KWAMENKRUMAHUNI

VERSI
TYOFSCI
ENCEANDTECHNOLOGY

COLLEGEOFENGI
NEERI
NG

FACULTYOFCI
VILANDGEOENGI
NEERI
NG

DEPARTMENTOFCI
VILENGI
NEERI
NG

HI
GHWAYSENGI
NEERI
NG

REPORTONROUTELOCATI
ONBETWEENTHEBRUNEI–SCHOOLOF
BUSI
NESSROADINKUNSTANDTHEASOKWA–BOMSOROAD

FRI
MPONGKWAKUAGYEMANG

9261717
Cont
ent
s
1.
0ABSTRACT 1
2.
0INTRODUCTI
ON 1
2.
2OBJECTI
VES 1
2.
3LI
TERATUREREVI
EW. 1
2.
3.1Tol
ocat
ear
out
e,somebasi
cpr
inci
plesmustbeobey
ed: 1
2.
3.2Fourdi
ff
erentsur
vey
sar
econduct
edbef
oret
heconst
ruct
ionofar
oad.Thesei
ncl
ude:
1
3.
0DATAPRESENTATI
ONANDDI
SCUSSI
ON. 1
3.
1.0BRUNEI–KSBROUTE 1
3.
1.1FACTORSTOBECONSI
DEREDI
NLOCATI
NGAROUTETAKI
NGI
NTOACCONTTHE
RI
GHTOFWAY 1
3.
1.2FACTORSTOBECONSI
DEREDI
SSELECTI
NGTHEROUTE 1
3.
1.3PROPOSEDROADALI
GNMENTS 1
3.
1.4TABULARCOMPARI
SONOFTHEDI
FFERENTROUTES 1
3.
1.5DI
FFERENCESBETWEENROUTELOCATI
ONFORURBANANDRURALAREAS.
Err
or!
Bookmar
knotdefi
ned.
3.
1.6BENEFI
TSOFTHEROAD 1
3.
2.0ASOKWA–BOMSOROUTE 1
3.
2.1FACTORSTOBECONSI
DEREDI
NLOCATI
NGTHEROUTETAKI
NGI
NTOACCONTTHE
RI
GHTOFWAY 1
3.
2.2PROPOSEDROADALI
GNMENTS 1
3.
2.3TABULARCOMPARI
SONOFTHEDI
FFERENTROUTES 1
3.
2.4DI
FFERENCESBETWEENROUTELOCATI
ONFORURBANANDRURALAREAS.
Err
or!
Bookmar
knotdefi
ned.
3.
2.5BENEFI
TSOFTHEROAD 1
4.
0CONCLUSI
ON 1
5.
0REFERENCES 1

1
1.
0ABSTRACT
Themov
ementofpeopl
efr
om onepoi
ntt
otheot
heri
sver
ybasi
cint
hel
i
feofpeopl
e.
I
nev
eryendeav
orofourl
i
ves,
suchasagr
icul
tur
e,heal
thandot
her
s,t
heconst
ruct
ionof
r
oads i
sver
y much needed.Good r
oads when const
ruct
ed l
eads t
o a gr
eat
i
mpr
ovementi
nthel
i
vingst
andar
dofpeopl
einasoci
etymaki
ngi
tver
yeconomi
calf
or
t
hei
nhabi
tant
ssi
ncepeopl
ewi
l
lhav
etospendshor
tert
imet
otr
avelamongstt
he
numer
ousadv
ant
ages.Theact
ualconst
ruct
ionpr
ocessal
sohasanaddedef
fectof
st
imul
ati
ngt
hecont
ract
ionmar
ketandal
socr
eat
ingj
obsf
ort
hepeopl
edur
ingt
he
cont
ract
ionphase.Manyf
act
orssuchast
hel
engt
hofar
out
e,t
hesoi
lcondi
ti
onoft
he
l
and,t
heabi
l
ityt
oobt
aint
her
ightofwaycausi
ngmi
nimum ef
fectt
oot
herst
ruct
ures
suchasar
cheol
ogi
calandhi
stor
icsi
tes,t
hecostofconst
ruct
ionandenv
ironment
al
ef
fect
ssuchasnoi
seandai
rpol
l
uti
onaf
fectt
hel
ocat
ionofahi
ghwayf
aci
l
ity
.

2.
0INTRODUCTI
ON
2.
1THEPROBLEM ONSI
TE.

User
soft
her
oadwhol
i
vesatBr
uneiandbey
ondi
nKNUSThast
otr
avelal
lthewayt
o
t
hemai
nadmi
nist
rat
iont
oroundaboutt
hrought
heshut
tl
est
ati
ont
othebusi
ness
school
.Ther
educt
ioni
ntr
avel
timei
sver
yimpor
tanti
nanyr
oadconst
ruct
ed.Duet
othe
l
ongl
engt
hoft
her
oadt
het
rav
elt
imei
ncr
easeswhi
chi
ncr
easest
heexpendi
tur
eof
dr
iver
sint
ermsoff
uel
andot
herpr
obl
ems.

I
tist
her
efor
enecessar
ythatar
out
ebel
ocat
edbet
weent
hesear
easi
nbot
hinci
dent
s
nar
rat
edabov
esoast
oaddr
esst
hechal
l
enge.

2.
2OBJECTI
VES
1.Toconnectar
oadf
rom t
heNewAsokwaBy
passt
otheBomsoCommuni
tyasan
al
ter
nat
iver
oadt
otheOsei
tut
uBl
vdr
oad

2.Tol
ocat
ear
out
ebet
weenRi
ngRoadsout
h(connect
ingbr
unei
)tot
heFacul
ty
ar
eaofBusi
nessschool
road.

2.
3LITERATUREREVIEW.
Thedeci
siont
oselectapar
ti
cul
arl
ocat
ioni
ntheconst
ruct
ionofahi
ghwayi
susual
l
y

2
basedont
opogr
aphy
,soi
lchar
act
eri
sti
cs,env
ironment
alf
act
orssuchasnoi
seandai
r
pol
l
uti
onandeconomi
cfact
ors.Dependi
ngont
hepr
oposeuseofapar
ti
cul
arr
oad,
di
ff
erenti
nfor
mat
ionar
erequi
redf
ordi
ff
erentr
oads.

2.
3.1Tol
ocat
ear
out
e,somebasi
cpr
inci
plesmustbeobey
ed:
i
. Ther
oadwayel
ement
ssuchascur
vat
ureandgr
ademustbl
endwi
theach
ot
hert
opr
oduceasy
stem t
hatpr
ovi
desf
ort
heeasyf
low oft
raf
fi
catt
he
desi
gncapaci
tywhi
l
emeet
ingdesi
gncr
it
eri
aandsaf
etyst
andar
ds.

i
i
. Thehi
ghwayshoul
dcausemi
nimali
mpactt
ohi
stor
icandar
cheol
ogi
calsi
tes
andot
herl
anduseact
ivi
ti
es.Env
ironment
ali
mpactst
udi
esar
ether
efor
e
r
equi
redi
nmostcasesbef
oreahi
ghwayl
ocat
ioni
sfi
nal
l
yagr
eedupon.

2.
3.2Fourdi
ff
erentsur
vey
sar
econduct
edbef
oret
heconst
ruct
ionofar
oad.Thesei
ncl
ude:
i
. Of
fi
cest
udyofexi
sti
ngi
nfor
mat
ion.Thi
sst
agei
sconcer
nwi
tht
hest
udyof
exi
sti
ngengi
neer
ingr
epor
ts,maps,aer
ialphot
ogr
aphsandchar
tswhi
chcan
be obt
ain atgov
ernmentdepar
tment
s and agenci
es such as t
ranspor
t,
agr
icul
tur
eamongstot
her
s.Thi
sinf
ormat
ionshoul
dincl
udebutnotl
i
mit
edt
o;
engi
neer
ing,
soci
alanddemogr
aphi
c,env
ironment
alandeconomi
c.

i
i
. Reconnai
ssancesur
vey
.Theobj
ectoft
hisphaseoft
hesur
veyi
stoi
dent
if
y
sev
eralf
easi
bler
out
es.Feasi
bler
out
es ar
eident
if
ied bya st
ereoscopi
c
exami
nat
ionofaer
ialphot
ogr
aphst
aki
ngi
ntoconsi
der
ati
onf
act
orssuchas:
t
he t
err
ain and soi
lcondi
ti
on,ser
viceabi
l
ity ofr
out
etoi
ndust
ri
aland
popul
ati
onar
eas,cr
ossi
ngofot
hert
ranspor
tat
ionf
aci
l
iti
esanddi
rect
nessof
r
out
e.

i
i
i. Pr
eli
minar
ylocat
ionsur
vey
.Dur
ingt
hisphaseoft
hesur
vey
,theposi
ti
onsof
t
he f
easi
bler
out
es ar
e setby est
abl
i
shi
ng al
lthe cont
rol
s poi
nts and
det
ermi
ning pr
eli
minar
yver
ti
caland hor
izont
alal
i
gnmentf
oreach.The
al
i
gnmenti
suset
oconducteconomi
candenv
ironment
alev
aluat
ionoft
he
pr
oposer
out
e.

i
v. Fi
nall
ocat
ionsur
vey
.Thi
sisadet
ail
edl
ayoutofsel
ectoft
hesel
ect
edr
out
e
basedont
hej
udgementoft
hepr
eli
minar
ysur
vey
.Thehor
izont
alandv
ert
ical

3
 al
i
gnment
sar
edet
ermi
ned and t
heposi
ti
onsofst
ruct
uresand dr
ainage
channel
sar
elocat
ed.

3.
0DATAPRESENTATI
ONANDDI
SCUSSI
ON.
3.
1.0BRUNEI–KSBROUTE
3.
1.1FACTORSTOBECONSI
DEREDI
NLOCATI
NGAROUTETAKI
NGI
NTOACCONTTHERI
GHTOF
WAY
Somef
act
orst
obeconsi
der
edi
nsel
ect
ingt
her
out
etaki
ngi
ntoaccountt
her
ight
ofwayi
ncl
udesbutnotl
i
mit
edt
o:

a.Thesoi
lcondi
ti
onoft
hesur
face.Shoul
dar
ightofwaybeest
abl
i
shedbutt
he

b.under
lyi
ngsoi
lmat
eri
ali
ssopoor
,itei
therl
eadst
oabandoni
ngoft
hatr
out
e
ori
ncr
easei
sthecostofconst
ruct
ion

c.Pr
esenceofbui
l
dings,hi
stor
icalandar
chaeol
ogi
calsi
tes.I
far
ightofwaybe
obt
ainedbutt
her
eisal
otofbui
l
dingsandot
herhi
stor
icalandar
chaeol
ogi
cal
st
ruct
ures,
itmayl
eadt
otheabandoni
ngofsuchr
out
s.

d.Env
ironment
alef
fect
s.Thei
mpactofar
oadwayont
heenv
ironmentcannot
be ov
er emphasi
zed.A r
ight of way mi
ght be obt
ained,but i
fthe
env
ironment
ali
mpacti
ssopr
onounced,
theni
tcancausear
eject
ionofsuch
r
out
e.

4
3.
1.2FACTORSTOBECONSI
DEREDI
SSELECTI
NGTHEROUTE
Somef
act
orst
obeconsi
der
edi
nsel
ect
ingar
out
esuchast
hisi
ncl
udeamongst
manyot
her
s:

a.Topogr
aphy

b.Costofconst
ruct
ion

c.Env
ironment
alf
act
orssuchasnoi
seandai
rpol
l
uti
onsi
ncei
tiswi
thi
nan
i
nst
it
uti
on

d.Ti
meoft
rav
el

e.Lengt
hoft
hesect
ion

f
. Ser
viceabi
l
ityofr
out
etoi
ndust
ri
alandpopul
ati
onar
eas

g.Ri
ghtofwayacqui
sit
ion

h.Connect
iont
olocal
str
eet
s

i
. Adequat
epr
ovi
siont
opedest
ri
ans

3.
1.3PROPOSEDROADALI
GNMENTS
i
. Al
ter
nat
iveone

5
 Fi
gur
e1.al
ter
nat
ive one wi
tht
he el
evat
ion atdi
ff
erentpoi
nton t
he pr
oposed
r
out
e(Br
unei
-KSB)
.Indi
cat
edbyar
edcol
our

i
i
. Al
ter
nat
ivet
wo

6
 Fi
gur
e2.al
ter
nat
ivet
wo wi
tht
he el
evat
ion atdi
ff
erentpoi
nton t
he pr
oposed
r
out
e(Br
unei
-KSB)
.Indi
cat
edbyagr
eencol
our

i
i
i. Al
ter
nat
ivet
hree

7
 Fi e3.3rd al
gur ter
nat
ive wi
tht
he el
evat
ion atdi
ff
erentpoi
nton t
he pr
oposed
r
out
e(Br
unei
-KSB)
.Bl
uecol
our

3.
1.4TABULARCOMPARISONOFTHEDI
FFERENTROUTES
Numberofconf
li
ctar
easatl
ink

1stALTERNATI
VE

Gi
vent
hedi
stancebet
weent
heexi
sti
ngi
nter
sect
ionandt
hepr
oposedone,(
29.
2m ,
<50m)att
hebr
unei
si
de,t
hepr
oposedl
i
nkwi
l
lbeasegment
edi
nter
sect
ionwi
th18conf
li
ctpoi
ntand8conf
li
ctar
easatt
he
KSB si
desi
ncet
hatonei
sat
eei
nter
sect
ion.

2ndALTERNATI
VE

Thi
sonej
oinsbot
hli
nksasat
eei
nter
sect
ionandsoi
twi
l
lhav
e8conf
li
ctar
easatbot
hsi
des

3rdALTERNATI
VE

Thi
soneal
soj
oinst
henei
thersi
desoft
heexi
sti
ngr
oadsasat
eei
nter
sect
ionandsoi
twi
l
lhav
e8
conf
li
ctpoi
ntsatei
thersi
des

8
Acqui
sit
ionofr
ightofway

1stALTERNATI
VE

Wi
tht
her
equi
redr
ightofwayas60m (
30m f
rom cent
erl
i
ne)t
hisal
ter
nat
ivemeet
ssuchr
equi
rement
wi
thoutanyhar
mtoexi
sti
ngi
nfr
ast
ruct
uressuchasbui
l
dings

2ndALTERNATI
VE

Thi
sal
ter
nat
iveal
someet
sther
ightofwayr
equi
rementwi
thmi
nimum i
mpactt
oexi
sti
ngst
ruct
ures

3 ALTERNATI
VE
r
d

I
fthi
sal
ter
nat
iveshoul
dbechosen,t
hensomepar
toft
heschoolodmedi
calsci
enceswi
l
lhav
etobe
pul
l
eddownsoast
omeett
her
ightofwayr
equi
rement
.

Lengt
hofr
out
eandr
elat
edef
fect
s

1stALTERNATI
VE

Thi
sal
ter
nat
ivehasal
engt
hof514m.compar
ingi
twi
tht
heot
heral
ter
nat
ive,
itwi
l
lbet
hel
ongestandso
wi
l
lcosthi
ghert
oconst
ruct

2ndALTERNATI
VE

Thi
sal
ter
nat
iveal
sohasal
engt
hof506m,
andsoi
nter
msofcostwi
thr
espectt
olengt
h,t
hent
hiswi
l
lbe
bet
tert
hanal
ter
nat
iveonebutl
essert
hanal
ter
nat
ivet
hree

3rdALTERNATI
VE

Thi
sal
ter
nat
ivepr
esent
suswi
tht
heshor
testspan(
434m)
.thi
swi
l
lther
efor
ecostl
esst
oconst
ructi
fthe
emphasi
siswi
thr
espectt
olengt
honl
y.

Roadusercost

1stALTERNATI
VE

Si
ncet
hel
engt
hoft
hisal
ter
nat
ivei
shi
gh,i
timpl
i
est
hatv
ehi
cleuser
swi
l
lhav
etopaymor
eforf
ueland
sohi
gherusercost

9
2ndALTERNATI
VE

Compar
ati
vel
ythi
sal
ter
nat
ivewi
l
lbel
essert
hant
hatofal
ter
nat
iveonebuthi
ghert
hatal
ter
nat
ivet
hree

r
d
3 ALTERNATI
VE

Thi
sal
ter
nat
ivewi
l
lcostl
esst
obeusedi
fchosen.

Lengt
hofbr
idge.

st
1 ALTERNATI
VE

Thi
sal
ter
nat
ivecr
ossest
hewi
wist
ream atr
ightangl
e.Andal
sot
hewi
dthoft
hest
ream att
hatpoi
nti
s
smal
lcompar
edt
otheot
heral
ter
nat
ives.Thi
sther
efor
emeanst
hati
twi
l
lcostl
esst
ocont
ractabr
idgei
f
al
lot
herf
act
orsar
econst
ant

2ndALTERNATI
VE

Thi
sal
ter
nat
ivecr
ossest
hatst
ream atani
ncl
i
nedangl
emaki
ngal
ongerbr
idge.I
twi
l
lther
efor
ecost
hi
ghert
hatal
ter
nat
iveoneshoul
ditbechosenal
lthi
ngsbei
ngequal
.

3rdALTERNATI
VE

Thi
sal
ter
nat
iveal
socr
ossest
hest
ream atr
ightangl
esexceptf
ort
hewi
dthoft
hest
ream att
hatsect
ion
bei
ngl
argert
hant
hati
nal
ter
nat
iveone.Thi
swi
l
lal
socosthi
ghert
ocont
ractot
hert
hingbei
ngequal

10
Uponconsi
der
ingal
lthef
act
ors,i
twi
l
lbeeconomi
cal
l
yandenv
ironment
all
ywi
set
o
chooset
hef
ir
stal
ter
nat
ive.Ther
ightofwayi
swel
lobt
ained.I
nter
msofl
engt
h,t
his
opt
ion i
squi
tel
ongert
han opt
ion t
wo,butconsi
der
ing t
he di
ff
erence,i
tisqui
te
i
nsi
gni
fi
cant
.Andt
hebr
idgel
engt
hofopt
iont
woappear
stobel
ongert
hant
hatof
opt
ionone.Si
ncei
tisabi
tcheapt
oconst
ructar
oadt
hanabr
idge,
itwoul
dbewi
set
o
chooseopt
ionone.

Opt
iont
hreei
soutr
ight
lyr
eject
edbecauseofi
tspot
ent
ialt
oleadt
othedemol
i
shi
ngof
SMS.I
tal
soposesagr
eatenv
ironment
ali
mpactsuchasai
randnoi
sepol
l
uti
on.

3.
1.6BENEFI
TSOFTHEROAD
 Reduct
ioni
ntr
avel
time

 I
ncr
easei
ntheaest
het
icnat
ureoft
heschool
env
ironment

 Reducer
oadusercosti
nter
msoff
uel
consumpt
ion

 Reducet
raf
fi
ccongest
ionont
heexi
sti
ngr
oad(
meccar
oad)

 Reduct
ioni
nnoi
seandai
rpol
l
uti
onont
heexi
sti
ngr
oad(
mecca
r
oad)

 Easeofaccesspoi
nts

3.
2.0ASOKWA–BOMSOROUTE
3.
2.1FACTORSTOBECONSI
DEREDI
NLOCATI
NGTHEROUTETAKI
NGI
NTOACCONTTHERI
GHTOF
WAY
Somef
act
orst
obeconsi
der
edi
nsel
ect
ingt
her
out
etaki
ngi
ntoaccountt
her
ightof
wayi
ncl
udesbutnotl
i
mit
edt
o:

a.Thesoi
lcondi
ti
onoft
hesur
face.Shoul
dar
ightofwaybeest
abl
i
shedbutt
he
under
lyi
ngsoi
lmat
eri
ali
ssopoor
,itei
therl
eadst
oabandoni
ngoft
hatr
out
eor

11
 i
ncr
easei
sthecostofconst
ruct
ion

b.Pr
esenceofbui
l
dings,hi
stor
icalandar
chaeol
ogi
calsi
tes.I
far
ightofwaybe
obt
ainedbutt
her
eisal
otofbui
l
dingsandot
herhi
stor
icalandar
chaeol
ogi
cal
st
ruct
ures,
itmayl
eadt
otheabandoni
ngofsuchr
out
s.

c.Env
ironment
alef
fect
s.Thei
mpactofar
oadwayont
heenv
ironmentcannotbe
ov
eremphasi
zed.A r
ightofwaymi
ghtbeobt
ained,buti
ftheenv
ironment
al
i
mpacti
ssopr
onounced,
theni
tcancausear
eject
ionofsuchr
out
e

3.
2.2PROPOSEDROADALI
GNMENTS
i
. Al
ter
nat
iveone

12
 Fi
gur
e4.al
ter
nat
iveonewi
tht
heel
evat
ionatdi
ff
erentpoi
ntont
hepr
oposedr
out
e
(
Asokwa-
Bomso)
.i
ndi
cat
edbyr
edcol
our

i
i
.Al
ter
nat
ivet
wo

13
 Fi
gur
e3.al
ter
nat
ivet
wo wi
tht
he el
evat
ion atdi
ff
erentpoi
nton t
he pr
oposed
r
out
e(Asokwa-
Bomso)
.i
ndi
cat
edbygr
eencol
our

i
i
i.Al
ter
nat
ivet
hree

14
 Fi
gur
e6.al
ter
nat
ivet
hreewi
tht
heel
evat
ionatdi
ff
erentpoi
ntont
hepr
oposed
r
out
e(Asokwa-
Bomso)
.Indi
cat
edbybl
uecol
our

3.
2.3TABULARCOMPARI
SONOFTHEDI
FFERENTROUTES
Cr
it
eri
a Al
ter
nat
iveOne Al
ter
nat
iveTwo Al
ter
nat
iveThr
ee

Acqui
sit
ion ofr
ightof Toobt
aint
her
equi
red The r
equi
red r
ight of Achi
evi
ngar
ightofway
way r
ightofway(
40m)
,al
ot way can be achi
eved att
hissect
ioni
squi
te
ofbui
l
dingswi
l
lhav
eto wi
th l
i
ttl
e i
mpact on i
mpossi
blesi
ncea l
ot
bepul
l
eddown.Thi
sis exi
sti
ngbui
l
dings. mor
e bui
l
dings wi
l
l
undesi
rabl
e. hav
etogodownt
hani
n
t
hef
ir
stcase.

l
engt
hoft
her
oadway Thi
sal
ter
nat
ivehast
he Thi
sal
ter
nat
ivei
squi
te I
nter
msofl
engt
h,t
his
l
ongest r
oad l
engt
h shor
tert
hanal
ter
nat
ive al
ter
nat
ive pr
esent
s
(
513m)andsoi
twi
l
lbe ones butl
ongert
han t
hatbestopt
ionwi
tha
cost
lyt
o const
ructal
l al
ter
nat
ivet
hree.I
thas l
engt
hof398m.i
twi
l
l
t
hingsbei
ngequal al
engt
hof411m. t
her
efor
e be cost
ef
fect
ivet
oconst
ruct
.

l
engt
hofbr
idge Thi
sal
ter
nat
ivecr
osses Thi
srout
ecr
ossest
he Ev
en t
hough t
his

15
 t
he st
ream at an st
ream atr
ightangl
e.I
t al
ter
nat
ivecr
ossest
he
i
ncl
i
nedangl
emaki
ngi
t al
socr
ossesi
tatav
ery st
ream atr
ightangl
e,i
t
l
ong. Thi
s wi
l
lmean nar
row por
ti
on. Thi
s cr
osses i
t at a v
ery
t
hat much money wi
l
l means t
hat t
he wi
der
egi
onmaki
ngt
he
needs t
o be spenti
n l
engt
hoft
hebr
idgewi
l
llengt
h of t
he br
idge
ot
hert
oconst
ructi
t beshor
tercompar
edt
o l
onger
.Thi
s wi
l
limpl
y
t
he r
estmeani
ng l
ow hi
gher cost of
const
ruct
ional
cost const
ruct
ion

noi
seandai
rpol
l
uti
on Si
nce t
his r
out
e i
s Thi
s opt
ion i
s qui
te Thi
s al
ter
nat
ive al
so
l
ocat
ed wi
thi
n t
he l
ocat
ed at a di
stant poses a gr
eat
r
esi
dent
ialar
ea,
ithasa pl
ace f
rom t
he env
ironment
al i
mpact
hi
gher pot
ent
ial t
o r
esi
dent
ialar
ea,andso ont
heoccupant
soft
he
cause noi
se and ai
r t
hei
mpactofnoi
seand soci
etysi
ncei
thast
o
pol
l
uti
on.Thi
sismost ai
rpol
l
uti
oni
smi
nimal
. pass t
hrough t
he
undesi
rabl
e r
esi
dent
ialar
ea.Mor
e
costwi
l
lbeacqui
redi
f
noi
sebar
ri
ersar
etobe
const
ruct
ed.

pr
ovi
sionf
orpedest
ri
an Becauset
heacqui
sit
ion Si
ncet
heacqui
sit
ionof Becauset
heacqui
sit
ion
si
dewal
ks oft
her
ightofwayi
s t
her
ightofwayi
seasy oft
her
ightofwayi
s
qui
tedi
ff
icul
ttoobt
ain, i
nthi
sal
ter
nat
ivet
her
e qui
tedi
ff
icul
ttoobt
ain,
hav
ing a pedest
ri
an i
s t
he possi
bil
i
ty of hav
ing a pedest
ri
an
si
de wal
k wi
l
l be const
ruct
ing a si
de wal
k wi
l
l be
i
nconv
eni
ent pedest
ri
ansi
dewal
k. i
nconv
eni
ent

Cr
oss sect
ion of t
he A v
iew of t
he cr
oss Ev
en t
hough, t
his t
he el
evat
ion of t
his
el
evat
ion sect
ion suggest
s an el
evat
ion wi
l
l al
so opt
ion pr
esent
s t
he
unf
avor
abl
efor
mat
ion. r
equi
reabi
tcut
ti
ngand bestf
ormat
ionandso
Thi
swi
l
llead t
o al
ot f
il
li
ng,i
tismuchbet
ter l
esser cut
s and f
il
ls
mor
e cut
s and f
il
ls t
han t
he case oft
he l
eadi
ngt
omi
nimal
cost
l
eadi
ngt
oahi
ghercost f
ir
stone.

Hav
ingt
akeni
ntoaccountt
heengi
neer
ing,env
ironment
alandeconomi
cimpactoft
he
v
ari
ousal
ter
nat
ives,al
ter
nat
ivet
wopr
esent
sabet
teropt
ion.Theconst
ruct
ionoft
his
r
out
ewi
l
lachi
eveami
nimum costwhi
l
emai
ntai
ningsaf
etyandabet
terenv
ironment
al
bal
ance.

16
3.
2.5BENEFI
TSOFTHEROAD
 Reduct
ioni
ntr
avel
timef
rom Asokwat
oBomso

 I
ncr
easei
ntheaest
het
icnat
ureoft
hecommuni
ty

 Reducer
oadusercosti
nter
msoff
uel
consumpt
ion

 Reducet
raf
fi
ccongest
ionont
heAccr
a-Kumasi
road

 Reduct
ioni
nnoi
seandai
rpol
l
uti
onont
heAccr
a-Kumasi
road

 Easeofaccesspoi
nts

 I
ncr
easei
neconomi
cact
ivi
ti
eswi
thi
nthecommuni
ty

4.
0CONCLUSI
ON
I
nconcl
usi
on,t
heessenceofconst
ruct
ionofnew r
out
esi
nthet
wocommuni
ti
es
cannotbeov
eremphasi
zed.Reduct
ioni
ntr
avelt
ime,
incr
easei
ntheaest
het
icnat
ureof
t
hecommuni
ti
es,r
educt
ioni
ncongest
ionont
hecur
rentr
oadsamongstot
her
sar
ethe
benef
it
soft
hepr
oposedr
out
esshoul
dthewor
kbei
mpl
ement
ed.Goodbal
ancei
n
engi
neer
ing,
env
ironment
alandeconomi
cfact
orswer
eengagedi
not
hert
oar
ri
veatt
he
sel
ect
edr
out
es.

17
5.
0REFERENCES
1.Gar
berandhaul
(Tr
anspor
tandHi
ghwayengi
neer
ing2ndedi
ti
on)

2.Al
exPi (4thedi
nker ti
on,
Anal
ysi
soft
ranspor
tat
ionpr
inci
ples)

18