Me - Gate-18 - Set - 1 PDF

GATE - 2018
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [SHIFT - 1]
GENERAL APTITUDE
01. A number consists of two digits. The sum of the digits is 9. If 45 is subtracted from the number, its
digits are interchanged. What is the number?
(a) 63 (b) 72
(c) 81 (d) 90
01. Ans: (b)

Sol: Let two digit number is ab
a + b = 9 -------------- (i)
100 + b  45 = 10b + a
10 a  a  45 = 10 b  b
9a  45 = 9b
9a  9b = 45
9 (a  b) = 45  a  b = 5 ----------------- (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii)
a+b=9
ab=5
2a = 14  a =17
Substituting (i) and (ii)
a+b =9
ab =5
() (+) ()
2b = 4
 b =2
 The two digit number = ab = 72
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02. “Her _______ should not be confused with miserliness; she is ever willing to assist those in need.”
The word that best fills the blank in the above sentence is
(a) cleanliness (b) punctuality
(c) frugality (d) greatness
02. Ans: (c)

Sol: This is a contrasting sentence 'miserliness' means lack of willingness to spend. If a quality of the
woman referred to its not to be confused with 'miserliness' that quality must also reflect a lack of
willingness to spend. But the second part says that she has always been willing to assist those who
are in need. The words that should spring to our mind are 'economy', 'thrift' and 'frugality', which
means a disinclination. So, the right option is 'c'.
03. “Going by the _______ that many hands make light work, the school_______ involved all the
students in the task.”
The words that best fill the blanks in the above sentence are
(a) principle, principal (b) principal, principle
(c) principle, principle (d) principal, principal
03. Ans: (a)

Sol: 'Principle' means a moral rule or belief that helps you know what is right and wrong.
'Principal' means the person in charge of a public school or a university or college. So, the right
option is 'a'.
04. A rectangle becomes a square when its length and breadth are reduced by 10m and 5m,
respectilvey. During this process, the rectangle losses 650 m2 of area. What is the area of the
original rectangle in square meters?
(a) 1125 (b) 2250
(c) 2924 (d) 4500

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04. Ans: (b)

Sol: Rectangle initial length = a, breath = b
Area of the rectangle initially (4) = a  b = ?
If length is reduced by 10 m and breath , is 5 m, then it became square.
a  10 = b  5
a  b = 5 ------------- (i)
In this process rectangle losses 650 m of area
(a 10)  (b  5) = a  b  650
 5a  10b  ab  50  a  b  650
 5a  10b  50  650  0
 5a  10b  700  0
 5a  2b   700
a  2b  140 ------------------ (ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii)
a + 2b = 140
ab=5
() (+) ()
3b = 135
 b = 45
 a – b = 5  a – 45 = 5  a = 50
Area of original rectangle = a  b
= 45  50 = 2250 m2
05. Seven machines take 7 minutes to make 7 identical toys. At the same rate, how many minutes
would it take for 100 machines to make 100 toys?
(a) 1 (b) 7
(c) 100 (d) 700

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05. Ans: (b)

Sol: Number of machines (m1) = 7 ,
Time (T1) = 7 minutes
Amount of workdone (W1) = 7 ,
M2 = 100
W2 = 100 toys, T2 = ?
According to chain Rate
M 1  T1 M 2  T2

W1 W2
7  7 100  T2
 
7 100
 T2 = 7 min
So, 100 machines will take 7 minutes for making 100 toys.
06. Which of the following functions describe the graph shown in the below figure?
y
3
2
1
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3x
-1
-2
-3
(a) y  x  1  2 (b) y  x  1  1
(c) y  x  1  1 (d) y  x  1  1
06. Ans: (b)

Sol: From the given graph,
If x= 0 , then y = 0
If x = 1, then y = –1
If x =  2, then y = 0

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Solving through options
Option (a) :
y  x 1  2
putting x =1, y  1  1  2 = 2 – 2 = 0 , but y = –1
So, it is not satisfied.

Option (b) :
y  x 1 1
putting x =1, y  1  1  1 = 0 – 1 = 1 ,
So, it is satisfied.
Option (c) :
y  x 1 1
putting x =1, y  1  1  1 = 2  1  2  1  1 , but y = –1
Option (d) :
y  x 1 1
putting x =1, y  1  1  1 = 0  1  1
07. Given that a and b are integers and a+a2b2 is odd, which one of the following statements is
correct?
(a) a and b are both odd
(b) a and b are both even
(c) a is even and b is odd
(d) a is odd and b is even

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07. Ans: (d)

Sol: Given, a and b are integers
a + a2 b3 is odd
a (1 + ab3) is odd
If a is odd, then (1 + ab3) is also odd,
because odd number  odd number = odd number
If (1+ab3) is odd, then ab3 is must be even as we know, a is odd then b must be even.
So, a is odd and b is even
 option (d) is correct.
08. For integers a, b and c, what would be the minimum and maximum values respectively of a+b+c
if log a  log b  log c  0 ?
(a) –3 and 3 (b) –1 and 1

(c) –1 and 3 (d) 1 and 3
08. Ans: (a)

Sol: a, b and c are integers
a + b + c = ? (minimum and maximum values)
log a  log b  log c  0
a : b and c all are equal to 1
a bc 1
abc = +1
abc = 1
abc = –1
So a, b, c may be ,  and  respectively.
For minimum value all three will be –1
So, minimum value = –1–1–1 = –3
For maximum value all three will be +1
So, maximum value = +1+1+1 = +3

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 Therefore option (a) is correct.
09. From the time the front of a train enters a platform, it takes 25 seconds for the back of the train to
leave the platform, while travelling at a constant speed of 54 km/h. At the same speed, it takes 14
seconds to pass a man running at 9 km/h in the same directions as the train. What is the length of
the train and that of the platform in meters, respectively?
(a) 210 and 140 (b) 162.5 and 187.5
(c) 245 and 130 (d) 175 and 200
09. Ans: (d)

5
Sol: Speed of the train (ST) = 54 kmph = 54   15 m / sec
18
Time taken to pass a platform (T) = 25 sec
Case – I
Train passes a platform
D  LT
ST 
T
D  LT
15 
25
D + LT = 1525 = 375 M----------(1)
Case – II
5
Train passes a man of speed = 9 kmph in the same direction = 9 = 2.5 m/sec
18
Relative speed in the same direction 15 – 2.5 = 12.5 m/sec
Platform length
T
Relative speed
T = 14 sec
LT
14   LT = 14  12.5 = 175 m
12.5
Train length (LT) = 175m and
THE length of the platform from the equation (1)
D = 375 – LT = 375 = 200 m
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10. Consider the following three statements:

(i) Some roses are red
(ii) All red flowers fade quickly
(iii) Some roses fade quickly
Which of the following statements can be logically inferred from the above statements?
(a) if (i) is true and (ii) is false, then (iii) is false
(b) if (i) is true and (ii) is false, then (iii) is true
(c) if (i) and (ii) are true, then (iii) is true
(d) if (i) and (ii) are false, then (iii) is false
10. Ans: (c)

Sol: From the given statements the following Venn diagram is possible.
Red
Roses Fade quickly
Statement (3) can be drawn from above so, option (c) is correct.

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Mechanical Engineering
01. Which one of the following statements is correct for a superheated vapour?
(a) Its pressure is less than the saturation pressure at a given temperature.
(b) Its temperature is less than the saturation temperature at a given pressure
(c) Its volume is less than the volume of the saturated vapour at a given temperature
(d) Its enthalpy is less than the enthalpy of the saturated vapour at a given pressure.
01. Ans: (a)

Sol: T
P2
P1
At a given temperature (P1 < P2)
02. If the wire diameter of a compressive helical spring is increased by 2%, the change in spring
stiffness (in %) is ______ (correct to two decimal places)
02. Ans: 8.24

Sol: Helical compression spring stiffness
Gd 4
k , d= wire diameter
8D 3 n
d2 = 1.02 d1 (2% increase in wire diameter)
k 2 d 42
 k d4  
k 1 d 14

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4
 1.02d 1 
 k 2  k 1    1.08243 k 1
 d1 
 % increase in stiffness = 8.243 %
03. A four bar mechanism is made up of links of length 100, 200, 300 and 350 mm. If the 350 mm link
is fixed, the number of links that can rotate fully is______.
03. Ans: 1
Sol: Links 100,200,300 and 350 mm
L = 350
300
S = 100
P = 200 350
200
Q = 300
 L + S = 450 100
P + Q = 500
 (L+S) < (P+Q)  Class –I / Grashoff’s chain
Fixed link = 350 mm = Adjacent to shortest
 Crank-Rocker Mechanism
 Number of lines making full rotation  One Link
04.

For a two-dimensional incompressible flow field given by u  A xî  yĵ , where A>0, which one 
for the following statements if FALSE?
(a) It satisfies continuity equation
(b) It is unidirectional when x0 and y
(c) Its streamlines are given by x = y
(d) It is irrotational

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04. Ans: (c)
Sol: Given,
u = Ax and v = –Ay
u v
 Continuity equation :  = A – A = 0. Option (a) is correct.
x y
 The given flow field is unidirectional when x  0 and y  . Option (b) is correct.
 The equation of streamline is,
dx dy

u v
dx dy

Ax  Ay
i.e., ln(x) + ln(y) = C
ln(xy) = C = ln C1 (let)
xy = eC = C1
Hence, x = y is not equation of streamline. Hence, option (c) is false.
 For irrotational condition,
u v
  0  0  0 . Hence, option (d) is correct.
x y
05. A flat plate of which L = 1 m is pushed down with a velocity U = 0.01 m/s towards a wall resulting
in the drainage of the fluid between the plate and the wall as shown in the figure. Assume two-
dimensional incompressible flow and that the plate remains parallel to the wall. The average
velocity ,uavg of the fluid (in m/s) draining out at the instant shown in the figure is______(correct
to three decimal places).
L
U Plate
uavg d=0.1 m uavg
Wall

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05. Ans: 0.050
Sol: Volume swept by the plate per unit time = Discharge going out or drainage from two sides
Assuming width of the plate (W) to be very long, the discharge perpendicular to the plane can be
neglected.
 U  ( L  W) = 2  uavg  d  W
UL 0.011
u avg   = 0.050 m/s
2d 2  0.1
06. A bar of uniform cross section and weighing 100N is held horizontally using two massless and
inextensible strings S1 and S2 as shown in the figure.
Rigid support
T1=? T2=?
S1 S2 Bar
L/2 L/2
The tensions in the strings are

(a) T1 = 100 N and T2 = 0 N (b) T1 = 0 N and T2 = 100 N
(c) T1 = 75 N and T2 = 25 N (d) T1 = 25 N and T2 = 75 N
06. Ans: (b)

Sol: FBD of the bar is shown in figure.
Balancing moments about B,
Rigid support
T1=? T2=?
S1 CM location S2 Bar
L/2 L/2
W

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L
T1   0  T1 = 0
2
Now, balancing forces,
T1 + T2 = 100N
 0 + T2 = 100 N
 T2 =100 N
07. A steel column of rectangular section (15mm10mm) and length 1.5m is simply supported at both
ends. Assuming modulus of elasticity, E = 200 GPa for steel, the critical axial load (in kN)
is______ (correct to two decimal places).
07. Ans: 1.09

Sol: Given steel column of rectangular section 15 mm  100 mm, L = 1.5 m, E = 200 GPa column is
Y
simply supported at both ends.
10  15 3
I xx   2812.5 mm 4
 2 EI least  EI yy
2 12
 Pcr  
L2 L2 15 mm X
 2  200  10 9  1250  10 12

 15 103
1.5 2 I yy   1250 mm 4
10 mm
12
 1096.6 N  1.0966 kN
08. According to the Mean Value Theorem, for a continuous function f(x) in the interval [a, b], there
b
exists a value  in this interval such that  f x dx 
a
(a) f()(b–a) (b) f(b)(–a)

(c) f(a)(b–) (d) 0

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08. Ans: (a)
Sol: According to Mean Value theorem, we have the following result.
b
If a function f(x) is continuous on [a, b] then  a point 'c' in (a,b) such that  f x dx  f c b  a  .
a
b
1
f x dx is called the mean value of the function f(x) on [a,b].
b  a  a
Here f(c) =
From the given data, f(x) is continuous in [a, b].

b
 From the above standard result (or) theorem, we have  f x dx  f x b  a  , where  (a,b).
a
Hence option (a) is correct.
09. Interpolator in a CNC machine

(a) controls spindle speed
(b) coordinates axes movements
(c) operates tool changer
(d) commands canned cycle
09. Ans: (b)

Sol: Interpolator in a CNC machine coordinates feed rates of axes.
10. In a linearly hardening plastic material, the true stress beyond initial yielding
(a) increases linearly with the true strain
(b) decreases linearly with the true strain
(c) first increases linearly and then decreases linearly with the true strain
(d) remains constant
10. Ans: (a)

Sol: In a linearly hardening plastic material, the true stress beyond initial yielding increases because the
cross sectional area decreases continuously.

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11. For a Pelton wheel with a given water jet velocity, the maximum output power from the Pelton
wheel is obtained when the ratio of the bucket speed to the water jet speed is _____ (correct to two
decimal places).
11. Ans: 0.50

Sol: Runner power developed = a V1 (Vw1 + Vw2)  u
where, a = nozzle area,
V1 = jet velocity and u = bucket velocity
Vw1 and Vw2 are the whirl components of velocities at inlet and out of the runner.
But Vw1 = V1
and Vw2 = k Vr2 cos  - u (where, k = blade velocity coefficient)
= k (V1 – u) cos – u
Thus, Power = (V1 + k (V1 – u) cos - u) u
P = a V1 [(V1 – u) (1 + kcos)] u
P =  a V1 [(uV1 – u2) (1+ kcos)]
For maximum power : (V1 = constant)
P
 V1  2u  0
u
V1
 u
2
u
  0.5
V1
12. Four red balls, four green balls and four blue balls are put in a box. Three balls are pulled out of
the box at random one after another without replacement. The probability that all the three balls
are red is
(a) 1/72 (b) 1/55
(c) 1/36 (d) 1/27

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12. Ans: (b)
Sol: R 4  G 4  B4   12
4 C3 4 1
P3 Re d    
12 C 3 220 55
13. The time series forecasting method that gives equal weightage to each of the m most recent
observations is
(a) Moving average method
(b) Exponential smoothing with linear trend
(c) Triple Exponential smoothing
(d) Kalman Filter
13. Ans: (a)

Sol: Equal weightage is given to each of most recent observations in moving average method.
14. If 1 and 3 are the algebraically largest and smallest principal stresses respectively, the value of
the maximum shear stress is
1   3 1   3
(a) (b)
2 2
1   3 1   3
(c) (d)
2 2
14. Ans: (b)

Sol: For tri-axial state of stress, if 1, 2 and 3 are the three principal stresses in decreasing order, then
    2  2   3  3  1 
 max   1 , ,
 2 2 2 
1  3
max 
2

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15. F(z) is a function of the complex variable z = x+iy given by
F(z) = iz + k Re(z)+I Im(z)
For what value of k will F(z) satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) y
15. Ans: (b)

Sol: Let u + iv = F(x) = iz + k Re(z) + i Im(z)
Then u + iv = F(z) = i(x+iy) + kx + iy
 u + iv = F(z) = (kx-y)+i(x+y)
 u = kx-y & v = x+y
Now the Cauchy-Riemann equation of the complex function w = F(z) = u(x,y)+iv(x,y) are given
by
u v v u
 &  (or) ux = vy & vx = –uy.
x r x y
consider ux = vy
k=1
 The C-R equations satisfy for the given function
F(z) when k = 1
16. Using the Taylor’s tool life equation with exponent n = 0.5, if the cutting speed is reduced by 50%,
the ratio of new tool life to original tool life is
(a) 4 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 0.5
16. Ans: (a)

Sol: Taylor’s tool life equation is given by
VT0.5 = C
 V2T20.5  V1T10.5
V1 0.5
 T2  V1T10.5  V2  0.5V1 
2
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0.5
T 
  2  2
 T1 
T2
 4
T1
17. A grinding ratio of 200 implies that the

(a) grinding wheel wears 200 times the volume of the material removed
(b) grinding wheel wears 0.005 times the volume of the material removed
(c) aspect ratio of abrasive particles used in the grinding wheel is 200
(d) ratio of volume of abrasive particle to that of grinding wheel is 200
17. Ans: (b)

Volume removed from workpiece V1 
Sol: Grinding ratio (GR) =
Wheel wear V2 
V1
 200 
V2
V1
V2  = 0.005 V1
200
18. For an Oldham coupling used between two shafts, which among the following statements are
correct?
(I) Torsional load is transferred along shaft axis.
(II) A velocity ratio of 1:2 between shafts is obtained without using gears.
(III) Bending load is transferred transverse to shaft axis.
(IV) Rotation is transferred along shaft axis.
(a) I and III (b) I and IV
(c) II and III (d) II and IV

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18. Ans: (b)
Sol: Oldham coupling is the third inversion of double slider crank chain. It is used when the driving and
driven shafts have trasverse / lateral misalignment of their axis. It does not alter the angular
velocity.
19. The type of weld represented by the shaded region in the figure is
(a) groove (b) spot (c) fillet (d) plug

19. Ans: (c)
Sol: The weld represented in the by the dark region in the figure is a fillet weld.
20. The equation of motion for a spring-mass system excited by a harmonic force is
Mx  Kx  F cost  ,
Where M is the mass, K is the spring stiffness, F is the force amplitude and  is the angular
frequency of excitation. Resonance occurs when  is equal to
M 1 K
(a) (b)
K 2 M
K K
(c) 2 (d)
M M
20. Ans: (d)

Sol: Given equation of motion is
Mx  Kx  F cos(t )
 = excitation frequency

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Its natural frequency is
K
n 
M
Resonance occurs when excitation frequency coincides/matches with system’s natural frequency
(and amplitude of forced excitation linearly increases with time)
21. An ideal gas undergoes a process from state 1 (T1 = 300 K, p1 = 100 kPa) to state 2 (T2 = 600K,
p2 = 500 kPa). The specific heats of the ideal gas are: cp = 1 kJ/kg-K and cv = 0.7 kJ/kgK. The
change in specific entropy of the ideal gas from state 1 to state 2 ( in kJ/kg-K) is _____ (correct to
two decimal places).
21. Ans: 0.21

Sol: P1 = 100 kPa, T1 = 300 K
T2 = 600 K, P2 = 500 kPa
cp = 1.0 kJ/kgK ,
cv = 0.7 kJ/kgK
T  P 
s2 – s1 = c p n  2   R n  2 
 T1   P1 
 600   500 
 1n    0.3 n 
 300   100 
= 0.693 – 0.482
= 0.21 kJ/kgK
22. Then number of atoms per unit cell and the number of slip system, respectively, for a face-centered
cubic (FCC) crystal are
(a) 3, 3 (b) 3, 12 (c) 4, 12 (d) 4, 48
22. Ans: (c)

Sol: Number of atoms present in FCC
Unit cell = 4 atoms
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1
(1) th fraction of atom at each corner
8
1
  8  1atoms
8
1
(2) fraction of atom at each face
2
1
  6  3 atoms
2
Number of slip system in FCC = 12
23. The height (in mm) for a 125 mm sine bar to measure a taper of 27o32 on a flat work piece is
_________ (correct to three decimal places).
23. Ans: 57.783

Sol:  = 2732
o
 32 
= 27   
o
125
 30 
h
= 27.533

h
sin =
125
h = 57.783 mm
 4 1  1
24. The rank of the matrix   1  1  1 is
 7  3 1 
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
24. Ans: (b)

: 22 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

 4 1  1
Sol: Given that A    1  1  1
 7  3  1
R2 → C1R2–R1, R3 → 4R3+7R1
  4 1  1
A ~  0  5  3
 0  5  3
R3 → R3–R2
  4 1  1
A ~  0  5  3
 0 0 0 
 The rank of a matrix A is (A) = 2.
25. A six-faced fair dice is rolled five times. The probability (in %) of obtaining “ONE” at least four
times is
(a) 33.3 (b) 3.33
(c) 0.33 (d) 0.0033
25. Ans: (c)
Sol: P1 
1
6
 
, P 1c 
5
6
P x  4   P x  4   P x  5 
4 5
1 5 1
 5 C 4      5C5  
6 6 6
5 1
 5 
65 65
26
  0.0033 = 0.33 %
65

: 23 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)


: 24 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

26. A self-aligning ball bearing has a basic dynamic load rating (C10, for 106 revolutions) of 35 kN. If
the equivalent radial load on the bearing is 45 kN, the expected life (in 106 revolutions) is
(a) below 0.5 (b) 0.5 to 0.8
(c) 0.8 to 1.0 (d) above 1.0
26. Ans: (a)

Sol: For ball bearings
3
C
L    in million revolutions
P
3
 35 
 L    =0.47 million rev
 45 
27. The state of stress at a point, for a body in plane stress, is shown in the figure below. If the
minimum principal stress is 10 kPa, then the normal stress y( in kPa) is
y
xy = 50 kPa
x = 100 kPa
(a) 9.45 (b) 18.88 (c) 37.78 (d) 75.50
27. Ans: (c)

Sol: Given plane state of stress
Given, min = 10 KPa
x  y  x  y  2
 min      xy
2  2 

: 25 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

y
100   y  20 100    y
2
 4  50 2
  xy = 50 kPa
2 2
  y  80   2y  200 y  20000
2
x = 100 kPa
  2y  160 y  6400   2y  200 y  20000
 360 y  13600
  y  37.78 kPa
28. A tank open at the top with a water level of 1m, as shown in the figure, has a hole at a height of
0.5m. A free jet leaves horizontally from the smooth hole. The distance X (in m) where the jet
strikes the floor is
(a) 0.5 (b) 1.0 (c) 2.0 (d) 4.0
28. Ans: (b)

Sol: 
h = 1 – 0.5 = 0.5 m
1m
y= 0.5 m
x
The velocity of jet at the exit of hole is given by

u  2gh
The jet performs projectile motion with x component of velocity u  2gh and y component v =
0 at the exit of hole.
The time ‘t’ taken by jet to reach the ground can be obtained by kinematic equation of jet motion
as:

: 26 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

1 1
y   0  t  gt 2
2 2
2y
i.e., t 
g
The horizontal distance traveled by jet in the same time is
2y
x  u  t  2gh   2 h  y  2 0.5  0.5  1m
g
29. The true stress () - true strain () diagram of a strain hardening material is shown in figure. First,
there is loading up to point A, i.e up to stress of 500 MPa and strain of 0.5. Then from point A,
there is unloading up to point B, i.e , to stress of 100MPa. Given that the Young’s modulus E =
200 GPa, the natural strain at point B (B) is _____ (correct to three decimal places).

(MPa)
A
A = 500
B
B = 100
B 
0.5
29. Ans: 0.498
Sol:

(MPa)
A
A = 500
B
B = 100
B 
0.5

: 27 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

The curve traces a near straight line path from the point of unloading (N.A), and its slop is
virtually identical to the modulus of elasticity or parallel to the initial elastic curve.
  A   B
E 
  A   B
500  100
 = 200  103 MPa
0.5   B
400
0.5   B 
200 10 3
0.5 – B = 210–3
 B = 0.5 – 210–3 = 0.498
30. A carpenter glues a pair of cylindrical wooden logs by bonding their end faces at an angle of  =
30o as shown in the figure.
Log 1 Log 2
Interface  axis
4 MPa 4 MPa
 = 30
The glue used at the interface fails if

Criterion 1: the maximum normal stress exceeds 2.5 MPa
Criterion 2: the maximum shear stress exceeds 1.5 MPa
Assume that the interface fails before the logs fail. When a uniform tensile stress of 4 MPa is
applied, the interface
(a) fails only because of criterion 1
(b) fails only because of criterion 2
(c) fails because of both criteria 1 and 2
(d) does not fail
30. Ans: (c)

Sol: For the interface, x = 4 MPa, y = 0, xy = 0

: 28 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

x  y x  y
   cos2  30 o    xy sin 2
2 2

40 40
     cos 0  0 sin 0 = 2 + 20.5 = 3
o
(, )
 2   2 
2
60
 x  y  
     sin 2   xy cos 2 (0, 0) (2, 0) (4, 0)
 2 
40 3
    sin 60  0 =  2
o
= -1.732
 2  2
 > 2.5 MPa and  > 1.5 MPa the interface fails because of both criteria 1 and 2

: 29 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

31. A solid block of 2.0 kg mass slides steadily at a velocity V along a vertical wall as shown in the
figure below. A thin oil film of thickness h = 0.15mm provides lubrication between the block and
the wall. The surface area of the face of the block in contact with the oil film is 0.04m2. The
velocity distribution within the oil film gap is linear as shown in the figure. Take dynamic
viscosity of oil as 710–3 Pa-s and acceleration due to gravity as 10 m/s2. Neglect weight of the oil
. The terminal velocity V (in m/s) of the block is _______ (correct to one decimal place).
h=0.15mm
m=2.0 kg
v
A = 0.04 m2
Impermeable wall
31. Ans: 10.7

Sol: Terminal velocity is reached when weight force of the block is balanced by the viscous drag forces
due to shear stress generated in the fluid-solid interface.
 A = W h=0.15 m
Using Newton’s law of viscosity
du V
 
dy h
m = 20 kg
V Wh mgh
 AWV  V
h A A
2  9.81  0.15  10 3 A=0.04 m2


7  10 3  0.04
Impermeable wall
= 10.5 m/s
32. A point mass is shot vertically up from ground level with a velocity of 4 m/s at time, t = 0. It loses
20% of its impact velocity after each collision with the ground. Assuming that the acceleration due
to gravity is 10 m/s2 and that air resistance is negligible, the mass stops bouncing and comes to
complete rest on the ground after a total time ( in seconds) of

: 30 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 
32. Ans: (c)
Sol: Given 0 = 4 m/s
2u 0
First flight time t 1 
g
After first time impact u 1  0.8 u 0
2u 1 0.8  2u 0
Second flight time t 2  
g g
After second impact u 2  0.8u 1  0.8 2 u 0
2 u 2 0 .8 2  2  u 0
Third flight time t 3  
g g
Total time of light t  t 1  t 2  t 3  ...
2u 0  1 
    4s
g  1  0.8 
33. A machine of mass m = 200 kg is supported on two months, each of stiffness k = 10 kN/m. The
machine is subjected to an external force (in N) F(t) = 50cos5t. Assuming only vertical translatory
motion, the magnitude of the dynamic force (in N) transmitted from each mount to the ground is
_____ (correct of two decimal places).
F(t)
k k

: 31 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

33. Ans: 33.33

33. Given m = 200 kg
Since springs are in parallel arrangement
K  k 1  k 2  k  k  2k  20kN / m
Harmonic excitation force
F = 50 cos (5t) = F0 cos(t)
F0 = 50 N  = 5 rad/s
K 20000
n    10 rad / s
m 200

Frequency ratio r   0.5
n
Damping ratio   0
1  2 r 
2
Ft 1
   1.333
F0 1  r   2 r 
2 2 2 1 r2
Ft  1.333 F0  66.66 N
Force transmitted from each mount to the ground
Ft
 33.33 N
2
34. The percentage scrap in a sheet metal blanking operation of a continuous strip of sheet metal as
shown in the figure is _____ (correct to two decimal places).
D/5 D/5 D/5
D/5 D/5
Feed D D
D/5 D/5 D/5

: 32 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

34. Ans: 53.25

Sol: P Q
D
7D/5
S R
6D/5
Rectangle PQRS keeps repeating

7 D 6D
Atotal = APQRS =  1.68 D 2
5 5
 2
Adisk = D = 0.7853 D2
4
A total  A disc
Percentage of scrap =
A total
1.68D 2  0.7853D 2
=
1.68D 2
= 53.25 %

35. The value of the integral  r.n dS over the closed surface S bounding a volume V, where
S
r  xî  yĵ  zk̂ is the position

(a) V (b) 2V (c) 3V (d) 4V
35. Ans: (c)

Sol: In the given problem, 'S' is closed surface. So we evaluate the given problem by using Gauss-
Divengence theorem.
By a Gauss-divengence theorem, we have
 f .n ds   divfdv .

s v

: 33 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

Let f  r  x i  yj  zk  f1i  f 2 j  f 3k .
Also given that volume of the given region bounded by a closed surface 'S' is 'V'.
i.e. | dv  V
v
 f f 2 f 3 
Now  f .n ds   1
  dx dy dz
s v  x y z 
  f .n ds  1  1  1dx dy dz

s v
  f .n ds  3| dx dy dz
s v
  f .n ds  3V
s
36. A slider crank mechanism is shown in the figure. At some instant, the crank angle is 45o and a
force of 40 N is acting towards the left on the slider. The length of the crank is 30mm and the
connecting rod is 70 mm. Ignoring the effect of gravity, friction and inertial forces, the magnitude
of the crankshaft torque (in Nm) needed to keep the mechanism in equilibrium is ______ (correct
to two decimal places).
40 kN
36. Ans: 1.11

sin   
Sol: FT = FP .
cos 
FT
But  = 45
 70 30 mm
70 mm
n  = 2.333
r 30 45
sin  sin 45o FP = 40N

sin   =
n 2.333
  = 17.64
: 34 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

sin 45  17.64
FT = 40  = 37.278 N
cos17.64
 Torque on crank T = FT  r = 37.2780.03 N-m

 T = 1.1183 N-m
dy
37. An explicit forward Euler method is used to numerically integrate the differential equation y
dt
using a time step of 0.1. With the initial condition y(0) = 1, the value of y(1) computed by this
method is ______ (correct to two decimal places).
37. Ans: 2.59

dy  dy 
Sol: Given  y ............ (1)  f t , r 
dt  dt 
y(0) = 1............ (2) (∵ y(h0) = r0)

Let t0 = 0, y0 = 1 and h = 0.1
Then t1 = t0+h = 0 + 0.1 = 0.1
t2 = t1+h = 0.1 + 0.1 = 0.2
t3 = t2+h = 0.2 + 0.1 = 0.3
t4 = t3+h = 0.3 + 0.1 = 0.4
t5 = t4+h = 0.4 + 0.1 = 0.5
t6 = t5+h = 0.5 + 0.1 = 0.6
t7 = t6+h = 0.6 + 0.1 = 0.7
t8 = t7+h = 0.7 + 0.1 = 0.8
t9 = t8+h = 0.8 + 0.1 = 0.9
t10 = t9+h = 0.9 + 0.1 = 1
Step (1) At t = t1 = 0.1
The forward Euler method formula is given by
y1 = y0 + hf(t0, y0), when f(t,y) = y
 y1 = 1 + (0.1)(y0) = 1 + 0.1 = 1.1
Step (2) At t = t2 = 0.2
: 35 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

Now y2 = y1 + hf(t1, y1)
 y2 = 1.1 + (0.1)(y1) = 1.1 + (0.1) (1.1) = 1.1 + 0.11 = 1.21
Step (3) At t = t3 = 0.3
Now y3 = y2 + hf(t2, y2)
 y3 = 1.21 + (0.1)(y2) = 1.21 + (0.1) (1.21) = 1.21 + 0.121 = 1.331
Step (4) At t = t4 = 0.4
Now y4 = y3 + hf(t3, y3)
 y4 = 1.331 + (0.1)(y3) = 1.331 + (0.1) (1.331) = 1.331 + 0.3331 = 1.4641
Step (5) At t = t5 = 0.5
Now y5 = y4 + hf(t4, y4) = 1.4641 + (0.1)(y4)
 y5 = 1.4641 + (0.1)(1.4641) = 1.4641 + 0.14641 = 1.61051
Step (6) At t = t6 = 0.6
Now y6 = y5 + hf(t5, y5) = 1.61051 + (0.1)(y5)
 y6 = 1.6105 + (0.1)(1.61051) = 1.6105 + 0.161051 = 1.771551
Step (7) At t = t7 = 0.7
Now y7 = y6 + hf(t6, y6) = 1.771551 + (0.1)(y6)
 y7 = 1.771551 + (0.1)(1.771551) = 1.771551 + 0.1771551 = 1.9482061
Step (8) At t = t8 = 0.8
Now y8 = y7 + hf(t7, y7) = 1.9487061 + (0.1)(y7)
 y8 = 1.9487061 + (0.1)(1.9487061) = 1.9487061 + 0.19487061 = 2.14357671
Step (9) At t = t9 = 0.9
Now y9 = y8 + hf(t8, y8) = 2.14357671 + (0.1)(y8)
 y9 = 2.14357671 + (0.1)(2.14357671)
= 2.14357671 + 0.214357671 = 2.357934381
Step (10) At t = t10 = 1
Now y10 = y9 + hf(t9, y9) = 2.357934381 + (0.1)(y9)
 y10 = (2.357934381) + (2.357934381)
= 2.593727862
Hence y(1) = y10 = 2.59 (correct to decimal places)

: 36 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

38. The minimum value of 3x+5y, such that:
3x+5y  15
4x+9y  8
13x+2y  2
x  0, y  0 is ________.
38. Ans: 0
Sol: Min Z = 3x + 5y
(0, 3)
Subject to
3x + 5y  15
(0, 1)
4x + 9y  8
(0, 8/9)
13x + 2y  2
x  0, y0 (0, 0) (2/13, 0) (2, 0) (5, 0)
Unique optimal solution x = 0, y = 0
Minimum value = 0
39. An electrochemical machining (ECM) is to be used to cut a through hole into a 12mm thick
aluminium plate. The hole has a rectangular cross-section, 10mm30mm. The ECM operation will
be accomplished in 2 minutes, with efficiency of 90%. Assuming specific removal rate for
aluminum as 3.4410–2 mm3/(A s), the current (in A) required is _____ (correct of two decimal
places).
39. Ans: 968.99

volume removed mm3
Sol: = 3.44  10 2 [given]
current  time A S
10  30  12
= 3.4410–2
0.9I  2  60
 I = 968.99A

: 37 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

40. An eipcyclic gear train is shown in the figure below. The number of teeth on the gears A, B and D
are 20, 30 and 20, respectively. Gear C has 80 teeth on the inner surface and 100 teeth on the outer
surface. If the carrier arm AB is fixed and the sun gear A rotates at 300 rpm in the clockwise
direction, then the rpm of D in the clockwise direction is
A D
(a) 240 (b) –240 (c) 375 (d) –375
40. Ans: (c)

Sol: Gear No. of Teeth
A 20
B 30
C 80 (inner)
100 (inner)
D 20
A = 300 rpm (CW)
When carrier arm A and B fixed, the shown gear train becomes simple gear train.
C
NA = +300 rpm(CW) B
ND = ?
A D
 A Drives B
B Drives C
C Drives A.
NA Z  ZC  Z D Z  ZL
  B = D
NA ZA  Z B  ZC ZA  ZC

: 38 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

300 Z  ZD 80  20 4
  C =  =
NA Z A  ZC 20  100 5
 ND = +375 rpm (CW)
41. An orthogonal cutting operation is being carried out in which uncut thickness is 0.010mm, cutting
speed is 130m/min, rake angle is 15o and width of cut is 6mm. It is observed that the chip
thickness is 0.015 mm, the cutting force is 60N and the thrust force is 25 N. The ratio of friction
energy to total energy is _____ (correct to two decimal places).
41. Ans: 0.44

Fc sin 
Sol: Frictional force, F 
cos   
25
tan     
60

 = 37.61    15o 
60 sin 37.61
 F = 39.66 N
cos 22.61
Friction energy F  v f
Now,  (vf = chip flow velocity, v = cutting velocity)
Total energy FC  v
39.66 0.01  vf t 
=    1 
60 0.015  v t2 
= 0.44
42. A tank of volume 0.05 m3 contains a mixture of saturated water and saturated steam at 200C. The
mass of the liquid present is 8 kg. The entropy (in kJ/kgK) of the mixture is ______ (correct of two
decimal places).
Property data for saturated steam and water are:
At 200oC, psat = 1.5538 MPa
vf = 0.001157 m3/kg, vg = 0.12736 m3/kg
sfg = 4.1014 kJ/kgK, sf = 2.3309 kJ/kgK
: 39 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

42. Ans: 0.32
Sol: At 200C
Psat = 1.5538 MPa
vf = 0.001157 m3/kg
vg = 0.12736 m3/kg
sf = 2.3309 kJ/kgK
sfg = 4.1014 kJ/kgK
vol = 0.05 m3
ml = 8 kg,
Vwet = Vf + x Vfg
Vfg = Vg – Vf
= 0.12736 – 0.001157
= 0.126203 m3/kg
mv mv
x 
m  m v 8  m v
vol
Total mass (m) = m   m v 
Vwet
0.05
8  mv 
Vf  x Vfg
0.05
8  mv 
mv
0.001157  0.126203
8  mv
 
8  m v 0.001157    8  m v m v 0.126203  0.05
 8  mv 
0.009256 + 0.00115 (mv) + 0.126203 (mv) = 0.05
mv (0.126203 + 0.001157) = 0.05 – 0.009256
0.0407
mv   0.3204 kg
0.126203  0.001157

: 40 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

43. A bar is compressed to half of its original length. The magnitude of true strain produced in the
deformed bar is ________ (correct to two decimal places).
43. Ans: 0.693

h2
Sol:  T  n = ln(0.5) = –0.693
h1
 T  0.693
44. The schematic of an external drum rotating clockwise engaging with a short shoe is shown in the
figure. The shoe is mounted at point Y on a rigid lever XYZ hinged at point X. A force F = 100 N
is applied at the free end of the lever as shown. Given that the coefficient of friction between the
shoe and the drum is 0.3, the braking torque (in Nm) applied on the drum is _____ (correct to two
decimal places).
300
200
F 300
Y
Z
100
(All dimensions are in mm)

44. Ans: 8.18 FBD of lever
300
Sol:  F300 – RN200 + RN300 = 0 200
But F = 100 N,  = 0.3
100300 – RN200 + 0.3R4300–0
300
 RN = 272.72 N RN
F
D
 Braking Torque = MR N 
2 Ff = RN
(CW)
= 0.3  272.72  0.1 N  m
TB = 8.18 N.m

: 41 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

45. A sprinkler shown in the figure rotates abut its hinge point in a horizontal plane due to water flow
discharged through its two exit nozzles.
The total flow rate Q through the sprinkler is 1 litre/sec and the cross-sectional area of each exit
nozzle is 1cm2. Assuming equal flow rate through both arms and a frictionless hinge, the steady
state angular speed of rotation (in rad/s) of the sprinkler is ________ (correct to two decimal
places).
Q/2 Q/2
10 cm 20 cm
45. Ans: 10.00

Sol: Vr1 Vr2
Hinge
Q/2 Q/2
r1 r2
As there is no external torque acting on the sprinkler, the angular momentum must be conserved.
Q
r2 V2  r1V1   0
2
i.e., r2V2 = r1V1
r2  Vr 2  r2   r1 Vr1  r1
 Q   Q 
r2   r2    r1   r1 
 2A   2A 
Q
2A

r2  r1   r22  r12  
Qr2  r1  10 3  0.2  0.1
   = 10 rad/s

2A r22  r12  
2  1 10 4  0.2 2  0.12 

: 42 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

46.   0.1kg / s with a heat loss of 5 kW. The

Steam flows through a nozzle at a mass flow rate of m
enthalpy at inlet and exit are 2500 kJ/kg and 2350 kJ/kg, respectively. Assuming negligible
velocity at inlet (C10), the velocity (C2) of steam (in m/s) at the nozzle exit is ______ (correct to
two decimal places).
  5 kW
Q
h1=2500 kJ/kg
C1=0   0.1kg / s h2=2350 kJ/kg
m
C2
46. Ans: 447.21

  5 kW  5000 W
Sol: Q
h1 = 2500 kJ/kg = 2500  103 J/kg
  5 kW
Q
h2 = 2350 kJ/kg = 2350  103 J/kg
h1=2500 kJ/kg
C1 = 0 C1=0   0.1kg / s h2=2350 kJ/kg
m
C2
C2 = ?
  0.1 kg / s
m
 W
Q  m
2
 
 h 2  h1   C 22  C12  gZ 2  Z1  [C1 = 0 & g(Z2 – Z1) = 0]
1
 
 1 
 – 5000  0.12350  2500  103  C 22 
 2 
1 2
 50000  150  103  C2
2
1 2
 50000  150  103  C2
2
 C 2  200000 = 447.21 m/s

: 43 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

47. Let X1, X2 be two independent normal random variables with means 1, 2 and standard deviations
1, 2, respectively. Consider Y= X1–X2; 1 = 2 = 1, 1 = 1, 2 = 2. Then,
(a) Y is normally distributed with mean 0 and variance 1
(b) Y is normally distributed with mean 0 and variance 5
(c) Y has mean 0 and variance 5, but is NOT normally distributed
(d) Y has mean 0 and variance 1, but is NOT normally distributed
47. Ans: (b)

Sol: Given: y = x1 – x2 and E(y) = E(x1) – E(x2) = 0
V(y) = V(x1 – x2)
V(x) + V(y) = 1 + 4 = 5
48. In a Lagrangian system, the position of a fluid particle in a flow is described as x = x0e–kt and
y = y0e–kt where t is the time while x0,y0, and k are constant. The flow is
(a) unsteady and one-dimensional
(b) steady and two-dimensional
(c) steady and one-dimensional
(d) unsteady and two-dimensional
48. Ans: (b)
Sol: u 
dx
dt

 x o e kt  k   k x x  x o e  kt 
v
dy
dt
 y o e  kt k   k y y  y e  o
kt
i.e., u = – kx , v = + ky
u  v 
  kx   0 ,  ky   0
t t t t
 Local acceleration is zero which indicates that flow is steady.
Also, at a particular point, x and y do not change with respect to time. Thus velocity at a given
point does not change with respect time. Hence flow is steady.

: 44 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

Note: From equations u  k x o e  kt , v  k x o e  kt it appears that velocity of fluid particle is
changing with respect to time. But to check whether flow is steady or unsteady, we have to
check whether velocity at a ‘particular location’ is changing or not. Once we fix the location,
velocity at that location is constant. (∵ u = –kx , v = ky). Hence, flow is steady.
49. A simply supported beam of width 100 mm, height 200 mm and length 4m is carrying a uniformly
distributed load of intensity 10 kN/m. The maximum bending stress (in MPa) in the beam is
______ ( correct to one decimal place).
10 kN/m
4m
49. Ans: 30
L2 10  4 2
Sol: M max  = = 20 kN-m
8 8
6M max 6  20  10 6
 max  = = 30 MPa
bd 3 100  200 2
50. F(s) is the Laplace transform of the function f(t) = 2t2e–t .

F(1) is _____ (correct to two decimal places).
50. Ans: 0.5

Sol: f(t) = 2t2e-t

L t2 
2t
 
 L e  t .t 2 
2
s 3
s  13
F(s) = L{f(t)}= L{2t2e-t}
 2 
 
F(s) = 2L t 2e  t  2 
3 
 s  1 
4
Fs  
s  13
4 4 1
F1     0.5
1  1 8 2
3

: 45 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

51. An engine working on air standard Otto cycle is supplied with air at 0.1 MPa and 35oC. The
compression ratio is 8. The heat supplied is 500 kJ/kg. Property data for air: cp = 1.005 kJ/kgK,
cv = 0.718 kJ/kg K, R = 0.287 kJ/kg K. The maximum temperature (in K) of the cycle is _____
(correct to one decimal place).
51. Ans:
Sol: P1 = 100 kPa , P (3)
T1 = 308 K
V=R PV=C
Compressor ratio (rc) = 8
Heat supplied (Qs) = 500 kJ/kg (2)
(4)
cp = 1.005 kJ/kgK ,
cv = 0.718 kJ/kgK, V=R
R = 0.287 kJ/kgK (1)
cp 1.005 V
   1.399
cv 0.718
T2 = T1rc–1
= 308 (8)0.399
= 707.188 K
Qs = cv (T3 – T2)
500 = 0.718 (T3 – 707.188)
T3 = 1403.56 K
52. The maximum reduction in cross-sectional area per pass (R) of a cold wire drawing process is
R = 1–e–(n+1), where n represents the strain hardening coefficient. For the case of a perfectly plastic
material, R is
(a) 0.865 (b) 0.826
(c) 0.777 (d) 0.632

: 46 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

52. Ans: 0.632
Sol: Maximum reduction, 
n=0
R = 1 – e–(n + 1)
For perfectly plastic material, n = 0
 R = 1 – e–(n + 1) 
R = 1 – e–1 = 0.632
53. Processing times (including setup times) and due dates for six jobs waiting to be processed at a
work centre are given in the table. The average tardiness (in days) using shortest processing time
rule is ______ (correct to two decimal places).
Job Processing time (days) Due date (days)
A 3 8
B 7 16
C 4 4
D 9 18
E 5 17
F 13 19
53. Ans: 6.33

Sol: Shortest processing time (SPT) rule A–C –E–B–D–F
Job (J) Processing time (tJ) Flow time (FJ) Due date (dJ) Lateness (LJ) Tardiness (TJ)
A 3 3 8 -5 0
C 4 7 4 3 3
E 5 12 17 -5 0
B 7 19 16 3 3
D 9 28 18 10 10
F 13 41 19 22 22
TJ = 38
 TJ 38
T   6.33
n 6

: 47 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

54. Block P of mass 2 kg slides down the surface and has a speed 20 m/s at the lower point Q, where
the local radius of curvature is 2 m as shown in the figure. Assuming g = 10 m/s2, the normal force
(in N) at Q is_______ (correct to two decimal places).
P
54. Ans: 420

Sol: Given: P
m= 2 kg,
r = 2 m,
g = 10 m/s2
V = 20 M/S Q
mv2
Total normal force = W 
r
mv 2
= mg 
r
= 2  10 
2  20 
2
2
= 20 + 400 = 420 N
55. A plane slab of thickness L and thermal conductivity k is heated with a fluid on one side (P), and
the other side (Q) is maintained at a constant temperature, TQ of 25oC, as shown in the figure. The
fluid is at 45o C and the surface heat transfer coefficient, h, is 10 W/m2K. The steady state
temperature, TP, (in oC) of the side which is exposed to the fluid is ____ (correct to two decimal
places).

: 48 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)

TP
TQ=25C
h=10 W/m K 2 k=2.5 W/mK
T=45C
55. Ans: 33.88

Sol: T = 45C
h = 10 TQ = 25C
W/m2K k = 2.5W/m-K
L = 0.2 m
Thermal circuit :
T = 45C T TQ = 25C
1 b
hA kA
T  TQ T T
Heat transfer rate =  
1 L 1

hA kA hA
45  25 45  T
Heat transfer rate = 
1 0.2 1

10 2.5 10
 T = 33.88C

: 49 : ME_ GATE‐2018 (SHIFT‐1)


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GATE - 2018

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [SHIFT - 1]

01. Ans: (b)

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02. Ans: (c)

03. Ans: (a)

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04. Ans: (b)

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05. Ans: (b)

06. Ans: (b)

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putting x =1, y  1  1  2 = 2 – 2 = 0 , but y = –1

So, it is not satisfied.

putting x =1, y  1  1  1 = 2  1  2  1  1 , but y = –1

So, it is not satisfied.

So, it is not satisfied.

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07. Ans: (d)

(a) –3 and 3 (b) –1 and 1

08. Ans: (a)

a : b and c all are equal to 1

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09. Ans: (d)

10. Consider the following three statements:

10. Ans: (c)

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01. Ans: (a)

At a given temperature (P1 < P2)

02. Ans: 8.24

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uavg d=0.1 m uavg

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The tensions in the strings are

06. Ans: (b)

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07. Ans: 1.09

 2  200  10 9  1250  10 12

(a) f()(b–a) (b) f(b)(–a)

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From the given data, f(x) is continuous in [a, b].

Hence option (a) is correct.

09. Interpolator in a CNC machine

09. Ans: (b)

10. Ans: (a)

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11. Ans: 0.50

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13. Ans: (a)

14. Ans: (b)

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15. Ans: (b)

16. Ans: (a)

17. A grinding ratio of 200 implies that the

17. Ans: (b)

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(a) groove (b) spot (c) fillet (d) plug

20. Ans: (d)

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21. Ans: 0.21

22. Ans: (c)

23. Ans: 57.783