CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO RELIABILITY IMPROVEMENT

1.1. Introduction
Reliability is the ability of an electric power network to provide an adequate
electrical energy. A majority of the service interruptions happens due to lack
operation of power system. In my country, interruptions happen almost at all places.
In generation, transmission and distribution system, complete reliability assessment is
needed at planning stage. The reliability assessment in grids is very much benefical to
the power operator and reduces the failure of major components in power system.
Reliability is one of the most important criteria, which must be taken into
consideration during planning. The reliability assessment mainly focuses on
development of the methods to evaluate the overall reliability. The reliability level of
the system is measured by the defined indices. One of these indices is the probability
of average power availability at load bus.
Power system reliability assessment can be divided into the two basic aspects
of system adequacy and system security. System adequacy relates to the availability
of sufficient generation, transmission and distribution facilities within the system to
provide the required electrical energy to the customer load points. System security is
associated with the ability of the system to respond to disturbances arising within the
system. Protective device is effective method for improving distribution system. For
system improvement, losses can be reduced and reliability can be improved by
placing the protective device, replacing the failure protective device. In future,
distributed generation (DG) can be connected at the distribution network.
Distribution networks have a large number of small distributed generators
(DGs) because they become more efficient and less costly. DGs can be powered by
conventional and renewable energy resources such as photovoltaic (PV) solar arrays,
wind turbine, fuel cells, and biomass fuel as well as gas fired combined heat and
power (CHP). If distributed generation (DG) is less than 10MW installed in
distribution systems, it is normally known as small generation units. Since normally
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distributed generators are installed near the customer side, it will have a great impact
on distribution system reliability.

1.2. Aim and Objectives

 To evaluate the basic indices for load points and the reliability indices from
data
 To evaluate the reliability indices for less interruption by placing the
protective device and DG
 To improve the reliability in the distribution system
 To analyze the reliability improvement in distribution system

1.3. Scope of Thesis

For calculating the reliability indices, data is collected from the substation.
The data is include interruption, outage time and failure rate. Basic load point indices,
system indices can be calculated from this data. Continuously, basic load point
indices, system indices can be calculated by placing protective device such as
disconnecting switches and fuse. Furthermore, the DG is installed for highly
improvement and recalculated. These results can be seen differently.

1.4. Outlines of Thesis

In this thesis, there are six chapters. In chapter one, the introduction to
reliability improvement is stated. In chapter two, overview theory of reliability in
distribution system is described. In chapter three, the embedded generation and
evaluation technique are described. In chapter four, the calculation of reliability for
distribution system is mentioned. In chapter five, the calculation of results of
reliability for distribution system is described. In the last chapter, the discussions and
conclusion are described.