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Respiratory System Kel 1 BIG
Respiratory System Kel 1 BIG
Respiratory System Kel 1 BIG
PRELIMINARY
Nasal cavity
Nasal cavity is the entering place of respiratory air. In nasal cavity is fund
smooth hair and mucilage membrane that have function of filter air. Air that enters
becomes rather humid and chages air temperature to be suitable with body
temperature.
Nasal cavity is divided into two chambers by nasal cavity separatr that is
strengthened by cartilage, while in its both sides is found flat protrusion of
cartilage called concha. Concha many contains blood capillary s if the entering air
has temperature lower than body temperature blood capillary will release its energy
to nasal cavity causes the etering air becomes warm.
Larynx is complex structure that has shape of inversed cone that is composed
of nine cartilages and an amount of muscle. The leghth of larynx is about 3 or 4 cm.
Cartilage that is found in larynx’s entering door is called epiglottis. Below epiglottis
is found thyroidal cartilage that form Adam’s apple more appears is man than
woman. In larynx part is also found slit that goes to trachea called glottis and voice
band. There are several muscles that control the tension of voice bands so it vibrate
and produce sound.
Trachea
Trachea is pipe that has length about 11 cm it lies in frount of esophagus.
Trachea wall consist of three layers, those are:
1. The outer layer consist of connective tissue
2. The middle layer consist of smooth muscle and cartilaginous ring.
3. The most inner layer consists of ciliated epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue
produces mush of mucilage that has main function to catch tract foreign
thisngs that will enter into the lung and return it to upper course of
respiratory.
The lower end of trachea ends like inversed Y letter, forms tw bronchi, that is
right bronchus and left bronchus. The position of bronchi that goes to the left lung
and right lung are differs. Bronchus that goes to the left lung its position is flatter
than bronchus that goes to the right lung. This is one cause the right lung is easier
attacked by disaese.
In the lung, bronchus has branches again becomes very small canals bronchioles.
The end of bronchioles is small bulb called lung bulb (alveolus).
Lung
Lung is located in chest cavity, it has one pair that is right lung and left lung.
The right lung consist f three lobes, while the left lung consist of two lobes. As well
as right lung is bigger than left lung. Right lung and left lung is covered by lung cover
membrane called pleura. In the lung is found alveolus that its amount is s many. In
human is found about 300 billion of alveoli.
D. Disorders of the respiratory system
1. Sinusitis, which is an infection of the sinuses. This infection occurs when the nasal
passages that lead to sinus congestion.
2. Tonsillitis, which is an infection of the tonsils so that it is inflamed and swollen.
Inflammation and swelling of the tonsils that occur in the pharyngeal region are
called tonsils. If it occurs in the nasopharynx is called adenoids.
3. Laryngitis, which is an infection of the larynx that causes hoarseness or hoarseness.
4. Bronchitis, which is an infection of the bronchial region that is usually preceded by
a bacterial infection.
5. Pneumonia, which is an infection of the lungs caused by viruses and bacteria so
that the bronchi and alveoli contain lots of fluids. This condition resulted in the
disruption of the air exchange process.
6. Tuberculosis or tuberculosis, which is an infection of the lungs caused by the
bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
7. Chronic bronchitis, which is blocked airways by mucous fluid so that the air supply
to the lungs is disrupted.
8. Fisema, which is a disorder in the lungs characterized by damage to the walls of
the alveoli so that the air exchange is reduced.
9. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease (inflammation) of the airway causing
hyperesponsive airway enhancement that causes recurrent episodic symptoms in
the form of wheezing (wheezing sounds), shortness of breath, chest feels heavy and
coughing especially at night before dawn. These symptoms occur associated with
broad, varied airway obstruction and are often reversible with or without treatment.
As is known, the breath of human breath originates from the mouth and nose, then
unites in the neck area into a trachea (throat) that will enter the lungs. In the lungs,
one tracheal airway will branch off, one to the left lung and another to the right
lung. After that, each will branch out again, the longer the course is smaller until
23 times and ends in the alveoli, where there is an exchange of gas, oxygen (O2)
into the blood vessels, and carbon dioxide (CO2) is circulated.
10. Lung cancer, more experienced by men than women. The cause of this cancer is
one of them triggered by long-term smoking habits, both active and passive.
11. Flu, which is a disease characterized by slimy nasal cavity, cough, and fever. This
disease is caused by an influenza virus infection.
BAB III
CLOSING
1. CONCLUSION
Understanding breathing or respiration is a process ranging from oxygen
uptake, expenditure of carbohydrates to the use of energy in the body.
Humans inhale breathe oxygen in free air and remove carbon dioxide into the
environment. Respiratory devices in humans are the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. And there are some disorders in the
human respiratory system.
In animal respiration also involves various means of respiration. Animals that
live in terrestrial environments mostly breathe using lungs, whereas animals that live
in water breathe using gills.
2. SUGGESTION
Take care of the health of respiratory organs, especially in the lungs and other
respiratory system organs. In order to avoid disruption in our respiratory system,
avoid air pollution and toxic gases, and especially avoid smoking. And take care of
your lungs (pulmo) to keep them clean, because the lungs are susceptible to infectious
diseases so that they cause tissue damage.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
https://ifabiology.wordpress.com/2011/06/09/respiratory-system/
https://www.academia.edu/11819895/Makalah_SIstem_Pernapasan_atau_Respirasi