin ang obhetibong politikal ng rebolusyong KKK sa pamumuno ni Andres Bonifacio. Nguni’t sa
kakulangan ng kahandaan ng sambayanan, ng mismong kasapi nito, maging sa kakulangan sa armas at
kasanayan sa pakikipaglaban ang mga naging dahilan ng pagkabigo ng rebolusyon. Isa rin sa napakahalagang
bigyang pansin ang di-pagkakaisa sa hanay ng mga Pilipino. Hindi nakipagkaisa ang mga mayayamang Pilipino
na sa huli ay itinanggi nila sa mga Kastila ang kanilang kaalaman at ibinibigay na suportang pinansyal sa
rebolusyon.

REFERENCES:
Agoncillo, Teodoro A.(1990).History of the Filipino People. Bonifacio and the Katipunan (pp.156-173)

Constantino, Letizia.(1975) .The Philippines: A Past Revisited.Manila: Tala Publishing Services,.

Guerrero, Amado V.(1996). Third Edition:Maikling Kurso sa Lipunan at Rebolusyong Pilipino

Ileta, Reynaldo Clemena.(1998).Filipinos and their Revolution: Event, Discourse, and Historiography.
Manila: Ateneo de Manila University Press

Zaide, S.M.& Zaide, G. F (2006). The Philippines: A Unique Nation.Propaganda Movement and the
Katipunan(pp.221-223)

Bonifacio, Andres.(1963).The Writings and Trial of Andres Bonifacio.Manila: University of the

Philippines

“The PCDSPO Launch of the Andres Bonifacio Sesquicentennial”(November 2012)

 President Ramon Magsaysay State University
Iba, Zambales
Graduate School

5 career lessons from Andres Bonifacio. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.monster.com.ph/amp/career-

advice/5career-lessons-from-andres-bonifacio-7457.html

Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan. (2015, September 08). Retrieved from http://nhcp.gov.ph/andres-
bonifacio-and-the-katipunan

Andres Bonifacio. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/bonifacio.html

Mansalay, Margarita. (n.d.). Andres Bonifacio “Father of the Filipino Nation”. Retrieved from
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