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Rainbow Connection
Rainbow Connection
Materials Required:
light box
towel
600 mL Berzelius, tall form beakers (6)
30 mL beaker
4 L plastic Nalgene container
12" glue stick stirring rod
2 L pitchers (2 identical, non-transparent)
dropping bottles (9)
Kermit the Frog (optional)
Reagents
phenolphthalein
thymolphthalein
p-nitrophenol
sodium hydroxide
glycerin
95 % ethanol
Solutions
Indicators:
Mix the amounts listed above with 30 mL 95 % ethanol and store in dropping bottles labeled with the color
indicated.
Acid-alcohol solution (0.05 M H2SO4 mixed with an equal volume of 95% ethanol):
Dilute 2.8 mL of con H2SO4 to 1 L with deionized water. Mix with an equal volume (1 L) of 95% ethanol.
H2SO4-glycerin solution:
Pre-demonstration Preparation:
1. Label the beakers with their color, and place two drops of indicator solution of that color in the center of
each beaker. Set them on the light box in rainbow order (ROYGBV) from left to right.
2. Label one of the pitchers as acid and fill completely with acid-alcohol solution. Sit on the top of the table to
the right of the light box.
3. Label the other pitcher as base, and fill completely with base solution. Set it on the floor behind the table
out of view by the audience.
4. Add 25 drops of H2SO4 glycerin solution in the center of the 4 L plastic container and set it to the left of the
light box.
5. Set the 30 mL beaker, glue stick stirrer, towel, and dropper bottle of H2SO4-glycerin behind the light box
and to the left.
6. Set Kermit on the front of the table to one side so that the audience view will not be obstructed.
7. If the indicator solution dries on the bottom of the beakers they will appear cloudy. Add a few drops of 95
% ethanol if this happens to keep them "invisible" on the bottom.
The Demonstration:
Banjo strumming
Pour acid alcohol mixture into the glasses. Be done by the end of the verse.
Observe that there is no rainbow. Switch pitchers (i.e. place acid pitcher on the floor behind the table,
look closely at the glasses, and pick up the base pitcher)
Someday weíll find it, the rainbow connection;
After looking at the (base) pitcher in wonder, pour about 70 mL of solution into each glass. This is not
enough to develop the colors.
Starting with red, pour in sequence the colors of the rainbow. Pick up a glass pour in enough base to
develop the color (approximately 150 mL), and display the colored glass to the audience. Start with the
word "Who" and finish with "me." When finished take a bow!
Have you been half asleep and have you heard voices?
Add two drops of H2SO4- glycerin to each beaker. Finish by "my name."
Present the stirrer and stir out the colors of the rainbow in sequence. Finish by "ignore it." Present the
colorless glasses and take a bow.
Pick up the base pitcher and quickly redevelop the colors in all of the glasses, again in rainbow
sequence. You will add about 100 mL of base to each glass.
La-la-la......
As the song ends, remove the center two glasses (yellow and green) from the light box. Replace them
with the 4 L container. Pour the contents of the glasses into the 4 L container, two at a time, pouring
the last two (red and violet) as the song fades.
Safety Precautions:
The acid alcohol solution is flammable. Keep the container closed. Avoid flames or sparks. The acid (glycerin
and acid alcohol) and base solutions can cause burns. Wear safety glasses. If you spill these solutions on
yourself, wash it off immediately.
Disposal:
Reference: