Figure 8.

U-shaped grouting cell positioned at bottom of excavation (after Sliwinski

plates). This technique is similar to the Bauer system of tip grouting used on the Jedda-
and Fleming, 1984).
Mecca Expressway (Bruce, 1983) and the Brooklyn Queen’s Expressway (1988). The
difference is that Lizzi had the plates covered with an impermeable liner to ensure that
separation of grout injection ports and concrete was maintained (see Figure 9). The
impermeable liner ensured that no permeation into the surrounding soil occurred.

Figure 9. Mechanical compaction grout apparatus (from Lizzi, 1981)

Consideration can also be given as to whether a gravel pack should be included between

12 Mullins, et al.