Q.1.

Discuss the various factors which should be considered while writing/drafting

detailed specifications.
Ans: - The various factors which should be considered while drafting detailed specifications are as
follows:-

i) Specification language:-
Specification language should be simple and clear.
ii) Brevity:-
Specification should be brief; long and complicated sentences should be omitted.
iii) Fairness:-
Specification should be fair to all parties.
iv) All items which affect the cost should be included.
v) Standard sizes and patterns should be used.
vi) Repetition of information should be avoided.
vii) Inapplicable texts and materials should be avoided.
viii) Specification should prescribe the quality of materials, desired results, etc.
ix) Specification in paragraphs
Eg; Specification for material
Brickwork in (1:6) cement mortar)
Brick: Shall confirm to NS-2035
x) Work priority should be considered.

Q.2. Mention the various details which should be given in specifications for materials
and workmanship.
Ans: - Following details should be given in specifications for materials:-
i) Chemical composition of the materials.
ii) Physical properties of the materials.
iii) Precautions.
iv) Method of performing various tests, inspection, etc.

For control of workmanship following details are given:-

i) Details regarding the methods of construction of each item.
ii) Details regarding the protection of the finished work as well as the adjacent properties.
iii) Details regarding the desired result in keeping view with practical limit of tolerance.

Q.3. Describe the importance of detailed specification in the construction works.

Ans: - Detailed specification is a part of contract document which gives detailed information regarding
the quality of materials, workmanship, etc.
The importance of detailed specification in the construction works are as follows:
i) It describes in detail the final desired result of the products or items.
ii) It describes the inspections, tests, etc to be carried out.
iii) It explains in detail the physical and chemical properties of the materials, chemical
composition and the precautions to be taken.
iv) It describes the method of construction of each item, details regarding the protection of finished
work as well as the adjacent properties.
v) It gives the details regarding the desired result keeping in view the practical limit of tolerance.
vi) It describes the machinery and equipment to be used in the construction.
vii) It describes about the patented or standardized items such as paints, hinges, etc.

It gives the details for specified material and group of materials.

Q.4. Explain in detail about the ‘object’ and ‘importance’ of secification.

Ans: - Specification is defined as a statement of a particular. The objects of specification are as follows:

i) To provide written instructions limiting and describe in detail the construction work to be
undertaken.
ii) To describe construction work to be done, the quality of materials to be used and the labor to
be employed.
iii) To explain the method of construction to be adopted method of tests, inspection to be done,
etc.

The importance of specification are as follows:

i) The cost of a unit quality of work is governed by its specification.

ii) Specification is an essential contract document and is required for court cases.
iii) To verify and check the strength of materials for a work involved in project.
iv) To specify the equipments and plants to be engaged for a work and thus enables to procure or hire
them beforehand.
v) Tender without specification of work is incomplete, baseless and invalid.
vi) Any changes in specification changes the tendered rates.
vii) To procure materials required for project as well as the owner can check the quality of materials
confirming the specification, avoiding dispute with the contractor.
viii) In the event of conflict between the specification and drawings, specification shall
govern,etc.

Q.5. “The cost of an unit quantity of work is governed by its Specification.” Is this statement
correct? Explain with example.

Yes, “The cost of an unit quantity of work is governed by its Specification”, is a true statement. This is
because specification helps us to allocate budgets on the basis of a project’s scope and feasibility. Also,
 Specification helps us to estimate the requirements of materials or labors required for work depending upon its
quality to be furnished.

For example, we have to estimate the unit quantity of work, consider quantity as 1 meter cube of a room.
This 1 metre cube of room can be compared to calculate overall cost of the work too.

The cost of this 1 metre cube of room depends upon:

• The criteria of the investment

• The quality of the systems and products
• The products which are to be used
• Which standards are applicable and how they should be executed

So these requirements can be easily cleared by taking help of specification, which provides:

• Clear instructions on the intent, performance and construction of the unit quantity of work.
• It can reference the quality and standards which should be applied in doing that unit quantity of
work.
• Materials and manufacturers’ products can be clearly defined for doing that unit quantity of work.
• The requirements for installation, testing and handover can be identified for doing that unit
quantity of work.

It can be used to support the costing of a project, not only the materials and products but also the
performance and workmanship. So specification also saves the project team, the client and the contractor
time and money by providing answers to many of the on-site construction questions.

By being clear and concise and containing all the information via specification, it provides us idea about
cost of an unit quantity of work.

So, “The cost of an unit quantity of work is governed by its Specification”, is a true statement.

6. A building is to be constructed which involves the following items of work. Write down the
detailed specification of following:

I.EARTHWORK IN EXCAVATION IN FOUNDATION:

The earthwork in excavation in foundation involves the following steps:
i) Cleaning of the site:
 The required site where the structure needs to be built or the area that is required for setting out
purpose should be cleared from all the obstructions, loose stones, materials and rubbish of all kinds.
Brushwood and trees shall be removed as directed, roots being entirely grubbed up. All the useful
materials obtained shall be staked as directed in the specification. Useless materials shall be burned or
disposed off as directed by the engineers.

ii) Setting out:

Once the site has been cleared, center lines as per given by the Engineers shall be installed by the
contractor through reference marks, bench marks, etc. The contractor shall assume full responsibilities
for alignment, elevating and dimension of each and all parts of the work. Labors, materials, etc. required
for setting out and establishing bench marks and others references shall be arranged by the contractor
himself.

iii) Excavation:
The foundation is then excavated including the removal of all materials of whatever nature, whether
wet or dry, exactly in accordance with the line, levels, grades, curves as shown on plans or the drawings.
It shall be taken to the exact width of the lowest step of the footing and the sides shall be left plumb
where the nature of soil admits it. The contractor shall do the necessary treatment of shoring or cutting
the slopes to a safe angle etc. at his own cost unless stated.

iv) Disposal of excavated materials:

No materials excavated from the trenches should be placed even temporarily near to the outer edge of
the excavation. All the excavated materials should be done at a minimum distance of 1m from the
trench. Materials useful for other purposes should be stacked in convenient places without disturbing the
free movements needed for constructional purpose.

v) Weak ground:
In case during the excavation if weak ground is encountered, the ground shall be filled up with 1:3:6
lean concrete.

vi) Shoring:
The shoring of sufficient strength to resist side pressure and ensure safety from steps and blows to
prevent damage to work and property and injury to persons should be provided by the contractor himself
unless stated in the specification separately.

vii) Dewatering:
The excavation rate shall include all the pumping out water cost unless and otherwise stated which
may accumulate in excavation during the progress of construction. It should be taken into consideration
that the pumping of water from the trenches should not cause damage to the foundation trenches,
concrete or masonry or any adjacent structure.
 viii) Antiques:
Any archaeologically important materials like coins, idols, relics, and etc. if found should be informed
to engineer or contractor. Such materials shall be government property.

ix) Protection:
In frequented places, the foundation pits should be fenced well or marked with red line so as to prevent
from the accidents. Also, adequate protective measures should be adopted so that the excavation does
not affect or damage adjoining structure and cause injury to the people and property. In any of such
cases, contractor shall be entirely responsible for any injury to the life and damage to the property .

x) Backfilling:
After the masonry or the concrete work is completed in the foundation, all the spaces between
foundation masonry or concrete and the sides of excavation must be refilled to the original surface with
approved materials, in layers of 15 to 20cm in thickness, watered and rammed to compact after
removing the timber work is removed.

xi) Types of excavation:

All sorts of soils such as, sand, gravel, soft clay, black soil, and other similar material can be easily
removed. Removal of small boulders not exceeding 3000cc shall be included in the rate for excavation.

xii) Engineer’s approval:

Engineer’s approval is a must in any construction work. All the works should be approved by the
engineer or else adjustments have to be made.

xiii) Mode of measurement and Payment:

The measurement and payment is made in per cubic meters (m3) or cubic foot (ft3). The rates shall
include all the cost of materials, labors and all the things mentioned above.

II.EARTHWORK IN FILLING IN FLOOR:

All the filling materials should be subjected to Engineer’s approval. If Engineer rejects any materials,
Contractor should remove it from the site without any extra cost. Surplus fill material should be
deposited as directed by Engineer after the fill work is completed. The earth fill work should not be
commenced unless the surface water discharges.
i.Materials required:
The materials to be used to fill should be free from clods, salts, sulphates, and organic or other foreign
material and chemicals. All clods of earth shall be broken into pieces not larger than 150-mm size mixed
with properly graded fine materials consisting of earth to fill up the voids.in case, if the selected fill
material is required to be borrowed; Contractor should arrange such material from outside borrow pits.
The material and source should be approved by the Engineer.
 ii.Cleaning of the pits:
The approved borrow pit area shall be cleared of all bushes, roots of trees, plants, rubbish etc. top soil
containing salts/ sulphates and other foreign materials and chemicals should be removed. The materials
so removed shall be burnt or disposal off as directed by Engineer.

a) Filling around foundations of structures, walls etc.

After the foundation work is accepted by the engineer, the spaces around the foundations, structures, pits,
trenches etc, should be cleared of all debris, and filled with earth in layers not exceeding 45 cm. Each
layer is then watered, rammed and properly consolidated, before the succeeding layer is laid. Earth shall
be rammed with approved mechanical compaction machines unless manual tampers is avoided; to the
level of satisfaction of the engineer. The final backfill surface should be trimmed and leveled as directed
by Engineer or indicated on the drawings.

b) Plinth filling
The case is same in plinth filling as in above. The filling is carried out with approved material as described
above in layers not exceeding 45 cm, watered and compacted with mechanical compaction machines
unless the mechanical compaction is not possible. When filling reaches the finished level, the surface shall
be flooded with water, for at least 24 hours, allowed to dry and then the surface is again compacted. The
finished level of the filling shall be trimmed to the level/slope specified.
If specified, the compaction of the plinth fill should be carried out by means of 12 tones smooth wheeled
rollers. A smaller weight roller may be used only if permitted by Engineer. As rolling proceeds water
sprinkling should be done to assist consolidation except in case of the sandy fill. The thickness of each
unconsolidated fill layer can be up to a maximum of 450 mm. The thickness of the layers in which fill has
to be consolidated is determined by the engineers depending on the fill materials and equipment used.

III.SAND FILLING IN FLOOR:

i) Scope:
This specification covers the general requirements related to the filling of sand in floor.
ii) Materials:
The sand used shall be clean, medium grained and free from impurities.
iii) Filling:
The filling in sand shall be kept flooded with water for 24 hrs to ensure maximum consolidation. Any
temporary work required to contain sand under flooded condition shall be informed to contractor’s
account. The surface of the consolidated sand shall be dressed to required level or slope fill shall not be
started until engineer has inspected and approves the fill.
iv) Rate:
The rate for sand filling in floor shall comply to the following:
a) Labor for the work.
b) Good quality sand for filling.
 c) Necessary protection for the purpose.
d) Supplies for inspection for the task.

IV. BRICK ON FLAT SOLING IN FOUNDATION AND FLOOR:

I.Second class bricks in dry condition should be laid on the foundation bed after the bed is cleaned. The
bricks should be laid in headers with frogs facing upwards.
II.All the bricks should be laid closely with break joints and the small gaps between them should be filled
up with local fine sand or dry loose earth.
III.Brick-bats which are permitted to be used only to provide break joints should be placed at the edges of
trenches.
IV.The finished surfaces should be leveled both longitudinally and transversely.

V.PCC (1:3:6) IN FOUNDATION

PCC in foundation involves following steps:
i.Specification of materials:
• Aggregate:
It should be clear, dense, hard, sound, durable, non- observant and capable of developing good bond with
mortar.
- Coarse aggregate should be of hard broken stone of granite, free from dust, dirt and other foreign
matters. Unless mentioned it should be 20mm graded down and should be retained in a 5mm square mesh
so that voids do not exceed 42%.
- Fine aggregate should be of coarse sand consisting of hard, sharp and angular grains and shall pass
through a 4.75 mm sieve. Sand should be of standard specification, clean and free from dirt and organic
matter. Sea sand should not be used.
• Cement:
Cement should be of OPC when no type is specified. The weight of OPC should be 1440 kg per m 3 and
rapid hardening cement as 1210 kg per m3. OPC stored for more than 2 months from the data of receipt
from factory should be subjected to test and used only when found satisfactory. Cement must be fresh and
stored on planks raised 15-20 cm, away from walls, not more than 15 bags shall be stacked vertically in
one pile and maximum width of pile should not be more than 3m.
• Sand :
Sand shall be river sand or pit sand. It should be well graded. Clay, silt content should not be greater than
5%; if so should be washed before use.

• Water :
It should be of potable quality for mixing concrete and cutting the work.

ii.Combination of materials:
• Proportion :
 The proportion of cement, sand, aggregate should be 1 part cement, 3 part sand, 6 part aggregate.
• Batching/ measurement:
The measurement of cement, sand and aggregate should be in weight.
• Mixing:
Hand mixing should be done on masonry platform or sheet iron tray. In machine mixing the cement, sand,
and aggregate is put into the mixer to have required proportion.
iii.Preparation of concrete and laying:
The PCC foundation works like work of compaction leveling marking thickness, etc. are carried out. The
concrete should be properly laid inlayer of 15cm and properly set within 45 minutes. To avoid segregation
concrete must not be filled from 1m. The compaction should be optimum. The stops in concrete are
maintained in 1/3 or 2/3 of spans.
iv.Tests:
Regular slump test should be carried out to control the addition of water and to maintain the required
consistency. A slump of 7.5cm -10cm may be allowed for building work.
v.Clearing on completion:
It should be protected from rain heat and cold. The curing should be done for 14 days.
vi.Mode of measurement:
The measurement is done in per cubic meters (m3) or cubic foot (ft3).

VI.BRICK WORK IN (1:4) CEMENT MORTAR IN FOUNDATION AND SUPERSTRUCTURE.

i) Materials:
• Bricks:
Unless otherwise stated the bricks should confirm to IS 1077-1957 and should be first class bricks. It
should be thoroughly burnt, have uniform color, regular in shape and size with sharp edges and should
emit a clear ringing sound when struck. Brick shall not absorb more than 1/6th of their weight when soaked
in water for 1 hour. The crushing strength shall be of minimum 105 kg/sq.cm.
• Cement:
The cement should confirm to IS 269-1976. Ordinary Portland cement shall be used unless otherwise
stated. The weight of O.P.C should be 1440 kg/ cu.cm. The minimum compressive strength of OPC should
be 175 kg/sq.cm.
• Storage:
The storage of cement shall be done on the raised platform 15cm above the floor level and 30 cm away
from the walls under the leak proof roof in a weather proof building. Maximum of 15 bags shall be stacked
vertically in one pile to prevent lumping of cement under pressure and height of maximum 3m.
ii) Mortar:
Mortar shall be as specified in the drawing. Bill of quantities or schedule of items for the particular work
which may differ from case to case and as per the size, shape and thickness of the wall.
a) Mix:
 Cement sand shall be nixed dry thoroughly on clean approved platform of in a mechanical mixer and water
shall be added to obtain a mortar of the consistency of a stiff paste.
b) Use of mortar:
Mortar shall be used as soon as possible, after mixing and within ½ hrs after cement is mixed wet. Mortar
unused for more than ½ hrs shall be rejected and removed.
c) Transportation of mortar:
The well mixed mortar shall be transported from the mixing platform to the site of work in such a manner
as to prevent formation of laitance and segregation.
iii) Bond:
English bond shall be used in the construction of full brick and thicker walls unless otherwise specified in
the drawing. For half brick, thick wall “stretcher bond” shall be used throughout the length of the wall.
iv)Thickness of joints:
The thickness of joints in the brickwork shall be 8mm unless specified.
v) Soaking of bricks:
Bricks shall be soaked in water before use. Any dust shall be removed from the surface of the bricks while
soaking the water must penetrate the whole depth of the brick.
vi)Laying of bricks for masonry:
Bricks shall be laid on a full bed of mortar evenly applied on the wetted surface of the old brick work.
Any dirt or earth shall be cleaned by the wire brush and washed down with water jet. While laying, the
brick shall be slightly pressed so that the mortar can get into all the pores of the brick.
vii) Raking out joints:
Joints should rake out to a depth of 6mm at the time of laying. The face of the brick work shall be kept
clear of all mortar, the very day the brick is laid.

VII.50MM THICK PCC (1: 1.5:3) FOR DPC INCLUDING WATER PROOF COMPOUND.
• Specification for materials:
i.Cement: It shall be fresh Portland cement.
ii.Sand: Sand shall be clean, sharp and coarse of average 5mm size and shall be free from dust and dirt and
screened before use.
iii.Coarse aggregate: It shall be of clean, hard and dense stone clips 12mm down and shall be washed before
use.
• Mixings:
The measurement of coarse aggregate and sand shall be by volume with gauge boxes and cement by bag
having a wt. of 50kg or volume of 0.0374 cu.m. The mixing shall be done on a clean solid platform. Sand
and cement in the specified quantities at first shall be mixed dry till of uniform color and spread over the
stacked coarse aggregate, the materials shall then be turned over once without adding water and them at
least further 3 times, adding the requited quantity of water gradually and slowly to give a uniform concrete.
• Preparation of base:
 The top of the wall on which damp proof course is to be laid shall be constructed with bricks on edge or
with frogs of the bricks down. The top of the plinth bed over which DPC, is to be placed shall be
thoroughly cleaned with a steel brush, washed and wetted before laying the course of concrete.
• Laying:
DPC may be laid to the full width of the plinth or of the superstructure as specified in the drawing or
specially mentioned. It shall be laid to the specified thickness 2.5cm or 4cm over plinth wall flushing with
the floor surface and shall not be carried across the doorways or such other openings. DPC shall then be
tamped, leveled longitudinally and transversely.
• The joints or breaks shall be given at the door opening.
• Curing:
Damp proof course shall be kept wetted for at least 7 days after laying, if the brick work is not ready to
proceed further. But in any case no brickwork shall be commenced on the freshly laid damp proof course
unless DPC has been flooded with water for at least 48 hours.

VIII.SAL WOOD WORK FOR DOOR AND WINDOW FRAMES

i.Specification for Materials:

Sal wood to be used for the work must be extracted from the heart of a sound tree of mature growth, well
seasoned, uniform in substance, straight fiber and should be free from sap wood, flaws, shakes, warp, cup,
spring, twist bends, cracks, knots, decay, harmful fungi, insect attacks and any sort of spongy, brittle, flaky
or brushy condition etc. this will enable strength, durability, appearance or the usefulness for the required
purpose.

Color:
It should uniform and dark. Darker the color, more will be its strength and durability.

Moisture Content:
The maximum permissible moisture content for timber shall be 12 percent of dry weight of timber.

Sawing:
All scantling shall be sawn in straight lines, plains and of uniform thickness and of full measurement from
end to end and shall be sawn in the direction of the grain. Specified dimension lines and planes shall be
secured by leaving sufficient margin.

Holdfast:
The holdfast for the frames could be of mild steel. Its size, shape and required number shall be as per
drawing. Holdfasts shall be fixed with iron screws as specified. Any slight adjustment of spacing necessary
shall be done to have the holdfasts in joints of masonry courses.

ii.Specification for Workmanship:

 i.Workmanship:
All fixtures and fastenings must be of the best quality and workmanship. The sizes, shape, design finish
shall be as shown on drawings or as directed on sufficing references. All fixtures and fastenings shall be
of brass or oxidized brass or stedler aluminum (as specified in the item).

ii.Joints/Protection of work:
All fixtures shall be fixed to the joining in secure and sufficient manner. The joints must be true to line,
level, right angled, and smooth. Motice and tenor joints shall be used. Any of the fixtures damaged during
fixing shall be removed and new ones fixed in their place and the surface of joinery made good where
affected at the contractor’s expense.

iii.Method of construction:
The construction shall be carried out in conformity with IS 1003-1957. The material, construction,
workmanship and finished dimension of the components must be entirely as per clause 6 therein and as
shown on the drawings.

iii.Engineer’s approval:
All the fixtures and works shall be fixed as shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
Engineer’s approval is important for further proceedings.

iv.Erection:
Fixing of doors and windows shall be as per drawing. It should be true to line, level from plumb. The
frame should be erected in position and held plumb with strong supports from both sides and built in sold
in masonry as it is being built.

v.Preservation:
Contact surfaces of masonry, concrete, etc must be preserved by using some preservatives like coal tan
checks decay.

vi.Mode of Measurement:
It is measured in m3.

IX. Salwood Paneled door shutters:-

This specification covers the providing and fixing of paneled door shutters inclusive of knob type or
mortice lock.
xiv) Materials:
(a) Timber, plywood, laminated wood/decorative veneer shall be of approved quality make and design
and of desired dimensions as per ISI specification.
(b) All fixtures and fastenings shall be of heavy aluminum and shall be new, sound and strong.
(c) Design and finish shall be as shown on the drawings.
(d) Unless otherwise specified, each leaf shall be hung with three butt hinges.
(e) Door shall be furnished with brass flush bolts on mortice lock of approves quality.
(f) All the fixtures shall be fixed to joinery in a secure and efficient manner.
(g) Metal socket shall be provided to all bolts where the shoots enter brick, stone, concrete, etc.
(h) These shall be securely fixed flush with the surface into mortices and cemented.
(i) Mortice plates over holes shall be used where the shoots enter wood.

xv) Shutters:
(a) The finished thickness of the shutter shall be 40mm or as shown in the drawings.
(b) Sal wood or other approved wood leaping shall be provided for door shutters.

xvi) Finishing:
(a) Painting or polishing shall be done.
(b) Joints shall be filled with wood filler, plained prope and cleaned property.

xvii) Rate:
Rate shall include all labor, materials and equipment for:
(a) Supply of factory made shutters.
(b) Fixing, fitting and fastening of door in frame.
(c) Lock will be measured separately.

X. GLAZED WINDOW SHUTTERS:

a. Specification for Materials
Specified timber shall be used .It shall be well-seasoned, dry, free from sap, knots cracks or any other
defects.

b. Specification for workmanship.

c. Workmanship: The fixture works shall be of best quality and good workmanship.

d. Joinery works: Mortise and Tenon joints shall be used. The joints shall be true to line, leveled and at
right angles, it shall be smooth.

e. The contact surface of tenon and mortise joints shall be treated before putting together with bulk type
synthetic resin adhesive of a make approved by the Engineer in Charge.
 f. Shutters shall not be painted, oiled on otherwise treated, before there are fixed in position and passed
by Engineer- In charge.
For glazed shutters, mounting and glazing bars shall be two- tenoned to the maximum depth which the
size of the member would permit or to a depth of 25mm, whichever is less.

g. Fittings: Details of fittings is to be provided shall be as per the schedule of fittings supplied by the
Engineers- In charge. The cost of providing and fixing shutters shall include the cost of hinged and
necessary screws for fixing the same. All other fixings settings shall be enumerated and paid for
separately. The fittings shall conform to their respective IS specification.

XI.75MM THICK PCC (1:2:4) IN FLOOR

i.Scope:
This specification covers cement concrete floor nearly finished in general and ordinary or clor concrete
floor finish without cement concrete wearing coat and skirting without concrete wearing coat in particular.
ii.Materials:
Cement, sand, aggregates, water etc. as specified in plain cement concrete work.
iii.Mixing:
Cement concrete and cement sand shall be mixed as specified in PCC work and plastering work color
pigment with cement shall be mixed in an approved manner and proportion should be between 1:3 to 1:2.
iv.Preparing base:
The base where such flooring is to be laid shall be cleaned, brushed, and watered properly. In structural
slab or concrete surfaces the screw shall be removed by chisel and wire brush and clean properly.
v.Laying of concrete:
The concrete shall be laid uniformly all over without leaving a gap and shall be well compacted with the
help of vibrator.
vi.Formwork:
Formwork for concreting work shall be made in square or rectangular of suitable size but not exceeding
1.2x1.2m in any case. The surface shall be tested with a straight edge and mason’s sprit level. The
thickness of such film shall not be less than 3mm.
vii.Finishing:
After laying final coat and final cutting is over the surface shall be grinded with various grades of
carborandum stones to the smooth and plain surface. Steel and iron fleets shall not be used in colored
floors.
viii.Slopes:
Unless shown in the drawing, all slope if the floor shall be towards the outlet at the rate of 0.75 to 10%.
ix.Skirting:
 Skirting shall be finished as finishing coat of the floor unless otherwise specified. It shall include racking
and cleaning of base, watering applying plaster work and meat finish, the level, line and corners shall be
done carefully to get even plumb of uniform surface.
x.Rate:
The rate shall include the cost of laying wearing courses cost of form work, cost of cutting and protection
of the work and finishing of the laid surface including dividing into panes and polishing as required.

XII. PCC (1:1½: 3) M20 FOR RCC WORKS

SCOPE
This specification deals with materials required, preparation, workability, workmanship, laying, curing
and rates of the plain cement concrete for use as reinforced cement concrete by installing reinforcement
bars.

MATERIAL

Aggregate shall be of invert materials and should be clean, dense, hard, sound, durable, non-absorbent
and capable of developing good bond with mortar.

Coarse aggregate shall be of hard broken stone of granite or similar stone, free from dust, dirt and other
foreign matters. The stone ballast shall be of 20mm size and smaller. All the coarse material should be
retained in a 5mm square mesh and should be well graded such that the voids do not exceed 42%.

Fine aggregate shall be of coarse sand consisting of hard, sharp and angular grains and shall pass
through a screen of 5mm square mesh. Sand shall be of standard specifications, clean and free from dust,
dirt and organic matter. Sea sand shall not be used.

Cement shall be fresh Portland cement of standard ISI specifications and shall have therequired tensile
and compressive stresses and fineness.

Water shall be clean and free from alkaline and acid matters and suitable for drinking purposes.

PROPORTION
The proportion for the mixture shall be 1:1½:3 (cement: sand: stone ballast) by volume when not
specified.
MIXING OF CONCRETE

• Mixing of concrete shall be done either by hand mixing or by mechanical mixer. In case of hand
mixing, first cement and sand are mixed dry thoroughly and the dry mix of cement and sand
mixed with ballast dry till stone ballast are well coated with dry mix of cement and sand and then
mixed by adding water slowly and gradually to the required quantity and then mixed thoroughly
 to have uniform plastic mix. The quantity of water shall not exceed 3o litres per bag of cement.
Concrete for one panel only shall be mixed in one lot.
• In case of using mechanical mixer, the water shall not be poured into the drum of the mixer until
all the cement and aggregates constituting the batch are already in the drum and mixed for at
least one minute.
• Mixing of each batch shall be continued until there is a uniformity in colour and consistency but
mixing shall be done for less than two minutes and at least forty revolutions after all the
materials and water are in drum.
• When absorbent aggregates are used or when the mix is very dry, the mixing time shall be
extended as may be directed by the engineer. Mixer shall not be loaded above their rated
capacity as this prevents thorough mixing.
• The entire contents of the drum shall be discharged before the ingredients for the next batch are
fed into the drum. No partly set or remixed or excessively wet concrete shall be used and it shall
be immediately removed from site.
• Each time the work stops, the mixer shall be thoroughly cleaned and when the next mixing starts,
the first mix shall have 10% additional cement at no extra cost to the employer to allow for loss
in the drum.

CONVEYING

Concrete shall be handled and conveyed from the place of mixing to the place of final deposit as rapidly
as practicable by approved means before the initial setting of the cement starts. Concrete shall be
conveyed in such a way as will prevent segregation or loss of any of the ingredients. If segregation does
occur during transport, the concrete shall be remixed. During very hot or cold weather, it shall be
conveyed in deep containers, which will reduce the rate of loss of water by evaporation and loss of heat.
Conveying equipment for concrete shall be well maintained and thoroughly cleaned before
commencement of concrete mixing. Such equipment shall be kept free from set concrete.

LAYING

• Reinforcement shall be placed prior to the pouring of concrete; placement and cleanliness shall
be checked.
• The forms shall be well wetted and all shavings, dirt and water collected at the bottom shall be
removed before concrete is placed.
• Concrete shall be laid gently (not thrown) in layers not exceeding 15cm and compacted by
pinning with rods and tamping with wooden tampers or with mechanical vibrating machine until
a dense concrete is obtained.
• The surface shall then be smoothened with wooden floats and any unevenness shall be removed
by adding 1:2 cement sand mortar.
• The whole operation of laying shall be completed within 30 minutes.
 • Formwork shall be removed only when the concrete has fully set.
• A general cover of min. 25mm shall be provided to the reinforcements.

CURING

After about two hours of laying of concrete, when the concrete has begun to harden, it shall be kept
damp by covering with wet gunny bags or wet sand for 24 hours.

MODE OF MEASUREMENT

The mode of measurement shall be in m3.

RATES

The rates for items shall include cost of all materials consumed in the work at all levels, hire charges of
materials, tools and plant, cost of labour, insurance, all transport, services, accommodation, supervision,
storage, protection etc.

XIII.STEEL REINFORCEMENT FOR RCC WORKS

1. Materials:
i) Cement: The cement should conform to I.S.269-1976. Ordinary Portland cement shall be used unless
otherwise stated. The weight of O.P.C. should be 1440 kg/m3 and rapid hardening Portland cement should
be 1210kg/m3. The minimum compressive strength of O.P.C. should be 175kg/cm2 after 7 days and
minimum tensile strength after 7 days should be 25kg/cm2. The initial setting time should not be less than
30 min. and final should not less than 10 hrs.

Storage: The storage of cement shall be done on the raised platforms 15 cm above the floor level and 30
cm away from the walls under the leak proof roof in a weather proof building to prevent its deterioration.
Maximum of 15 bags shall be stacked vertically in one pile to prevent lumping of cement under pressure
and the maximum height shall not exceed 3m. The stored cement shall be used in chronological order of
receipt and if cement has been stored more than 60 days, it should be subjected to test as indicated in
I.S.269-1976 and used only if found satisfactory. Different kinds of cements or of same kind but
manufactured in different factory shall be grouped differently.

ii) Water: The water so used in construction materials shall be devoid of all the harmful materials and
salts. It shall be clean and potable. Only the water sources recommended by Engineers should be used.

iii) Fine aggregate: Sand: Sand shall be clean strong, hard, and durable and shall consist of sharp, angular
grains and be of standard specification. It should be free from dust, dirt, and organic matter and total
amount of deleterious matter shall not in any circumstance exceed 5 % by weight. Sand shall be obtained
from pit or river and shall conform to IS 383-1952.

iv) Coarse aggregate: It shall be according to I.S.383-1970 and I.S.515-1959. It shall comprise of gravel
or stone, crushed or uncrushed. It shall be hard, strong, dense, durable, clean and free from any kind of
adherent coating. Flaky and elongated pieces shall be avoided and only such aggregate shall be used which
are as cubical as possible. It shall be devoid of any harmful materials as coal, mica, laminated materials,
clay, alkali, soft fragments, sea-shells, organic impurities etc. in quantity enough to affect the strength or
durability of concrete or reinforcement. The crushing value of aggregate shall not exceed 45 percent for
wearing surfaces and 30 percent for concrete for wearing surfaces. . The coarse aggregate shall be of
following sizes;
a) Normal cement concrete of 100 mm and above thickness is graded 20mm and below
b) Cement concrete topping thickness 40mm and above is graded as 12mm and below.
c) Mass cement concrete of 500mm and above is graded as 38mm and below.
The absorption of water after 24 hours immersion in water shall not be more than 5% by weight.
It shall be stacked in regular stacks in other to prevent the admixture of vegetable and other foreign
matters.

v) Steel: Reinforcing steel shall be clean and free from dust, loose mill scales, loose rust andcoats of paints,
oil grease or other coatings, which may impair or reduce bond. It shall conform to the following IS
specifications.
I. Mild steel Tor steel and medium tensile steel bars and hard drawn steel wire conforming
to IS-432, IS-456, latest revision.
II. Deformed bars conforming to IS: 1139-latest revision.
III. Cold twisted steel bars ribbed Tor steel conforming to IS: 1786-latest revision.
IV. Hard-drawn steel section conforming to IS-226 latest revision.
All steel reinforcement above 6mm diameter shall necessarily be of tested quality.

2. Combination of materials:
i) Proportioning: Cement concrete shall be 1:2:4 as cement::sand:stone proportions by volume for slabs,
beams and lintels and 1:1.5:3 proportion for columns unless otherwise stated. Minimum compressive
strength of concrete of 1:2:4 proportions shall be 140 kg per sq cm on seven days.
ii) Mixing: Mixing shall be done in a mixer of appropriate pattern or on a clean water tight platform with
water added to obtain required consistency of a stiff paste.
Machine mixing: It shall be used if the volume of water to be mixed is more than 1 m3. The drum shall be
rotate for at least a period of 2 minutes. : Stone ballast sand and cement shall be put into the cement
concrete mixer to have the required proportion. For concrete of 1:2:4, first four boxes of stone ballast,
then 2 boxes of sand and then one bag of cement shall be put in the Cement Concrete Mixer, the machine
shall be then revolved to mix the materials dry then water shall be added slowly to the required quantity,
25 to 30 litres per bag of cement to have the desired water cement ration. The mixing should be thorough
to have a plastic mix of uniform colour.
Hand mixing: It shall be use d if the volume of water to be mixed is less than 1m3. It shall be carried out
on a clean and water tight masonry platform of such a size which will allow efficient turning of the mix.
Care should be taken that no foreign matter is introduced into the mixture and no water flows out. The
materials shall be mixed dry to obtain a uniform colour mix and followed by addition of water slowly and
gradually to have a workable consistency and mixed thoroughly by turning at least three times. Water
shall be added by a rose. For concrete of 1:2:4 proportion, first 2 boxes of sand and one bag of cement
shall be mixed dry thoroughly and then this dry mix of cement and sand shall be placed over a stack of 4
box of stone aggregate and the whole mix is turned at least three times to have a uniform mix. Water shall
be then added slowly and gradually with water can up to required quantity of 25 to 30 litres per bag of
cement to give a plastic mix of the required workability and water cement ratio.
3. Preliminary works:
Cleaning: All the reinforcing bars shall not contain any kind of harmful matters. It shall be free from loose
rust, oil grease, paint etc. Before laying the concrete, the shuttering shall be clear, free from dust, dirt and
other foreign materials.
Bending: Reinforcing steel bars shall be bent in accordance with the procedure specified in IS 2502 or as
directed by the Engineers. Bends and shapes shall comply strictly with the dimensions in the approved bar
bending schedule. Contractor is responsible for its correctness.Bars which is correctly bent shall be used
Reinforcing bars shall not be bent when in position in the work without consent of engineer. Re-bending
shall be done if approved by the engineer. Bars shall be bent by means of machine or any approved means
and shall be cold bent unless otherwise stated.

4. Laying: All the reinforcing bars shall be placed in position as shown in drawings. Bars at the cross
points shall be bound together by No. 20 BG annealed soft iron wire or by tack welding as directed by
Engineer.
Mild steel spacer bars are placed in the vertical distance between two successive layers of bars. The bars
shall be so spaced that main bars do not sag between adjacent spaces.
 Under suitable conditions and with suitable safe in accordance with relevant IS. Weldingmay be done
by gas or electricity.
The concrete shall be deposited (not dropped) in its final position. In case of columns and walls,it is
desirable to place the concrete in full height if practicable so as to avoid construction joints but the progress
of concreting in its vertical direction shall be restricted to one meter per hour. Care should be taken that
the time between mixing and placing and placing of concrete shall not exceed 20 minutes so that the time
setting process is not interfered with.
Concrete shall be laid continuously, if laying is suspended for the rest of the following day, the end shall
be sloped at an angle of 30 deg. and made rough for further jointing. When the work is resumed, the
previous sloped position shall be roughed and cleaned and watered and a coat of neat cement shall be
applied and then the fresh concrete shall be laid. For successive layers, the upper layer shall be laid before
lower has set.
Concrete shall be compacted by mechanical vibrating machine until a dense concrete is obtained. The
vibration shall continue during the entire period of placing the concrete. Compaction shall be completed
before the initial setting starts i.e. within 30 minutes of addition of water to the dry mixture. Over vibration
should be avoided. After removal of formwork in due time, the concrete surface shall be free form honey
combing, air holes or any other defect.
The placing of reinforcing shall be completed before concrete pouring. Engineer shall check the
reinforcement for accurate placement of bars cleanliness and necessary corrections prior to pouring the
cement. Concrete blocks shall be made of mortar of mix one part cement to two parts sand by volume. Its
size and locations shall be approved by the Engineer. If the bars of different diameter overlap with each
other, the smaller will guide the lap length.
Reinforcement coming out from the work shall not be bent out of its correct position for any reason unless
they are protected from the deformation or other damage. The projected reinforcement bars which are
intended for the future expansion shall be thoroughly coated with cement grout wash, encased in concrete
or otherwise protected from corrosion as approved by Engineer.

5. Cover to reinforcement:
Unless otherwise stated, the following clear cover to the main reinforcement shall be applied:
Columns - 25 mm or size of the main bar whichever is greater
Beam- 25 mm or size of the main bar whichever is greater
Slab- 15 mm or size of the main bar whichever is greater

5. Protection and curing: Freshly laid concrete should be protected from rain by suitable covering. After
the concrete has begun to harden, i.e. about 1 to 2 hours after laying, it shall be protected with moist gunny
bags or any other materials approved by engineer. After 24 hrs of laying the concrete, the surface shall be
cured by flooding with water of about 25mm depth or by covering with wet absorbent materials. The
curing shall be done for minimum period of 14 days.
 6. Measurement and payment: The net reinforcement shall be work out in term of weight as per the bar
bending schedule approved by the engineer, taking theoretical unit weight for various size of the bars.
Rate shall include materials, labour and all other incidental works encountered.

XIV. FORMWORK FOR RCC WORKS:

It covers centering and shuttering works for RCC works of any size, shape, etc at only level including
strutting, propping and removal thereof.

i.Material:
a. Formwork shall be composed of steel and /or best quality shuttering wood or shuttering plywood.
b. Timber shall be free from knots and shall be of medium grain as far as possible.
c. Plywood or equivalent shall be used where specified to obtain smooth surface for exposed concrete
work.
d. Hardwoods shall be used as caps and wedges under or over posts.

ii. Shop Drawing:

a. The contractor shall prepare design and drawing for formwork and centering before commencement of
actual work and get them approved by the Engineer.
b. The formwork and centering shall confirm to the shape, lines and dimensions as shown on the drawing.

iii. Construction:
a. The centering shall be true and rigid and thoroughly braced both horizontally and diagonally.
b. The forms shall be sufficiently strong to carry without undue deformation, the dead weight of the
concrete as a liquid and working load.
c. The formwork shall be strong enough to withstand the effects of vibration.
d. The formwork shall ensure a smooth uniform surface of the concrete, free from honeycombs, air bubble
fines and other defects.
e. For exposed interior and exterior concrete surface or beams, columns and walls, the formwork should
be thoroughly cleated and tied together.
f. All floor and beam centering shall be crowned not less than 6mm in all directions for every 5m span.
g. Temporary openings for cleaning, inspection and pouring concrete shall be provided at the base of
vertical forms and at other places as directed by the Engineer and such that they can be conveniently
concreted.

iv. Cleaning and Treatment of forms:

a. All rubbish loose concrete chips, saw dust, etc should be removed from the interior of the forms before
the concrete is poured.
b. The form surface in contact with concrete shall be treated with approved non-staining composites such
as approved brand form oil.
c. The forms for slabs and the sides of the beams, columns and walls shall be removed first, leaving the
shuttering to the soffits of beams and their support in position.
d. Wedges, spacer bolts, clamps shall be removed gradually without jamming the concrete.

v. Classification:
a. Ordinary exterior grade plywood of good quality shall be used for formwork.
b. Approved brand of heavy quality plywood shall be used where a specially good finish with a perfect
level is required.
c. Ornament shall be used where carved surfaces are required.

vi. Rate:
Rate shall include for all the necessary material and labor to execute the formwork.

XV.12 mm Cement Sand Plaster (1:3) in ceiling, etc.

A. Specification for Materials:

i.Cement:
Cement shall confirm to Is 269-1965. Ordinary Portland cement shall be used when no type is
specified. The other details are as explained for PC (1:1½: 3) for RCC works previously.

Tests:
Tests for cement are carried out as indicators in IS 269-1958.

Storage:
Cement must be fresh and stored on planks raised 15 to 20cm away from the walls. Not more
than 15 bags shall be stacked vertically in one pile and maximum width of the pile should not be
more than 3 meters.

ii.Sand:
Sand shall confirm to IS 383-1965. It shall be river sand or pit sand. It shall be free from mica.
Clay, silt content must not be greater than 5%. If so, sand shall be washed before use. Sand shall
be well graded.

iii.Water:
It shall be used for mixing concrete and curing the work. Portable water must be used.

B. Combination Materials:
i) Proportion:
The proportion cement and sand shall be __ part cement and __part sand.
ii) Batching:
 The measurement of cement and sand shall be by weight.

iii) Mixing:
a.Hand Mixing:
Hand mixing is to be carried out in a volume less than 1 m3 at a time.

b.Machine mixing:
Cement and sand are to be mixed in mechanical pattern.

C.
i) Scaffolding:
Double scaffolding shall be done for cement plaster.

ii) Racking out joints:

A recess of 12mm is given to mortar from the edge of the brick wall.

iii) Smooth surfaces:

Chiseling is carried out.

iv) Cleaning the surfaces:

Dust, rust, etc shall be cleaned.

v) Wetting the surfaces:

The surfaces shall be wetted every 6 hours before plaster.

D.
i) Gauges:
Markings shall be made.

ii) Laying Plaster:

Level and plumb shall be tolerable.

E. Tests:
Plumb test shall be carried out from a height 3m. the error of ‘+’ or ‘-‘ 1mm shall be tolerable.

F. Clearing on competition:

i) Protection:
It shall be protected from rain, heat and col. Hence, precautions must be taken.
 ii) Curing:
It shall be done for at least 14 days.

G. Mode of Measurement:
It is measured in m3.

XVI.20mm THICK CEMENT SAND PLASTER IN (1:4) IN WALL, FLOOR, ETC.

SCOPE
The work covered under these specifications consists of supplying all materials and rendering all types
of plaster/pointing finishes strictly in accordance with these specifications, applicable drawings etc. For
all finishing works mentioned above, only blended cement shall be used.

MATERIAL

• Blended cement, sand and water required for the work shall be in the ratio of 1:4 of cement:
sand.
• The types of cement, sand and water to be used shall conform to “Standard Construction
Materials”.
GENERAL

• The plastering works shall generally conform to I.S. 1661 (Pt. III) (Code of practice for cement
and cement plaster finish on walls and ceilings).
• All general precautions as specified in I.S. 1661 (Pt. III) clause-8 shall be taken and preparation
of the back ground shall be done as laid down in I.S. 1661 clause 12 and I.S. 2402 shall be
generally followed for rough cast and sand faced plaster work. Scaffolding required for facility
of working shall be provided by the contractor at his own cost.
• This may be double or single according to the requirement and shall be approved by the
Engineer-in-Charge. Stage scaffolding shall be erected when ceiling plastering is done.
• The contractor shall be responsible for accidents, if any, take place. The contractor shall
cooperate with the other agencies also.
• All finishing in and around these boxes and around the conduit boxes in ceiling shall be done by
plastering by the contractor without any extra cost to the Department.
• The decision of the Engineer-in-Charge in this regard shall be final and binding on the
contractor.

PREPARATION OF SURFACE

• The surface to be plastered shall first be thoroughly cleaned of all muck and cleaned down.
• All joints shall be raked out in case of brick work / stone masonry and closely hacked in case of
concrete, under the relevant masonry / concrete items.
 • The surface to be plastered shall be well wetted for a minimum period of 6 hours before
commencing the work.
• The mortar for all plaster work shall be blended cement mortar of mix as specified in the
schedule of quantities.
• Before commencement of plastering operation, the contractor shall ensure that all the service
pipes, electrical conduits, boxes, switch boxes etc. have been installed in position by other
agencies and the plastering surface is duly approved by the Engineer-in-Charge.
• The entire work of preparation of surface before plastering shall thus be co-ordinated by the
main civil contractor with all other agencies working at site.

SCAFFOLDING

• Wooden ballies, planks, trestles, GI pipes, plyboard and other scaffolding material shall be sound
and erected in accordance with the specifications given.
• After erection of scaffolding and before commencement of plastering work, top most
junctions/joints/sides with beam/column shall be thoroughly packed with blended cement mortar
to prevent cracks.

OPERATIONS

• Cement and fine aggregates shall be mixed dry in the required proportions to obtain a uniform
colour. Water shall then be added to get the required consistency for the plaster.
• Mixing shall be done mechanically. However, manual mixing will be allowed only in
exceptional circumstances at the discretion of the Engineer-in-Charge. Manual mixing, where
adopted, shall be carried out on a clean water tight platform. After water is added during mixing,
the mix shall be held back and forth for 10 to 15 minutes. In machine mixing, the mixer shall run
at least five minutes after placing all the ingredients in the drum. Only so much quantity of
mortar which can be used within half an hour after the addition of water shall be prepared at a
time. Any mortar for plaster which is set or partially set shall be rejected & shall be removed
forthwith from the site.
• The concrete on the ceiling slab shall be cleaned thoroughly.
• The proportions of sand and cement shall be as specified and shall cover all irregularities,
undulations, depressions due to chasing etc. in the surface to be plastered.
• The mortar shall be applied slightly more than 20 mm. thick and pressed and levelled with
wooden ruler or straight edge to finished thickness of 20 mm. Straight edges shall be freely used
to ensure a perfectly even surface.
• The finished surface shall be true and even and present uniform texture throughout and all
joining marks shall be eliminated.
 • All corners, edges and angles shall be made perfectly to line, plane and plumb. All exposed
angles and junctions of walls, doors, windows, beams, slabs etc. shall be carefully finished so as
to furnish a neat and even surface.
• Plastering items amongst all other things as described in various items also include:
i) Preparation of surfaces to receive the plaster, providing cement plaster of the specified
average thickness and proportions with specified number of coats.
ii) All labour, materials, scaffolding, use of tools and equipment to complete the plastering
work as per specifications.
iii) Curing for 10 days.
iv) Cleaning the surface of doors, windows, floors or any other surfaces where plastering
might have splashed.
v) Finishing the portion of plaster left above the terrazzo, plain cement tiles, ironite or any
type of skirting work to be finished rounded or as directed by the Engineer-in-Charge, in
a separate operation after laying of floor tiles skirting.

FINISHING

When specified, the plastered surface shall be finished with lime, ‘terraco’ or plaster of paris.

CURING

The plastered surface shall be cured for at least two days. After finishing, it shall be kept wet for 7 days.

MODE OF MEASUREMENT

It shall be measured in m2.

RATE

The rate shall comply with the necessary labour, materials and equipment required for the completion of
the work.

XVII. SHISAN WOOD HANDRAILING

permissible gradient of in grain. It shall be uniform in substance, straight in fibre, free from large, loose,
dead or cluster knots, flaws, shakes, warp, cup, spring, twist bends of defects of any kind. It should be
free from spongy, brittle, flaky or brushy condition. The timber shall be either seasoned in a seasoning
plant or naturally sun dried in a shed for a period of 2 years. The timber shall be free from decay, fungal
growth, pitch pockets, streaks on the exposed edges, borer holes, splits and cracks.
 Colour: The colour shall be uniform as far as possible, the darkness of colour among coloured species of
timber generally being a sign o strength and durability.

Moisture content: The maximum permissible moisture content for timber shall be 12 per cent of dry
weight of timber. (IS 287)

Sawing and Planing: All scantlings shall be sawn in lines corresponding to the slope of the staircase in
the direction of grain. The members shall be planed as per the design of the handrail.

Rejection: Timber for the work shall not be brought until seen and approved by the engineer, who may
reject defective timber which shall be immediately remove from the site of work. Any effort like
plugging, painting, using adhesives or resinous materials to hide defects shall render the pieces
rejectable by the engineer. Timber prepared for inspection shall be clean and free from dust and paint or
other material which may conceal the defects.

XIX.MARBLE FLOORING IN CEMENT MORTAR(1:3)

i.Scope

This specification covers marble flooring in situ having uniform in color free from stains, cracks, decay
and weathering and providing the necessary skirting edging of the same material.

ii.Methods

Marble stone flooring consists of 20 mm to 25 mm thick marble slabs laid over 20 mm thick base
of cement coarse sand mortar of 1:3 and jointed with white cement slurry mixed with pigment to match
the shade of stone. The marble stones/slabs used in flooring or dado are cut according to the size and
shapes given in drawing or to suit site dimension of the room and desired pattern. All angles and edges of
marble slabs are true and square and are free from chipping. The surface is true and plain.

iii.Raw Material for Marble Flooring

• Marble Stone
• Coarse Sand
• Ordinary Cement
• White Cement
• Pigment
• Polishing Material

iv.Raw Material in Base Coat and Upper Layer

• Sand
 • Brick Blast
• Cement

v. Installation of Marble Stone Flooring

• Preparation of sub base: Base coat consisting of cement concrete 1:8:16, 1:5:10 or 1:4:8 should be laid
on compacted earth under marble stone flooring.
• Laying out of marble stone slabs
• The base concrete or RCC slab on which marble stone slabs are laid should be thoroughly cleaned.
• The average thickness of bedding mortar under marble stone slab should be 20 mm thick and the ratio
of cement mortar should be 1:3
• The sand used in mortar should be coarse sand.
• The thickness of bedding should not be less than 12 mm in any place
• The top surface of mortar (bedding) should be leveled correctly by adding fresh mortar at hollows if
any.
• The mortar is allowed to harden and cement slurry shall be spread at the rate of 4.4 kg per sq. meter.
• Marble stone slab to be paved should then be lowered gently back in position and tapped with wooded
mallet till it is properly bedded and leveled with adjoining slab.
• Care should be taken to match the grains of slabs.
• All stone slabs should be laid in same manner.
• After lying of each slab surplus cement on the surface of slabs should be cleaned.
• The surface of flooring as laid should be true to slopes.
• The edges of slabs already paved are filled with white cement with or without admixture to match the
shade of the stone slabs

vi. Curing Of Marble Stone Flooring

The Marble stone floor should be cured for a minimum period of seven days.

vii. Polishing and Finishing

• The grinding may be done either by hand or by machine.

• Manual grinding should be done after two days of laying of marble flooring
• Machine grinding should commence 3-4 days after laying marble stone flooring

viii. First Grinding

• The grinding should be done by machine with grit No. 60.

• The water should be used profusely during grinding.
• After grinding the surface should thoroughly be washed to remove all grinding mud.
• A grout of cement and pigment in the same mix and proportion apply to the surface.
• It should be allowed to dry and then cured for four days.
ix. Second Grinding

The second grinding is done with machine fitted with fine grit blocks No120. The surface is again
washed cleanly and is repaired if required.

XIX. 3MM THICK CEMENT SAND PUNNING (1:1) IN FLOOR

SCOPE
This specification defines the requirements regarding material, workmanship, finishes and application of
cement sand punning on floor.
MATERIAL

• Blended cement, sand and water required for the work shall be in the ratio of 1:1 of cement:
sand.
• The types of cement, sand and water to be used shall conform to “Standard Construction
Materials”.

PREPARATION OF MIX
A mixture of cement and sand in the ratio of 1:1 shall be used.
APPLICATION
• When the plaster has been brought to a true surface with the wooden straight edge it shall be
uniformly treated over its entire area with a paste of neat cement and rubbed smooth, so that the
whole surface is covered with neat cement coating.
• Smooth finishing shall be completed with trowel immediately and in no case later than half an
hour of adding water to the plaster mix.
MEASUREMENTS
• The measurements for cement punning shall be taken over the finished work. The length and
breadth shall be measured correct to a cm.
• The area shall be calculated in sqm correct to two places of decimal.
• Punning over Plaster on bands, skirting, coping, cornices, drip courses, string courses etc. shall
not be measured separately but only as wall surfaces.
• In these cases the measurements shall be taken girthed over the above features.
• Punning over plaster on circular work also, of any radius shall be measured only as wall surfaces,
and not separately.
• Cement punning in patch repairs irrespective of the size of the patch shall be measured as new
work, and in this case the rate shall include for cutting the patch to rectangular shape before lime
punning.
RATE
 The rate shall include the cost of all labour and materials involved in all the operations described above.

FABRICATION
• The fabrication of wooden hand rail shall follow the standard specification for wood work.
• The wooden handrail shall be in single piece per flight panel, moulded, shaped and finished to
required dimensions as shown in drawing and as directed by the Engineer-in-charge.
• The hand railing shall be secured perfectly to line, slope and level to M.S. flat runners, balusters,
newels and posts.
• M.S. grill, balusters, M.S. flat frame work fabricated as per the drawing and shall be strictly
according to the specifications specified in manufacturing of M.S. grills and structural steel
work.
• M.S. balusters, newels, M.S. flat frame work and posts as the case may be, shall be fabricated in
a workman like manner.

ERECTION

• The hand railing shall follow the inclination of stair in case of stair-case and shall be perfectly in
line, level and plumb for all other railings.
• Railing shall be joined in lengths with plain butt joints, dowelled and held together by hand rails,
bolts, clamps and M.S. frame work.

MODE OF MEASUREMENT

• Hand railing shall be measured for payment in running meters.

• The length shall be measured along the top centre line of the hand rail and shall be measured
between ends of balusters, newels posts as the case may be upto two places of a decimal.

RATE

Rate is to include fabrication, leaving suitable pockets, grouting the same, fixing, all labour,
materials, transporting, painting, polishing, finishing, scaffolding if necessary and as described in
the schedule of quantities.

XX. TWO COATS WATER PROOF CEMENT PAINT OVER ONE COAT PRIMER:
The paint is made of white Portland cement and is supplied in powered form and only requires the
addition of water in one stage.

i. Material: This is made with a base of white Portland cement. In powder form, it is available in various
colors. The water proof cement paint shall be of approved and manufactured as mentioned.
ii. Preparation of surface: For new work, the surface shall be thoroughly cleared of all mortar
droppings, dust, dirt and other foreign matter by use of stiff wire brushing and washing. The
surface shall be thoroughly wetted with clean water and water shall be allowed to sum off before
the waterproof coating is applied. In case of old work, all loose pieces and seals shall be removed
and the surface shall be thoroughly cleared of all dust, dirt, algae, grease etc. by stiff wire
brushing and washing.
• Mixing: the paint shall be mixed with such quantities as can be used up within a hr. of its mixing.
Water proof cement paint shall be as per manufacturer’s instructions.
• Application: the mixture shall be applied on the clean and wetted surface with good quality broad
brush or spraying machine. The mixture shall be well stirred during the period of application.
For hand brushing, horizontal strokes shall be given first and vertical strokes shall be applied
immediate on cost. The surface shall be finished as uniformly as possible bearing no brush marks.
Subsequent coats shall be applied after the previous coat has set for at least 24 hrs. Before
application of the second cost, the surface of the previous cost shall be well wetted.
• Curing: At the end of the day’s work, each coat shall be wetted with fine water. Any painted
surface shall be wetted after an interval of at least 6 to 8 hrs of application of paint.

XXI.TWO COATS WASHABLE DISTEMPER OVER ONE COAT PRIMER

SCOPE
This specification defines the requirements regarding material, workmanship, finishes and
application of washable distemper.
MATERIALS
• Oil emulsion (Oil Bound) washable distemper (IS 428) of approved brand and
manufacture shall be used.
• The primers where used as on new work shall be cement primer or distemper primer as
described in the item.
• These shall be of the same manufacture as distemper.
• The distemper shall be diluted with water or any other prescribed thinner in a manner
recommended by the manufacturer.
• Only sufficient quantity of distemper required for day’s work shall be prepared.
• The distemper and primer shall be brought by the contractor in sealed tins in sufficient
quantities at a time to suffice for a fortnight’s work, and the same shall be kept in the
joint custody of the contractor and the Engineer-in-Charge.
• The empty tins shall not be removed from the site of work, till this item of work has been
completed and passed by the Engineer-in-Charge.
PREPARATION OF THE SURFACE
• For new work the surface shall be thoroughly cleaned of dust, old white or colour wash
by washing and scrubbing. The surface shall then be allowed to dry for at least 48 hours.
It shall then be sand papered to give a smooth and even surface. Any unevenness shall be
 made good by applying putty, made of plaster of paris mixed with water on the entire
surface including filling up the undulations and then sand papering the same after it is
dry.
• In the case of old work, all loose pieces and scales shall be removed by sand papering.
The surface shall be cleaned of all grease, dirt etc. Pitting in plaster shall be made good
with plaster of paris mixed with the colour to be used. The surface shall then be rubbed
down again with a fine grade sand paper and made smooth. A coat of the distemper shall
be applied over the patches. The patched surface shall be allowed to dry thoroughly
before the regular coat of distemper is applied.
COATING
Primer Coat:
• The priming coat shall be with distemper primer or cement primer, as required in the
description of the item. If the wall surface plaster has not dried completely, cement
primer shall be applied before distempering the walls.
• But if distempering is done after the wall surface is dried completely, distemper primer
shall be applied.
• Oil bound distemper is not recommended to be applied, within six months of the
completion of wall plaster.
• However, newly plastered surfaces if required to be distempered before a period of six
months shall be given a coat of alkali resistant priming Paint conforming to IS 109 and
allowed to dry for at least 48 hours before distempering is commenced.
• For old work no primer coat is necessary.
Distemper Coat:
• For new work, after the primer coat has dried for at least 48 hours, the surface shall be
lightly sand papered to make it smooth for receiving the distemper, taking care not to rub
out the priming coat.
• All loose particles shall be dusted off after rubbing.
• One coat of distemper properly diluted with thinner (water or other liquid as stipulated by
the manufacturer) shall be applied with brushes in horizontal strokes followed
immediately by vertical ones which together constitute one coat.
• The subsequent coats shall be applied in the same way.
• Two or more coats of distemper as are found necessary shall be applied over the primer
coat to obtain an even shade.
• A time interval of at least 24 hours shall be allowed between successive coats to permit
proper drying of the preceding coat.
• For old work the distemper shall be applied over the prepared surface in the same manner
as in new work. One or more coats of distemper as are found necessary shall be applied
to obtain an even and uniform shade. 15 cm double bristled distemper brushes shall be
used.
 • After each day’s work, brushes shall be thoroughly washed in hot water with soap
solution and hung down to dry.
• Old brushes which are dirty and caked with distemper shall not be used on the work.
MODE OF MEASUREMENT
The measurement shall be done in m2.
RATE
The rate shall comply with the equipment, materials and labour necessary for the completion of
the work.

XXII.TWO COATS OF READY MADE ENAMEL OVER ONE COAT PRIMER

i. Scope

This specification defines the requirements regarding material, workmanship, finishes and
application of enamel paints.

ii. Specifications

Synthetic Enamel Paint (conforming to IS 2933) of approved brand and manufacture and of the
required color shall be used for the top coat and an undercoat of ordinary Paint of shade to match
the top coat as recommended by the same manufacturer as far the top coat shall be used.

iii. Painting on New Surface

Preparation of surface shall be as specified above.

iv. Application

The number of coats including the undercoat shall be as stipulated in the item.

v. Under Coat: One coat of the specified ordinary Paint of shade suited to the shade of the top coat
shall be applied and allowed to dry overnight. It shall be rubbed next day with the finest grade
of wet abrasive paper to ensure a smooth and even surface, free from brush marks and all loose
particles dusted off.

vi. Top Coat: Top coats of synthetic enamel Paint of desired shade shall be applied after the
undercoat is thoroughly dry. Additional finishing coats shall be applied if found necessary to
ensure properly uniform glossy surface.

vii. Preparation of Surface

Where the existing Paint is firm and sound it shall be cleaned of grease, smoke etc. and rubbed
with sand paper to remove all loose particles dusted off. All patches and cracks shall then be
treated with stopping and filler prepared with the specified Paint. The surface shall again be
 rubbed and made smooth and uniform. If the old paint is blistered and flaked it will be necessary
to completely remove the same as described in para 13.41. Such removal shall be paid for
separately and the painting shall be treated as on new surface.

viii. Finishing

The number of coats as stipulated in the item shall be applied with synthetic enamel Paint. Each
coat shall be allowed to dry and rubbed down smooth with very fine wet abrasive paper, to get
an even glossy surface. If however, the surface is not satisfactory additional coats as required
shall be applied to get correct finish.

XXIII.THREE COATS FRENCH POLISHING IN DOOR SHUTTERS

SCOPE

This specification defines the requirements regarding material, workmanship, finishes and
application of French polishing on door shutters.
MATERIAL

• Pure shellac conforming to IS 16 varying from pale orange to lemon yellow colour, free
from resin or dirt shall be dissolved in methylated spirit at the rate of 140 gm of shellac to
1 litre of spirit.
• Suitable pigment shall be added to get the required shade. Readymade polish conforming
to IS 348 can also be used.
POLISHING NEW SURFACE

PREPARATION OF SURFACE

• The surface shall be cleaned.

• All unevenness shall be rubbed down smooth with sand paper and well dusted. Knots if
visible shall be covered with a preparation of red lead and glue size laid on while hot.
• Holes and indentations on the surface shall be stopped with glazier’s putty. The surface
shall then be given a coat of wood filler made by mixing whiting (ground chalk) in
methylated spirit at the rate of 1.5 Kg of whiting per litre of spirit.
• The surface shall again be rubbed down perfectly smooth with glass paper and wiped
clean.

APPLICATION
 • The number of coats of polish to be applied shall be as described in the item.
• A pad of woollen cloth covered by a fine cloth shall be used to apply the polish.
• The pad shall be moistened with the polish and rubbed hard on the wood, in a series of
overlapping circles applying the mixture sparingly but uniformly over the entire area to
give an even level surface.
• A trace of linseed oil on the face of the pad facilitates this operation. The surface shall be
allowed to dry and the remaining coats applied in the same way.
• To finish off, the pad shall be covered with a fresh piece of clean fine cotton cloth
slightly damped with methylated spirit and rubbed lightly and quickly with circular
motions.
• The finished surface shall have a uniform texture and high gloss.

POLISHING OLD SURFACE

PREPARATION OF SURFACE

• If the old polished surface is not much soiled it shall be cleaned of grease and dirt by
rubbing with turpentine and then rubbed with fine sand paper.
• If the old polished surface is much soiled then it will be necessary to remove the entire
polish and such removal shall be paid for separately outside the rate of polishing.
• Further the polishing itself will have to do done like new work and will be paid for as
such.

APPLICATION

• The number of coats of polish to be applied shall be as described in the item.

• A pad of woollen cloth covered by a fine cloth shall be used to apply the polish.
• The pad shall be moistened with the polish and rubbed hard on the wood, in a series of
overlapping circles applying the mixture sparingly but uniformly over the entire area to
give an even level surface.
• A trace of linseed oil on the face of the pad facilitates this operation. The surface shall be
allowed to dry and the remaining coats applied in the same way.
• To finish off, the pad shall be covered with a fresh piece of clean fine cotton cloth
slightly damped with methylated spirit and rubbed lightly and quickly with circular
motions.
• The finished surface shall have a uniform texture and high gloss.
MODE OF MEASUREMENT
The measurement shall be done in m2.
RATE
 The rate shall comply with the equipment, materials and labour necessary for the
completion of the work.

XXIV.CERAMIC TILE LAYING IN (1:3) CEMENT MORTAR:

i.Scope:
The specification covers providing and laying ceramic tile glazed/ non- glazed in base mortar (1:3)
cement mortar in floor as well as in walls in general.
ii.Material:
a) Tiles: Glazed or non-glazed ceramic tiles shall be of approved made. These shall be of specified
size and colors approved by the engineer. Prior to installing any tile the contractor shall inspect
the surface and conditions of areas to receive tile work and shall notify the engineer of any serious
defects or conditions that will interface with or prevent a satisfactory tile installation and shall co-
ordinate with other trades of work.
b) Mortar: Mortar shall be 1 part of cement and 3 parts of sand. Materials and preparation of
mortar shall confirm to the plaster work.
iii.Installing the file:
The surface shall be brushed, cleaned and wetted. Glazed tile shall be soaked completely immersed
in clean water at least 30 minutes and drained. Individual tile that exhibit drying along edge shall
be re soaked and drained. No free moisture shall be allowed to remain on the backs of tile at the
time of setting. Tiles shall be installed by applying a skim coat of a plastic mix of 1:3 cement
mortar maximum ½” thick on wall and tile and firmly pressing tile into the wall to true plane and
position. Joints shall be maintained uniformly 1/16” wide or as laid out in such a way that no tiles
are so manufactured or by used of wetted strings. Tiles shall be laid out in such a way that no tile
less than half size occurs. During grouting all excess grout shall be cleaned off the tile surface with
damp clothe or sponge. It shall be protected from damage during construction. Upon the
completion prior to final inspection of acceptance the contractor shall clean all tile work. Acids or
other agents liable to damage the work shall be avoided.
iv.Finishing:
The finally laid shall be given a coat of white cement slurry to fill up the joints, which shall be
wiped off from tiles.
v.Rates:
Rates shall be inclusive of materials like tile, under bedding mortar, white cement etc. and labor
required to complete the work.

XXV.WC COMMODE WITH LOW LEVEL CISTERN :

Squatting Pans (Indian Type W.C.):

Squatting pans shall be of white vitreous china conforming to IS 2556 Part-I for General
Requirements and relevant IS codes for each pattern as described below:
(i) Long pattern-conforming to IS 2556 (Part-3).
(ii) Orissa pattern-conforming to IS 2556 (Part-3).
(iii) Integrated type conforming to IS 2556 (Part-14).
Preferably Orissa type pan should be used. Each pan shall have an integral flushing rim of
suitable type. It shall also have an inlet or supply horn for connecting the flush pipes. The
flushing rim and inlet shall be of the self draining type. It shall have weep hole at the flushing
inlet to the pan. The inside of the bottom of the pan shall have sufficient slope from the front
towards the outlet and the surface shall be uniform and smooth to enable easy and quick disposal
while flushing. The exterior surface of the outlet below the flange shall be an unglazed surface
which shall have grooves at right angles to the axis of the outlet. In all cases a pan shall be
provided with a (100 mm) S.C.I. trap ‘P’ or ‘S’ type with approximately 50 mm water seal and
50 mm dia vent horn, where required by the Engineer-in-Charge.

Installation of Squatting Pan

The installation shall consist of squatting pan, flushing cistern, flush pipe and a pair of foot rests.

Fixing
The pan shall be sunk into the floor and embedded in a cushion of average 15 cm thick cement
concrete 1:5:10 (1 Cement : 5 fine sand : 10 graded brick ballast 40 mm nominal size). The
concrete shall be left 115 mm below the top level of the pan so as to allow flooring and its bed
concrete. The pan shall be provided with a 100 mm S.C.I., P or S type trap with an
approximately 50 mm seal and 50 mm dia. vent horn, where required by the Engineer-in-Charge.
The joint between the pan and the trap shall be made leak proof with cement mortar 1:1 (1
cement : 1 fine sand).

Measurements
The squatting pans shall be measured in numbers.

Rate
Rate shall include the cost of all the materials and labour involved in all the operations described
above. Cost of concrete shall be paid separately.

XXVI.WC PAN WITH LOW LEVEL CISTERN :

Wash Down Type (European Type W.C.):

Water closets shall be of white vitreous china conforming to IS 2556 (Part-1) and 2556 (Part-2),
as specified and shall be of “Wash down type”. The closets shall be of one piece construction.
Each water closet shall have not less than two holes having a minimum diameter of 6.5 mm for
fixing to floor and shall have an integral flushing rim of suitable type. It shall also have an inlet
or supply horn for connecting the flushing pipe. The flushing rim may be boxed or open type.
Each water closet shall have an integral trap with either ‘S’ or ‘P’ outlet with at least 50 mm
water seal. The inside surface of water closets and traps shall be uniform and smooth in order to
enable an efficient flush. The water closet, when sealed at the bottom of the trap in line with the
back plate, shall be capable of holding not less than 15 litres of water.

Installation of Water Closet

Installation shall consist of water closet with seat and cover, flushing cistern and flush bend.

Fixing
The closet shall be fixed to the floor by means of 75 mm long 6.5 mm diameter counter-sunk
bolts and nuts embedded in floor concrete.

Measurements
Water closets shall be measured in numbers.

Rate
Rate shall include the cost of all the materials and labour involved in all the operations described
above.

XXVII. WHITE GLAZED WASH BASIN :

Wash basins shall be of white vitreous china conforming to IS 2556 (Part-I) and IS 2556
(Part-4). Wash basins either of flat back or angle back as specified shall be of one piece
construction, including a combined overflow. Each basin shall have a rim on all sides, except sides
in contact with the walls and shall have a skirting at the back. Basins shall be provided with single
or double tap holes as specified. The tap holes shall be 28 mm square or 30 mm round or 25 mm
round for pop up hole. Each basin shall have circular waste hole to which the interior of basin shall
drain. Each basin shall be provided with a non-ferrous 32 mm waste fitting. Stud slots to receive
the brackets on the underside of the wash basin shall be suitable for a bracket with stud not
exceeding 13 mm diameter, 5 mm high and 305 mm from the back of basin to the centre of the
stud. The stud slots shall be of depth sufficient to take 5 mm stud. A slot type of overflow having
an area of not less than 5 sq. cm, shall be provided and shall be so designed as to facilitate cleaning
of the overflow. Where oval shape or round shape wash basins are required to be fixed these shall
be fixed preferably in RCC platform with local available stone topping either fully sunk in stone
top or top flush with the stone topping as directed by Engineer-in-Charge. The wash basins shall
be one of the following patterns and sizes as specified.
(a) Flat back: 660 x 460 mm (Surgeon’s Basin)
630 × 450 mm
550 × 400 mm
450 × 300 mm
(b) Angle back: 600 × 480 mm
400 × 400 mm
White glazed pedestals for wash basins, where specified shall be provided. It shall be capable of
supporting the basin rigidly and adequately and shall be so designed as to make the height from
 the floor to top of the rim of basin 75 to 80 cm. All the waste fittings shall be brass chromium
plated, or as specified.

Fixing
The basin shall be supported on a pair of C.I. cantilever brackets conforming to IS 775 and be
embedded in cement concrete (1:2:4) block 100 x 75 x 150 mm. Use of M.S. angle or Tee section
as bracket is not permitted. Brackets shall be fixed in position before dado work is done. The
brackets have been shown in Fig. 17.15. The wall plaster on the rear shall be cut to rest over the
top edge of the basin so as not to leave any gap for water to seep through between wall plaster &
skirting of basin. After fixing the basin, plaster shall be made good and surface finished matching
with the existing one. S.C.I. floor traps conforming to IS 1729 having 50 mm water seal (minimum
35 mm in two pipe systems with gully trap) should be used. Waste pipes laid horizontally should
have gradient not flatter than 1 in 50 and not steeper than 1 in 10. The waste water from wash basin
shall be discharged directly to vitreous semi-circular open drain, discharging to a floor trap and
finally to the vertical stack (Fig.17.15) on upper floors and in case of ground floor, the waste water
shall be discharged either directly to the gully trap or through the floor trap. C.P. brass trap and
union are not to be used in such situations. If waste pipe is concealed or crosses the wall, waste
water shall be discharged through non ferrous trap like PVC Engineering plastic or C.P. brass and
union to vertical stack. The C.P. brass trap and union shall be paid for separately. Where so
specified a 20 mm G.I. puff pipe terminating with a perforated brass cap screwed on it on the
outside of the wall or connected to the anti-siphon stack shall be provided.

Measurements
Wash basins shall be measured in numbers.

Rate
The rate shall include the cost of all the materials and labour involved in all the operations
described above.

XXVIII.WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY PIPES AND FITTINGS

The work cover all materials required for such pipes and fittings. The work shall include water
supply external and internal including jointing the pipes, fixing in positions to its original finish
complete with testing and ready for operation.
i. Materials:
• GI pipes and fittings: The pipes shall be galvanized mild steel welded tubes and seamless,
screwed tubes confirming to the requirements of IS B 1239-1958 for medium grade. These pipes
shall be painted with two coats of black paint before laying in position.
• Cast iron pipes: pipes of 80mm dia. and above shall be span cast iron pipes confirming to IS
1536-1967 of class as specified in the bill of quantities.
• Fitting: Pipes and fittings shall be cast iron confirming to IS 1536-1960 of class as specified. The
pipes should be joined with pig lead as specified.
• Cast iron double flanged pipes: CI double flanged popes shall be generally used for making
connection to RCC overhead reservoir pump connection for suction and delivery and at such
 other places as specified in the bill of quantities or as shown in drawings. The pipes should
confirm to IS 1537-1967. The pipes shall be of such special lengths as required at site and nothing
extra shall be paid for this.
ii. Water supply (external)
a) Pipes: The pipes are laid outside the building and generally underground shall be considered
as external water supply. Pipes shall be laid in trenches with a covering of 3’ for cast iron pipes
and minimum for galvanized pipes.
b) Making connections to existing mains: Whenever required contractor shall make tee
connections to existing water supply mains of required size. It shall be the sole responsibility of
the contractor to make adequate arrangement for cutting the roads where required and provide a
lantern and a red mark to prevent from the mishaps.
c) Trenches: All GI pipes below ground shall be laid in trenches and shall be minimum of cover
of 2”.
d) Measurements: Such work is carried as per mentioned in the bill of quantities. The pipe is
measured per running meter including fittings. For CI pipes, fittings, brick masonry fire hydrants
shall be paid for by number concrete for pipe supports and anchor shall be paid per cubic meter.
iii. Water supply (internal):
a) Pipes: All pipes inside the building and where specified outside the building shall be galvanized
steel tubes.
b) Fittings: The fittings shall be malleable iron galvanized fittings of approved make. The fittings
shall include couplings, elbows, bends, tees etc.
iv. Method of executing: The setting and arrangements of pipes shall be as per the working drawing.
All the pipes shall be completely concealed from view. The pipes are cut to size, all screw thread
shall be clear and well cut. The end shall be cut cleanly and squared. The pipes are inspected at
site before use. In joining the pipes the inside of the socket and the end of the pipe shall be oiled
and rubbed over with white lead and a full turn of stem yarn wrapped round. Any exposed parts
are painted. In internal work, the pipes run on the surface of the wall.
v. Testing:
• All pipes, fittings and valves shall be tested by hydrostatic pressure as follows:
For medium class pipes- 7.6 kg/sq.cm
For heavy class pipes- 10.5 kg/sq.cm
• In additional to this the contractor shall test the entire installation of connection to the overhead
tanks. The contractor shall rectify all leakages and repair replaces the materials if required.
vi. Measurement: GI pipes above ground shall be measured per running meter and the note shall be
inclusive of all fittings including unions. GI pipes below the ground shall be measured per
turning meter and the rate shall be inclusive of all fittings including unions, excavation for
trenches refilling and disposal of surplus earth and testing.
vii. Rates: The rate includes all materials such as pipes, fittings. The rate also include cutting of the
pipe, line making, fixing pipes in position, reinstating of all civil work as per civil specification.
7. WRITE SHORT NOTES ON
I. SITE WORK :

Prior to excavation, the following works should be carried out:-

xviii) Site Clearance:-
(a) All obstructions, loose stones, materials and rubbish of all kinds, stumps,
brushwood and trees shall be removed as directed, roots being entirely grubbed
up.
(b) Useless materials shall be burned or disposed off.

xix) Setting out:-

(a) Center lines shall be given by the Engineers.
(b) The contractor shall install reference marks, bench marks, etc.
(c) Labors, materials, etc required for setting out and establishing Bench marks and
others references shall be arranged by the contractor at his own cost.

xx) Excavation:-
(a) Foundation excavation shall include removal of all materials of whatever nature
and whether wet or dry, necessary for the construction of foundation and
substructure exactly in accordance with the line, levels, grades and curves as
shown on plans.
(b) It shall be taken to the exact width of the lowest step of the footing and the sides
shall be left plumb where the nature of soil admits it.

xxi) Disposal of excavated materials:-

(a) Disposal of excavated materials shall be done at a minimum distance of 1m
from the trench of fence.
(b) Materials useful for other use shall be stacked in convenient places but it shall
not obstruct the free movements required for constructional purpose.
(c) The site shall be left clean of all debris on completion.

xxii) Unsound Ground:-

(a) Weak ground shall be filled up with 1:3:6 lean concrete.

xxiii) Dewatering:-
(a) Unless otherwise specified, the excavation rate shall include pumping out all
water which may accumulate in excavation during the progress of construction.
(b) The pumping of water from any trenches shall not cause damage to the
foundation trenches, concrete or masonry or any adjacent structure.
(c) The excavation shall be kept free from water as long as it is necessary.
 xxiv) Timbering and Shoring:-
(a) The design of shoring shall be done by the contractor unless otherwise
specified.
(b) The shoring shall be of sufficient strength to resist side pressure and ensure
safety from steps and blows to prevent damage to work and property and injury
to persons.

xxv) Antiques:-
(a) Any archaeologically important accessories, if found shall be informed to
engineer or contractor.
(b) They shall be government property.

xxvi) Protection:-
(a) Adequate protective measures shall be adopted so that the excavation does not
affect or damage adjoining structure and cause injury to the people and
property.
(b) Contractor shall be entirely responsible for any injury to the life and damage to
the property caused by his negligence.

xxvii) Backfilling:-
(a) All space between foundation masonry or concrete and the sides of excavation
must be refilled to the original surface with approved materials, in layers of 15
to 20cm in thickness, watered and rammed to compact.
(b) The filling shall be done after concrete or masonry is fully set and done in such
a way as not to cause undue thrust on any part of the structure.

xxviii) Slips and Blows:-

(a) If there are any slips or blows in the excavation, they shall be removed by the
contractor without any extra cost.

xxix) Types of excavation:-

(a) Earthy or sandy material such as soils of all sort, sand, gravel, soft clay, black
soil, and other similar material can be easily removed.
(b) Removal of small boulders not exceeding 3000cc shall be included in the rate
for excavation.

II. TYPES OF SPECIFICATIONS

1. General Specifications
 2. Detailed Specifications

General Specifications

In general specifications, nature and class of works and names of materials that should be used are
described. Only a brief description of each and every item is given. It is useful for estimating the
project. The general specifications do not form a part of contract document.

Detailed Specifications

The detailed specifications form a part of a contract document. They specify the qualities,
quantities and proportions of materials and the method of preparation and execution for a particular
item of works in a project. The detailed specifications of the different items of the work are
prepared separately and they describe what the work should be and how they shall be executed.
While writing the detailed specifications, the same order sequence as the work is to be carried out
is to be maintained.

TYPES OF DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS

Detailed Specifications are of two types

1. Standard Specifications
2. Special Specifications

STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
Standard specifications are those which remain same for various types of projects. These
specifications can be used for every project that fall into this category. Different public sector
organizations collect data from various types of construction work and published data in the form
of a book. No need to write detailed specifications again and again for every project. It saves
from mistakes while writing specifications over and over again.
SPECIAL SPECIFICATIONS
Sometime construction projects are of special type. Specifications for these types of projects are
not mentioned in detailed specifications book. Consultant has to write specifications for this type
of work. In tender documents these specifications are written separately under Special
Specifications heading.

III. CONTRACT DOCUMENTS

“Contract Documents” are the written documents that define the roles, responsibilities, and
“Work” under the construction Contract, and are legally-binding on the parties (Owner and
Contractor).

The entire arrangement between

• the owner and the contractor detailing bidding,

• bonds, liabilities, and construction services
• legal and financial rights and responsibilities,
• quality of workmanship

IV. Standard specification:

For similar works the specifications are generally standardized. For example
specification for first class brick work in cement mortar to be constructed with local
chimney made bricks in Kathmandu valley can be standardized. These standard
specifications are numbered serially for each item and every item need to be written
every time. They may be referred to the standard specification document giving
their reference numbers. This saves a lot of time and effort during preparing tender
document.
These standard specifications are need to be revised from time to time to
incorporate changes and additional information in technology, etc. Updated
standard specification must be marked with the date of issue.
V. Technical provision:
VI. Technical provisions comprise two components: the best estimate of the liabilities
(i.e. the central actuarial estimate) plus a risk margin. Technical provisions are
intended to represent the current amount the (re)insurance company would have to
pay for an immediate transfer of its obligations to a third party.
VII. For each segment, technical provisions should be shown on the following bases:
VIII. current basis;
IX. best estimate;
X. 75th percentile; and
XI. 90th percentile.
XII. Technical provisions should be shown both net of reinsurance and gross of
reinsurance on each of these bases.
XIII. 1 Non-life:
XIV. The best estimate, 75th percentile and 90th percentile should be shown on both a
discounted and an undiscounted basis.
XV. The standard deviation of the probability distribution of the liability cash flow
should be given separately.
XVI. 2 Life:
XVII. The total difference between the best estimate and the (present value of the)
guaranteed surrender or transfer values of each contract should be given separately.
XVIII. Segmentation
XIX. As far as practicable, for non-life insurance values should be indicated in each of
the lines of business defined in the present accounting Directive.1 If values are not
provided on this basis, participants should describe the method they used to
determine an appropriate segmentation. They should explain why this segmentation
is more appropriate to their business.
XX. For life business, valuation of liabilities may require a classification of
underwriting risks into homogenous risk groups according to the broad nature of
the risks assumed under the contract. Examples include:
XXI. • homogenous mortality risk (e.g. life cover risk, annuitant mortality);
XXII. • morbidity risks (e.g. disability income, critical illness);
XXIII. • lapse risks (e.g. regular premium contracts);
XXIV. • profit-sharing/non profit-sharing business;
XXV. • guaranteed /non-guaranteed business.
XXVI. Segmentation may also be driven by local factors, such as the tax treatment of
business.
XXVII. Optional information:
XXVIII. • Where possible, values for the 75th and 90th percentile should also be calculated
at the level of the entity as a whole (separately for life and non-life). This will allow
participants to estimate the effects of diversification effects between segments.
XXIX. Methods and assumptions
XXX. Current basis
XXXI. Technical provisions under the current basis need to be provided for comparative
purposes. The current basis is the statutory balance sheet amount of provisions,
according to local requirements.
XXXII. Non-life only:
XXXIII. For purposes of comparison, participants should indicate whether statutory
provisions have been valued using statistical methods or on a case-bycase basis.
XXXIV. Participants should provide an estimate of the confidence level that is reflected in
the statutory provisions.
XXXV. Best estimate
XXXVI. The expected present value of future cash flows should be used. The estimate
should be based on policy-by-policy data.
XXXVII. The expected cashflows should be based on actuarial assumptions that are
deemed to be realistic for the book of business in question i.e. each element
sampled from a distribution believed to be reasonable and realistic having regard to
all the available information. Assumptions should be made based on a participant's
experience for the probability distributions for each risk factor, but taking into
consideration market or industry data where own experience is limited or not
sufficiently credible.
XXXVIII. To the extent practical, expected cashflows should reflect expected
demographic, legal, medical, technological, social or economic developments. For
example, a foreseeable trend in life expectancy should be taken into account.
XXXIX. Life only:
XL. Relevant risk factors should include at least the following:
XLI. • Mortality rates
XLII. • Morbidity rates
XLIII. • Lapse rates
XLIV. • Option take-up rates
XLV. • Expense assumptions
XLVI. Mortality, longevity and morbidity assumptions should be assessed separately for
different risk groups. Where a participant assumes correlation of risks between
different risk groups, the assumptions made and the rationale should be disclosed.
Assumptions on the volatility of mortality, longevity and morbidity experience
should also be disclosed.
 V. General provision
General provision are the general conditions of contract and are applicable to the work as a
whole. Laws or regulations that apply to all contracts of certain type.

• Water supply for construction and drinking should be arranged by the contractor .
• Electricity for construction and site
• Sign board
• Site office for site engineer

VI. Contract documents:

Contract documents includes

• Specification and form of qualification information

• constitute a legally binding agreement that the contractor and owner each agree to
perform according to the specified terms.
• Contract data, condition of contract and contract drawings
• Bill of quantities and form of securities