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  • CamScanner 07-12-2020 22.20.10

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    Mr. Laraib Ali
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    4 views6 pages

    CamScanner 07-12-2020 22.20.10

    Uploaded by

    Mr. Laraib Ali
    Please let me download

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    of 6
    OBJECTIVE 1. To familiarize with the working principle of Pelton Wheel. 2, To determine the characteristics of Pelton Wheel. 3. To determine the optimum efficiency point. ABSTRACT In this experiment, we are dealing with the Pelton Wheel. In this experiment, we observed the load on the Pelton Wheel with every decrement of the speed and observing the flow rate of the water. We also observing whether the nozzle setting effect the performance of the Pelton Wheel. By those parameters, we can determine the characteristics of the Pelton Wheel and it ‘optimum efficiency point. All he data and the related graphs are plotted for further analysis. INTRODUCTION Working Principle of Turbine Wheel Pelton Wheel is a type of impulse turbine. These turbines work on the principle whereby the direction of high velocity fluid in motion is changed to generate an impulse force causing the blades to spin the turbine, The kinetic energy of the fluid leaving the Pelton Wheel will be reduced. The fluid’s pressure head is converted into vel ocity head prior to entering the wheel with a nozzle. ‘The water jet is directed to the rotor and hits the sharp edge of the blades so that it di into two symmetrical parts. Each blade is composed of two symmetrical spoons. ‘The water jet (circular with diameter d) comes out of the distributor at velocity v, /2gh where h is the height of water fall and g is the gravitational acceleration, and hits the blade with this velocity. The wheel diameter D and the rotational speed n are selected so that the runner peripheral velocity vy is Yo = AMD = v/2 Therefore the relative velocity (with respect to the blades) of the water flow at the blade inlet is V—Uyy= 0/2 The water flow will be expelled at a velocity reversed to the inlet velocit Scanned with CamScanner Figure 1: Structure of Pelton Turbine, Mounted on the periphery is a series of double spoon- shaped blades (P). The water flows through the forced duet (C) and is expelled as a jet (E) by a distributor. The distributor has a circular section nozzle (B) that can be adjusted by a taper shutter pin S which closes the nozzle as it moves forward. Batlle (T) is used to stop the wheel quickly, Figure 2: speed indicator Scanned with CamScanner Figure 3: load applied Figure 4: water level indicator Apparatus Setting: 1. The water tank is filled to 4/5 of its full capacity. The apparatus is connected to its power supply. ‘The water hose is connected to the inlet of the Pelton Wheel. The belt is put on to the pulley of the wheel and is tightened as necessary. The speed sensor cable is connected to the table top control panel. The power supply of the Pelton Wheel and the hydraulic bench is switched on. MOw Ry The speed sensor is adjusted to ensure that the screw of the pulley can be sensed by the speed sensor head. 8. The control valve and bypass valve of the hydraulic bench are ensured to be fully opened. 9. The pump is switched on, and the bypass valve is closed slowly. 10. The frequency at the frequency inverter is set to zero, Scanned with CamScanner Procedure: 1. The nozzle jet is preset at fully opened position. The wheel from the nozzle will cause the wheel to rotate. The frequency is switched to 30Hz. The wheel is allowed to run for about 3 minutes to let the flow rate reading become stable. 3. The belt is attached to the pulley at the back of the Pelton Wheel. The wheel is loaded by tightening the loading nut. The belt is ensured to be seated properly on the groove of the pulley. 4. The values of load on the spring scale is recorded every 100 rpm decrement. 5. The load on the wheel is increased until it reaches $00 rpm. Result 1.50 LS 1300 13 14.10 2.50 1.75 1200 13 14.38 5.50 175 1100 13 14.79 7.50 175 1000 13 14.56 9.00 175 900, 13, 14.53 10.50 1.75 800 13 14.89 11.75 1.75 700 13 14.77 13.00 1.75 600, 13 14.35 14.25 1.75 500, 13 14.73 ‘Tablet 1200 0.75 5. 0.020 2.450 1100 3.75 z 0.098 11.231 1000, 5.75 0.150 15.656 900, 7.25 0.189) 17.766 300 8.75 ; 0.228) 19.059 700 10.00 . 0.260 19.059 600 11.25 0.293 18.378 500, 12.50 0.325 17.017 Scanned with CamScanner Pressure Flow Rate Flow Rate Input Power Output Efficiency (bar) (Lpm) (ms) ow) Power (W) (%) 13 42.55 0.00070922 92.20 0.00 0.00 13 4172 0.00069541 90.40 245 271 13 40.57 0.000676133 87.90 11.23 12.78 13 41.21 0.000686813 89.29 15.66 17.53 13 41.29 0.000688231 89.47 1777 19.86 13 40.30 0.000671592 87.31 19.06 21.83 13 40.62 10.000677048 88.02 19.06 21.65 13 A181 0.000696864 90.59 18.38 20.29 13 40.73 0.000678887 88.26 17.02 19.28 Table 3 Discussion 1, From the graph of output power against speed, we can notice that when the speed is at 52.36 rad/s ~ 73.30 rad/s, the output power is increas 12 while after the wheel achieves 83.78 rad/s, the output power started to drop until the speed reached 136.14 rad/s the output power is zero. This is because initially there is no force applied, there is no friction between the belt and the wheel, so that the output power is zero. When there is load applied, there is friction between the belt and the wheel, it ereates a torque and cause there is the output pow: Theoretically, we know that when the load is applied on the wheel by the belt, there is some friction cause the wheel hard to turn. Due to this, the speed of the wheel will decrease. When the speed of the wheel decreases, it will cause the output power to decrease as well speed, we can notice that the torque is inversely 3. From the graph of torque agai proportional to the speed. This means that when the speed increase, the torque decrease. This s due to the load that applied directly and perpendicular to the Pelton Wheel. 4 we all know, torque is the force applied multiply by the perpendicular distance. When the load applied incre , torque increase, friction increase, the only is the speed decrease. Scanned with CamScanner 4, Based on the result from the experiment, the speed that gives the best performance is 800rpm. It produces the highest output power (19.06W) and highest efficiency (21.83%). 5. The maximum power generated by Pelton Wheel is 19.06W at speed 800rpm. 6. The nozzle will affect the performance of the Pelton Wheel by the diameter of the water come out from the nozzle. When the diameter of the water flow out from the nozzle is small, the water will flow in high velocity and hit the blades of the wheel. ‘The contact area of the water on the blades is small and cause high pressure on it This is because pressure is force per unit area, when the area is small there will be a high pressure. When pressure is high, the impulse force applied on the blade will increase as well, therefore it will produce high average of the velocity on the Pelton Wheel. On the other hand, if the diameter of the water flow out from the nozzle is the lower the velocity that the water flow out, the impulsive force act on the blade: small and cause the Pelton Wheel tum with low speed. 7. In this experiment, there is some error occur when we conduct this experiment. The leaking of water at the water meter will Iead us to a wrong data for the volume of water collected. There is also the parallax error when taking the reading from the water meter and the pressure gauge because the level of the eye is not perpendicular to the level of the reading Conclusion From this experiment, we can conclude that when the diameter of the water flow out from the nozzle is small, then will generate high velocity of the water flow and cause the Pelton Wheel tum in high speed, The load is applied increase, the torque inerease, This will eause the

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